Falling Behind Explaining the Development Gap Between Latin America and the United States

by Fukuyama, Francis

• ISBN13: 9780195368826
• ISBN10: 0195368827
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-08-11
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

In 1700, Latin America and British North America were roughly equal in economic terms. Yet over the next three centuries, the United States gradually pulled away from Latin America, and today the gap between the two is huge. Why did this happen? Was it culture? Geography? Economic policies? Natural resources? Differences in political development? The question has occupied scholars for decades, and the debate remains a hot one. In Falling Behind , Francis Fukuyama gathers together some of the world's leading scholars on the subject to explain the nature of the gap and how it came to be. Tracing the histories of development over the past four hundred years and focusing in particular on the policies of the last fifty years, the contributors conclude that while many factors are important, economic policies and political systems are at the root of the divide. While the gap is deeply rooted in history, there have been times when it closed a bit as a consequence of policies chosen in places ranging from Chile to Argentina. Bringing to light these policy success stories, Fukuyama and the contributors offer a way forward for Latin American nations and improve their prospects for economic growth and stable political development. Given that so many attribute the gap to either vast cultural differences or the consequences of U.S. economic domination, Falling Behind is sure to stir debate. And, given the pressing importance of the subject in light of economic globalization and the immigration debate, its expansive, in-depth portrait of the hemisphere's development will be a welcome intervention in the conversation.

Author Biography

Francis Fukuyama is Bernard L. Schwartz Professor of International Political Economy and Director of the International Development Program at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at the Johns Hopkins University. An internationally renowned author and scholar, his books include The End of History and the Last Man, State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century, and America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 3
The Historical Context
Two Centuries of South American Reflections on the Development Gap between the United States and Latin America	p. 11
Looking at Them: A Mexican Perspective on the Gap with the United States	p. 48
Explaining Latin America's Lagging Development in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: Growth Strategies, Inequality, and Economic Crises	p. 72
The Politics of Underdevelopment in Latin America
Does Politics Explain the Economic Gap between the United States and Latin America?	p. 99
The Role of High-Stakes Politics in Latin America's Development Gap	p. 134
Institutional Factors in Latin America's Development
The Latin American Equilibrium	p. 161
Do Defective Institutions Explain the Development Gap between the United States and Latin America?	p. 194
Why Institutions Matter: Fiscal Citizenship in Argentina and the United States	p. 222
Conclusion	p. 268
Contributors	p. 297
Index	p. 301
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