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What is included with this book?
Detailed Contents
Alternate Contents by Genre
Preface to Instructors
About the Author
Part I Making Connections
Chapter 1 Participation: Personal Response and Critical Thinking
The Personal Dimension of Reading Literature
Personal Response and Critical Thinking
Writing to Learn
Your First Response
Checklist: Your First Response
Keeping a Journal or Reading Log
Double-Entry Journals and Logs
The Social Nature of Learning: Collaboration
Personal, Not Private
Ourselves as Readers
Different Kinds of Reading
Peter Meinke, Advice to My Son
Making Connections with Literature
Images of Ourselves
Connecting Through Experience
Paul Zimmer, Zimmer in Grade School
Culture, Experience, and Values
Connecting Through Experience
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays
Connecting Through Experience
Marge Piercy, Barbie Doll
Being in the Moment
New York Times, “Birmingham Bomb Kills 4”
Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham
Participating, Not Solving
Using Our Imaginations
The Whole and Its Parts
Chapter 2 Communication: Writing a Personal Response Essay
The Personal Response Essay
Checklist: The Basics of a Personal Response Essay
Voice and Writing
Voice and Response to Literature
Connecting Through Experience
Countee Cullen, Incident
Writing to Describe
Choosing Details
Choosing Details from Literature
Connecting Through Experience
Sandra Cisneros, Eleven
Writing to Compare
Comparing and Contrasting Using a Venn Diagram
Connecting Through Experience
Anna Quindlen, Mothers
Connecting Through Experience
Langston Hughes, Salvation
Possible Worlds
From First Response to Final Draft
The Importance of Revision
Using First or Third Person in Formal Essays
Step 1: Using Your First Response
Choosing a Topic
Brainstorming
Semantic Mapping, or Clustering
Mix and Match
Generating Ideas Through Collaboration
Step 2: Composing a Draft
Developing a Thesis Statement
Checklist: Thesis Statement
Writing Effective Paragraphs
Checklist: Paragraphs
Dierdre’s Draft
Step 3: Revising the Essay
Checklist: Revision
Revising Dierdre’s Draft
Formatting and Documenting Your Essay
Checklist: Basics for a Literary Essay
A Primer on Punctuation
Checklist: Editing and Proofreading
Step 4: Dierdre’s Revised Essay
Part II Analysis, Argumentation, and Research
Chapter 3 Exploration and Analysis: Genre and the Elements of Literature
Close Reading
Annotating the Text
First Annotation: Exploration
Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias
Second Annotation: Analysis
Literature in Its Many Contexts
Your Critical Approach
Reading and Analyzing Fiction
Narration
Point of View
Setting
Conflict
Plot
Character
Language and Style
Diction
Symbol
Irony
Theme
Checklist: Analyzing Fiction
Getting Ideas for Writing About Fiction
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour
Reading and Analyzing Poetry
Billy Collins, Introduction to Poetry
Language and Style
Denotation and Connotation
Voice
Tone
Irony
Stephen Crane, War Is Kind
Imagery
Helen Chasin, The Word Plum
Robert Browning, Meeting at Night
Parting at Morning
Figurative Language: Everyday Poetry
Langston Hughes, A Dream Deferred
N. Scott Momaday, Simile
Carl Sandburg, Fog
James Stephens, The Wind Symbol
Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken
Sound and Structure
Alliteration, Assonance, and Rhyme
Rhyme and Rhythm: Limericks
Haiku Poetry: Chiyojo, Basho, Buson, Matsushita, Brutschy
Meter
Formal Verse: The Sonnet
Francis Petrarch, The Eyes that Drew from Me
William Shakespeare, Sonnet No. 29
Blank Verse
Free or Open Form Verse
Walt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer
Interpretation: What Does the Poem Mean?
Explication
Types of Poetry
Lyric Poetry
Narrative Poetry
Checklist: Analyzing Poetry
Getting Ideas for Writing About Poetry
May Swenson, Pigeon Woman
Reading and Analyzing Drama
Reading a Play
Point of View
Set and Setting
Conflict
Plot
The Poetics
Tragedy
Comedy
Characterization
Language and Style
Diction
Symbol
Irony
Theme
Periods of Drama: A Brief Background
Greek Drama
Shakespearean Drama
Tips on Reading the Language of Shakespeare
Modern Drama
Checklist: Analyzing Drama
Getting Ideas for Writing About Drama
Edith Hamilton, from The Royal House of Thebes: “Oedipus”
Tips on Reading Antigone
Sophocles, Antigone
Reading and Analyzing Essays
Types of Essays
Narrative
Expository
Argumentative
Language, Style, and Structure
Formal or Informal
Voice
Irony
Word Choice and Style
Theme: What’s the Point?
The Aims of an Essay: Inform, Preach, or Reveal
Checklist: Analyzing Essays
Getting Ideas for Writing About the Essay
Amy Tan, Mother Tongue
Chapter 4 Argumentation: Writing a Critical Essay
The Critical Essay
Suzanne’s Response to Antigone
Interpretation and Evaluation
Interpretation: What Does It Mean?
Evaluation: How Well Does It Work?
Options for a Critical Essay: Process and Product
Checklist: Options for a Critical Essay
An Analytical Essay
A Comparative Essay
A Thematic Essay
A Philosophical or Ethical Evaluation
A Contextual Essay
Argumentation: Writing a Critical Essay
Other Models: Classical, Toulmin, and Rogerian
The Shape of an Argument
Checklist: Writing a Critical Essay
Planning Your Argument
Supporting Your Argument: Induction and Substantiation
Opening, Closing, and Revising Your Argument
The Development of a Critical Essay
Step 1: Using Your First Response
Step 2: Composing a Draft
Suzanne’s Draft
Step 3: Revising the Essay
Step 4: Suzanne’s Revised Essay
Chapter 5 Research: Writing with Secondary Sources
The Research Essay
Creating, Expanding, and Joining Interpretive Communities
It Is Your Interpretation
Getting Started
Choosing a Topic
Some Popular Areas of Literary Research
Your Search
Peer Support
The Library
Reference Works
Some Other Encyclopedias and Indexes Useful for Literary Research
Some Bibliographies, Indexes, and Abstracts Useful for Literary Research Finding Sources on the Internet
Some Internet Sources Useful for Literary Research
Evaluating Internet Sources
Checklist: Evaluating Internet Sources
Taking Notes
Integrating Sources into Your Writing
What Must Be Documented
Where and How
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Quoting
Avoiding Plagiarism
Examples of Paraphrasing, Summarizing, Quoting, and Plagiarizing
From First Response to Research Essay
Checklist: Writing a Research Essay
Case Study in Research
James Joyce and “Eveline”
Step 1: Using Your First Response
James Joyce, Eveline
Step 2: Composing a Draft
Professor Devenish’s Commentary
Kevin’s Motivation and Process
Step 3: Revising the Essay
Step 4: Kevin’s Revised Essay
Part III A Thematic Anthology
Family and Friends
A Dialogue Across History
Family and Friends: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs
Reading and Writing About Family and Friends
Fiction
Connecting Through Comparison: Sibling Relationships
James Baldwin, Sonny’s Blues
Louise Erdrich, The Red Convertible
Other Stories
Chinua Achebe, Marriage Is a Private Affair
John Cheever, Reunion
Linda Ching Sledge, The Road
Connecting Through Comparison: Parent and Children
Amy Tan, Two Kinds
Poetry
Julia Alvarez, Dusting
Janice Mirikitani, For My Father
Theodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz
Cathy Song, The Youngest Daughter
Other Poems
Margaret Atwood, Siren Song
Robert Frost, Mending Wall
Seamus Heaney, Digging
Philip Larkin, This Be the Verse
Li-Young Lee, The Gift
Sharon Olds, 35/10
Susan Musgrave, You Didn’t Fit
William Stafford, Friends
Connecting Through Comparison: Remembrance
Elizabeth Gaffney, Losses That Turn Up in Dreams
William Shakespeare, When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought (Sonnet No. 30)
Drama
Essays
bell hooks, Inspired Eccentricity
Graphic narrative: Marjane Satrapi from PERSEPOLIS
Case Study in Biographical Context
Lorraine Hansberry and A Raisin in the Sun
Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun
Lorraine Hansberry–In Her Own Words
In Others’ Words
James Baldwin, Sweet Lorraine
Julius Lester, The Heroic Dimension in A Raisin in the Sun
Anne Cheney, The African Heritage in A Raisin in the Sun
Steven R. Carter, Hansberry’s Artistic Misstep
Margaret B. Wilkerson, Hansberry’s Awareness of Culture and Gender
Michael Anderson, A Raisin in the Sun: A Landmark Lesson in Being Black
A Student’s Research Essay
Exploring the Literature of Family and Friends: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research
Writing About Connections Across Themes
Collaboration: Writing and Revising with Your Peers
A Writing/Research Portfolio Option
Innocence and Experience
A Dialogue Across History
Innocence and Experience: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs
Reading and Writing About Innocence and Experience
Fiction
Connecting Through Comparison: Illusion and Disillusion
Liliana Heker, The Stolen Party
James Joyce, Araby
Other Stories
Julia Alvarez, Snow
Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson
Thomas Bulfinch, The Myth of Daedalus and Icarus
Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal
Haruki Murakami, On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Colum McCann, Everything in this Country Must
Two Readers–Two Different Views: Exploring A&P and Making Connections
John Updike, A&P
Two Student Essays–Two Different Views
Poetry
Connecting Through Comparison: The City
William Blake, London
William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802
Connecting Through Comparison: The Chimney Sweepers
William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper (From Songs of Innocence)
The Chimney Sweeper (From Songs of Experience)
Other Poems
A. E. Housman, When I Was One-and-Twenty
Alberto Rios, In Second Grade Miss Lee I Promised Never to Forget You and I Never Did
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory
Anne Sexton, Pain for a Daughter
Walt Whitman, There Was a Child Went Forth
Stephen Crane, The Wayfarer
Connecting Through Comparison: The Death of a Child
Robert Frost, “Out, Out. . .”
Seamus Heaney, Mid-Term Break
Essays
Judith Ortiz Cofer, I Fell in Love, or My Hormones Awakened
David Sedaris, The Learning Curve
Case Study in Theatrical Context
Hamlet and Performance
Interpretation and Performance
Multiple Interpretations of Hamlet
William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Desperately Seeking Hamlet: Four Interpretations
Olivier’s Hamlet
Jacobi’s Hamlet
Gibson’s Hamlet
Branagh’s Hamlet
From Part to Whole, from Whole to Part
A Student’s Critical Essay–Explication/Analysis of the “To be, or not to be” Soliloquy
A Critic’s Influential Interpretation
Ernest Jones, Hamlet’s Oedipus Complex
Hamlet On Screen
Bernice W. Kliman, The BBC Hamlet
Claire Bloom, Playing Gertrude on Television
Stanley Kauffmann, Branagh’s Hamlet
Russell Jackson, A Film Diary of the Shooting of Kenneth Branagh’s Hamlet
Exploring the Literature of Innocence and Experience: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research
Writing About Connections Across Themes
Collaboration: Writing and Revising with Your Peers
A Writing/Research Portfolio Option
Case Study in Aesthetic Context
Poetry and Painting
Making Connections with Painting and Poetry
Pieter Brueghel the Elder: Landscape with the Fall of Icarus
W. H. Auden: Musée des Beaux Arts
Alan Devenish: Icarus Again
Lun Yi Tsai Disbelief
Lucille Clifton--tuesday 9/11/01
Edward Hopper: Nighthawks
Samuel Yellen: Nighthawks
Vincent van Gogh: Starry Night
Anne Sexton: The Starry Night
Henri Matisse: Dance
Natalie Safir: Matisse’s Dance
Kitagawa utamaro: Two Women Dressing Their Hair
Cathy Song: Beauty and Sadness
Edwin Romanzo Elmer: Mourning Picture
Adrienne Rich: Mourning Picture
Jan Vermeer: The Loveletter
Sandra Nelson: When a Woman Holds a Letter
A Student’s Comparison and Contrast Essay: Process and Product
Exploring Poetry and Painting: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research
Women and Men
A Dialogue Across History
Women and Men: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs
Reading and Writing About Women and Men
Fiction
Robert Olen Butler, Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper
Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White Elephants
D. H. Lawrence, The Horse Dealer’s Daughter
Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh
Rosario Morales, The Day It Happened
Poetry
Connecting Through Comparison: Be My Love
Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
Walter Raleigh, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd
Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress
Other Poems
Maya Angelou, Phenomenal Woman
Margaret Atwood, You Fit into Me
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee?
Robert Browning, Porphyria’s Lover
Nikki Giovanni, Woman
Sharon Olds, Rite of Passage
Judy Grahn, Ella, in a Square Apron, Along Highway
Donald Hall, The Wedding Couple
Essex Hemphill, Commitments
Michael Lassell, How to Watch Your Brother Die
Edna St. Vincent Millay, What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, and Where, and Why Love Is Not All
Sharon Olds, Sex Without Love
Octavio Paz, Two Bodies
Sylvia Plath, Mirror
Connecting Through Comparison: Shall I Compare Thee?
William Shakespeare, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? (Sonnet No. 18)
My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun (Sonnet No. 130)
Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?
Connecting and Comparing Across Genres: Cinderella
Jacob Ludwig Karl Grimm and Wilhelm Karl Grimm, Cinderella
Anne Sexton, Cinderella
Bruno Bettelheim, Cinderella
Drama
Anton Chekhov, The Proposal
Connecting and Comparing Across Genres: Fiction and Drama
Susan Glaspell, Trifles
A Jury of Her Peers
Essays
Steven Doloff, The Opposite Sex
Virginia Woolf, If Shakespeare Had a Sister
Case Study in Historical Context
Women in Culture and History
Henrik Ibsen, A Doll’s House
The Adams Letters
A Husband’s Letter to His Wife
Sojourner Truth, Ain’t I a Woman
Henrik Ibsen, Notes for the Modern Tragedy
The Changed Ending of A Doll’s House for a German Production
Speech at the Banquet of the Norwegian League for Women’s Rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Excerpt from “The Solitude of Self”
Wilbur Fisk Tillett, Excerpt from “Southern Womanhood”
Dorothy Dix, The American Wife
Women and Suicide
Charlotte Perkins Stetson (Gilman), Excerpt from “Women and Economics”
Natalie Zemon Davis and Jill Ker Conway, The Rest of the Story
A Student’s Personal Response Essay
A Student’s Critical Essay
A Student’s Research Essay
Exploring the Literature of Women and Men: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research
Writing About Connections Across Themes
Collaboration: Writing and Revising with Your Peers
A Writing/Research Portfolio Option
Culture and Identity
A Dialogue Across History
Culture and Identity: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs
Reading and Writing About Culture and Identity
Fiction
José Armas, EI Tonto del Barrio
Kate Chopin, Désirée’s Baby
William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily
Jamaica Kincaid, Girl
Thomas King, Borders
Gabriel Garcia Marquez, The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World
Tahira Naqvi, Brave We Are
Alice Walker, Everyday Use
Poetry
Connecting Through Comparison: The Mask We Wear
W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen
Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask
T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
Other Poems
Sherman Alexie, Evolution
Gloria Anzaldúa, To Live in the Borderlands Means You
Elizabeth Bishop, In the Waiting Room
Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool
e. e. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town
Martin Espada, Coca-Cola and Coco Frío
Connecting Through Comparison: Immigration
Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus
Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Learning to Love America
Pat Mora, Immigrants
John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player
William Carlos Williams, At the Ball Game
William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree
Drama
Connecting through Comparison: Modern Realism and Parody
Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie
Christopher Durang, For Whom the Southern Belle Tolls
Connecting through Comparison: Political Satire across Time and Genre
Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal
Luis Valdez, Los Vendidos
Essays
Connecting Through Comparison: Work and Identity
Richard Rodriguez, Workers
Marge Piercy, To Be of Use
Other Essays
Frederick Douglass, Learning to Read and Write
Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have a Dream
Henry David Thoreau, From Civil Disobedience
Case Study in Cultural Context
Writers of the Harlem Renaissance
Alain Locke, The New Negro
Langston Hughes, From The Big Sea
The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
I, Too
The Weary Blues
One Friday Morning
Theme for English B
Claude McKay, America
Gwendolyn B. Bennett, Heritage
Jean Toomer, Reapers
Countee Cullen, Yet Do I Marvel
From the Dark Tower
Anne Spencer, Lady, Lady
Georgia Douglas Johnson, I Want to Die While You Love Me
Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat
Commentary on “The Negro Speaks of Rivers”
Langston Hughes
Jessie Fauset
Onwuchekwa Jemie
R. Baxter Miller
Alice Walker, Zora Neale Hurston: A Cautionary Tale and a Partisan View
A Student’s Critical Essay
Exploring the Literature of Culture and Identity: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research
Writing About Connections Across Themes
Collaboration: Writing and Revising with Your Peers
A Writing/Research Portfolio Option
Faith and Doubt
A Dialogue Across History
Faith and Doubt: Exploring Your Own Values and Beliefs
Reading and Writing About Faith and Doubt
Fiction
Raymond Carver, Cathedral
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown
Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried
Flannery O’Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Poetry
Connecting Through Comparison: Facing Our Own Mortality
John Donne, Death, Be Not Proud
John Keats, When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be
Mary Oliver, When Death Comes
Connecting Through Comparison: Nature and Humanity
Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach
Robert Bridges, London Snow
Robert Frost, Fire and Ice
Galway Kinnell, Saint Francis and the Sow
William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark
Walt Whitman, Song of Myself
Connecting Through Comparison: September
Deborah Garrison, I Saw You Walking
Brian Doyle, Leap
Billy Collins, The Names
Connecting Through Comparison: Belief in a Supreme Being
Stephen Crane, A Man Said to the Universe
Thomas Hardy, Hap
Connecting Through Comparison: The Impact of War
Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est
Carl Sandburg, Grass
Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It
Connecting Through Comparison: Responding to the Deaths of Others
Mark Doty, Brilliance
A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young
Pablo Neruda, The Dead Woman
Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
Drama
David Mamet, Oleanna
John Millington Synge, Riders to the Sea
Anton Chekhov, The Swan Song
John Galsworthy, The Sun
Essays
Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus
Plato, The Allegory of the Cave
Philip Simmons, Learning to Fall
Case Study in Contextual Criticism
The Poetry of Emily Dickinson
Her Life
Her Work
The Poems
Success is counted sweetest
Faith is a fine invention
There’s a certain Slant of light
I like a look of Agony
Wild Nights–Wild Nights!
The Brain–is wider than the Sky–
Much Madness is divinest Sense–
I’ve seen a Dying Eye
I heard a Fly buzz–when I died–
After great pain, a formal feeling comes–
Some keep the Sabbath going to Church–
This World is not Conclusion
There is a pain–so utter–
Because I could not stop for Death–
The Bustle in a House
Tell all the Truth but tell it slant–
Emily Dickinson–In Her Own Words
To Susan Gilbert (Dickinson) (1852)
To T. W. Higginson (1862)
In Others’ Words
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, On Meeting Dickinson for the First Time (1870)
Mabel Loomis Todd, The Character of Amherst (1881)
Richard Wilbur, On Dickinson’s Sense of Privation (1960)
Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar, On Dickinson’s White Dress (1979)
Critical Commentary on Her Poetry
Helen McNeil, Dickinson’s Method
Cynthia Griffin Wolff, On the Many Voices in Dickinson’s Poetry
Allen Tate, On “Because I could not stop for Death”
Paula Bennett, On “I heard a Fly buzz–when I died–”
Poems About Emily Dickinson
Linda Pastan, Emily Dickinson
Billy Collins, Taking Off Emily Dickinson’s Clothes
A Student’s Critical Essay
Exploring the Literature of Faith and Doubt: Options for Making Connections, Building Arguments, and Using Research
Using Research
Writing About Connections Across Themes
Collaboration: Writing and Revising with Your Peers
A Writing/Research Portfolio Option
Appendix A: Critical Approaches to Literature
Appendix B: Writing About Film
Appendix C: Documentation
Glossary of Literary Terms
Literary and Photo Credits
Index of Author Names, Titles, and First Lines of Poems
Index of Terms
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