Exploring Education: An Introduction to the Foundations of Education

by Sadovnik, Alan R.; Cookson, Peter W.; Semel, Susan F.

• ISBN13: 9780205290161
• ISBN10: 0205290167
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Based upon the belief that a foundations perspective is a valuable tool in helping to improve schools, this non-traditional text combines a point-of-view analysis with primary source readings. Exploring Education, 2/e, offers an alternative to traditional foundations texts. This book provides primary readings and a text in one source, challenging material that encourages critical and reflective thinking, and a point of view about the possibilities and limits of schools and teachers in solving educational problems. Pre-service and practicing teachers will find a solid introduction to the foundations disciplines history, philosophy, politics, and sociology of education and their application to educational issues including school organization and teaching, curriculum and pedagogic practices, education and inequality and school reform and improvement. Exploring Education, 2/e, provides a research and theory based approach that demonstrates the usefulness of the foundations lens for critically examining and solving educational problems.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xvii
The Limits and Promises of Education: Toward Reflective Practitioners	1	(18)
Educational Problems	5	(7)
The Crisis in Urban Education	5	(3)
The Decline of Literacy	8	(3)
Assessment Issues	11	(1)
Understanding Education: The Foundations Perspective	12	(4)
The History of Education	13	(1)
The Philosophy of Education	14	(1)
The Politics of Education	15	(1)
The Sociology of Education	16	(1)
The Foundations Perspective: A Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Approach	16	(1)
Critical Literacy and Empowerment: Toward the Active Voice of Teachers	17	(2)
The Politics of Education: Conservative, Liberal and Radical Perspectives	19	(47)
The Purposes of Schooling	20	(1)
Political Perspectives	21	(10)
General Issues: Conservative, Liberal, and Radical Perspectives	21	(4)
Traditional and Progressive Visions of Education	25	(1)
The Role of the School	26	(1)
Explanations of Unequal Educational Performance	27	(1)
Definition of Educational Problems	27	(2)
Educational Policy and Reform	29	(1)
Education and the American Dream	30	(1)
From Political Perspectives to the Politics of Education	31	(3)
Readings: The Drive for Excellence: Moving Towards a Public Consensus	34	(6)
Chester E. Finn, Jr.
Ghetto Schooling: A Political Economy of Urban Reform	40	(26)
Jean Anyon
The History of Education	66	(53)
Old World and New World Education: The Colonial Era	66	(4)
The Age of Reform: The Rise of the Common School	70	(3)
Opposition to Public Education	72	(1)
Education for Women and African Americans	72	(1)
Urbanization and the Progressive Impetus	73	(5)
Education for All: The Emergence of the Public High School	76	(2)
The Post-World War II Era: 1945-1980	78	(7)
Cycles of Reform: Progressive and Traditional	78	(3)
Equality of Opportunity	81	(4)
Educational Reaction and Reform: 1980s-1990s	85	(2)
Understanding the History of U.S. Education: Different Historical Interpretations	87	(3)
The Democratic-Liberal School	87	(1)
The Radical-Revisionist School	88	(1)
Conservative Perspectives	89	(1)
Conclusion	90	(7)
Readings: Forgetting the Questions: The Problem of Education Reform	97	(9)
Diane Ravitch
Popular Schooling	106	(13)
Lawrence A. Cremin
The Sociology of Education	119	(62)
The Use of Sociology for Teachers	120	(1)
The Relation between School and Society	121	(5)
Theoretical Perspectives	122	(1)
Functional Theories	123	(1)
Conflict Theories	124	(2)
Interactional Theories	126	(1)
Effects of Schooling on Individuals	126	(3)
Knowledge and Attitudes	126	(1)
Employment	127	(1)
Education and Mobility	128	(1)
Inside the Schools	129	(3)
Teacher Behavior	130	(1)
Student Peer Groups and Alienation	131	(1)
Education and Inequality	132	(2)
Inadequate Schools	133	(1)
Tracking	133	(1)
De Facto Segregation	133	(1)
Gender	134	(1)
Sociology and the Current Educational Crisis	134	(2)
Readings: Basil Bernstein's Theory of Peagogic Practice: Code Theory, Pedagogic Discourse and Symbolic Control	136	(11)
Alan R. Sadovnik
On Understanding the Processes of Schooling: The Contributions of Labeling Theory	147	(13)
Ray C. Rist
The Politics of Culture: Understanding Local Political Resistance to Detracking in Racially Mixed SchoolsAmy Stuart Well	160	(21)
Irene Serna
The Philosophy of Education and Its Significance for Teachers	181	(45)
The Perspective of Philosophy of Education	181	(1)
What Is Philosophy of Education?	181	(1)
The Meaning of Philosophical Inquiry	182	(1)
Particular Philosophies of Education	182	(19)
Idealism	182	(3)
Realism	185	(3)
Pragmatism	188	(5)
Existentialism and Phenomenology	193	(2)
Neo-Marxism	195	(3)
Postmodernist and Critical Theory	198	(3)
Conclusion	201	(1)
Readings: My Pedagogic Creed	202	(4)
John Dewey
Wide-Awakeness and the Moral Life	206	(7)
Maxine Greene
The Ideal of the Educated Person	213	(13)
Jane Roland Martin
Schools as Organizations and Teacher Professionalization	226	(56)
The Structure of U.S. Education	227	(4)
Governance	227	(1)
Size and Degree of Centralization	228	(1)
Student Composition	228	(1)
Degree of ``Openness''	229	(1)
Private Schools	229	(1)
Conclusion	230	(1)
International Comparisons	231	(5)
Great Britain	231	(1)
France	232	(1)
The Former Soviet Union	233	(1)
Japan	234	(1)
Germany	235	(1)
Conclusion	236	(1)
School Processes and School Cultures	236	(3)
Teachers, Teaching, and Professionalization	239	(6)
Who Become Teachers?	240	(1)
The Nature of Teaching	240	(2)
Teacher Professionalization	242	(3)
Readings: Contradictions of Reform	245	(11)
Linda M. McNeil
Primacy and Promise of Professional Development in the Nation's Education Reform Agenda: Sociological Views	256	(20)
Joan E. Talbert
The TIMSS Videotape Study	276	(6)
James W. Stigler
James Hiebert
Curriculum, Pedagogy, and the Transmission of Knowledge	282	(64)
What Do the Schools Teach?	282	(1)
The History and Philosophy of the Curriculum	283	(4)
The Politics of the Curriculum	287	(6)
The Sociology of the Curriculum	293	(5)
Multicultural Education	297	(1)
Curriculum Theory and Practice: The Reconceptualization of Curriculum Studies	298	(1)
Pedagogic Practice: How the Curriculum Is Taught	299	(1)
The Philosophy of Teaching: Differing Views on Pedagogic Practices	300	(2)
The Stratification of the Curriculum	302	(2)
The Effects of the Curriculum: What Is Learned in Schools?	304	(2)
Conclusion	306	(1)
Readings: The Politics of a National Curriculum	307	(14)
Micheal W. Apple
The Mimetic and the Transformative: Alternative Outlooks on Teaching	321	(9)
Philip W. Jackson
The Silenced Dialogue: Power and Pedagogy in Educating Other People's Children	330	(16)
Lisa D. Delpit
Equality of Opportunity and Educational Outcomes	346	(86)
Calculating Educational and Life Outcomes	347	(23)
Class	349	(1)
Race	350	(1)
Gender	350	(1)
Educational Achievement and Attainment of African American Hispanic American, and Women Students	351	(16)
Students with Special Needs	367	(2)
Conclusion	369	(1)
School Differences and Educational Outcomes	370	(10)
The Coleman Study (1966)	371	(1)
The Coleman Study (1982)	372	(1)
Conclusion	373	(7)
Educational Attainment and Economic Achievement	380	(2)
Educational and Inequality: Mobility or Reproduction?	382	(2)
Readings: Schooling, Achievement, and Mobility	384	(12)
Aaron M. Pallas
Chartering and Bartering: Elite Education and Social Reproduction	396	(16)
Caroline Hodges Persell
Peter W. Cookson, Jr.
College-for-All: Do Students Understand What College Demands?	412	(20)
James E. Rosenbaum
Explanations of Educational Inequality	432	(67)
Explanations of Unequal Educational Achievement	432	(4)
Student-Centered Explanations	436	(6)
Genetic Differences	436	(1)
Cultural Diprivation Theories	437	(1)
Cultural Difference Theories	438	(4)
School-Centered Explanations	442	(12)
School Financing	443	(3)
Effective School Research	446	(2)
Between-School Differences: Curriculum and Pedagogic Practices	448	(1)
Within-School Differences: Curriculum and Ability Grouping	449	(3)
Gender and Schooling	452	(2)
Do Schools Reproduce Inequality?	454	(3)
Readings: Keeping Track, Part 1: The Policy and Practice of Curriculum Inequality	457	(8)
Jeannie Oakes
Females + Mathematics = A Complex Equation	465	(12)
Karen Karp
Social Class Differences in Family-School Relationships: The Importance of Cultural Capital	477	(17)
Annette Lareau
A Black Student's Reflection on Public and Private Schools	494	(5)
Imani Perry
Educational Reform and School Improvement	499	(53)
Effective Teachers	499	(2)
Educational Reform in the 1980s and 1990s	501	(13)
School Choice, Charter Schools, and Tuition Vouchers	503	(4)
School-Business Partnerships	507	(1)
School-to-Work Programs	507	(1)
School-Based Management and Teacher Empowerment	508	(1)
The Effective School Movement	509	(2)
Teacher Education	511	(3)
Education in the 1990s	514	(3)
Goals 2000: Building on a Decade of Reform	516	(1)
Educational Reform in the 1980s and 1990s: Major Themes	517	(4)
The Reform of Actors and Their Roles	518	(1)
Excellence and Equity	518	(1)
The Redefinition of Good Education	519	(1)
The Creation of an Educational Marketplace	520	(1)
Redefining the Role of the Teacher	520	(1)
Conclusion	521	(1)
A Theory of Educational Problems and Reforms	521	(6)
Readings: The Politics of School Choice Research: Fact, Fiction, and Statistics	527	(13)
Jeanne M. Powers
Peter W. Cookson, Jr.
Reinventing Teaching	540	(12)
Deborah Meier
References	552	(26)
Index	578