Family Law: Cases, Comments and Questions

by Krause, Harry D.; Elrod, Linda D.; Garrison, Marsha; Oldham, J. Thomas; Krause, Harry D.

• ISBN13: 9780314263773
• ISBN10: 0314263772
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-07-01
• Publisher: West Group

Summary

The text of this book addresses many novel and interesting questions relating to family law. The book also focuses on matters that are of the most practical importance to those who practice family law. Includes definitions, policy and trends of American family law together with the regulation, rights, and obligations of marriage.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Acknowledgments	vii
Table of Cases	xxv
American Family Law: Definitions, Policy and Trends	1	(32)
The New Family and the New Family Law	1	(9)
The New Family	1	(1)
Mary Ann Glendon, The New Family and the New Property	1	(8)
Notes and Questions	9	(1)
A Family by Any Name?	10	(9)
Moore v. City of East Cleveland, Ohio	11	(3)
Notes and Questions	14	(5)
The Federal Tradition of Non--Involvement---The Tenth Amendment and More	19	(8)
Ankenbrandt v. Richards	20	(4)
Notes and Questions	24	(3)
The Future---And Inevitability---Of Federal Involvement in Family Law	27	(6)
Executive Order 12,606 of September 2, 1987	28	(1)
Notes and Questions	29	(4)
The Regulation of Marriage	33	(65)
A Brief History of Marriage Regulation	33	(2)
Constitutional Limitations on State Marriage Regulation	35	(10)
Zablocki v. Redhail	35	(8)
Notes and Questions	43	(2)
Substantive Requirements for Entering Marriage	45	(28)
Void and Voidable Marriages	45	(1)
One at a Time	46	(1)
Potter v. Murray City	47	(3)
Notes and Questions	50	(2)
Of Different Sexes	52	(1)
Baehr v. Lewin	52	(7)
Notes and Questions	59	(5)
Unrelated by Blood	64	(1)
7 International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences	64	(4)
Israel v. Allen	68	(1)
Notes and Questions	69	(1)
Of Sufficient Age	70	(1)
Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act § 205	70	(1)
Moe v. Dinkins	71	(2)
Substantive Requirements for Entering Marriage---Continued Notes and Questions	73	(3)
In Proper Health and With Good Genes?	74	(1)
The Dawning of the Brave New World---Legal, Ethical, And Social Issues of Eugenics	74	(1)
William Vukowich
Notes and Questions	75	(1)
Procedures Relating to Entry Into Marriage	76	(9)
Consent to Marry	76	(1)
Capacity to Contract	76	(1)
Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act § 208	76	(1)
Larson v. Larson	77	(1)
Notes and Questions	78	(1)
Intent to Contract	78	(1)
Smith v. I.N.S.	79	(2)
Solemnization and Licensing	81	(1)
Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act	81	(1)
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 14--2--109	82	(1)
Carabetta v. Carabetta	82	(2)
Notes and Questions	84	(1)
Exceptions to the Formal Requirements	85	(13)
Common Law Marriage	85	(1)
P. Bromley, Family Law	85	(3)
In re Estate of Keimig	88	(4)
Notes and Questions	92	(2)
The Putative Spouse Doctrine	94	(1)
Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act § 209	94	(1)
In re Estate of Vargas	94	(2)
Notes and Questions	96	(2)
The Meaning of Marriage---Rights and Obligations, Lost and Gained	98	(78)
Marital Ideals: From Patriarchy to Equality	98	(4)
The Family in the Western World: From the Black Death to the Industrial Age	98	(4)
Beatrice Gottlieb
Ownership and Control of Property During Marriage	102	(18)
Common Law States	102	(1)
Law Commission (London)	102	(2)
Community Property States	104	(1)
In General	104	(1)
Tex. Fam. Code	105	(1)
Ariz. Rev. Stat.	105	(1)
Uniform Marital Property Act	105	(1)
Notes and Questions	106	(1)
Management of Community Property	107	(1)
Tex. Fam. Code	107	(1)
Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 25--214	108	(1)
Cal. Fam. Code	108	(2)
Martin v. Martin	110	(2)
Notes and Questions	112	(1)
Andrews v. Andrews	113	(1)
Notes and Questions	114	(1)
``Til Death Us Do Part'': Spousal Property Rights at Death	115	(3)
Some Concluding Thoughts	118	(2)
Spousal Support Obligations During Marriage	120	(15)
Spousal Support Claims	120	(1)
McGuire v. McGuire	120	(4)
Notes and Questions	124	(2)
Creditors' Rights	126	(1)
Sharpe Furniture, Inc. v. Buckstaff	126	(4)
Notes and Questions	130	(1)
Private Support Obligations, Public Benefits	131	(1)
Septuagenarian v. Septuagenarian	131	(3)
Notes and Questions	134	(1)
Names	135	(5)
Kruzel v. Podell	135	(3)
Notes and Questions	138	(2)
Medical and Procreative Decision Making	140	(12)
Medical Decision Making for an Incompetent Spouse	140	(1)
Conservatorship of Wendland	140	(5)
Notes and Questions	145	(3)
Procreative Decision Making	148	(1)
Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth	148	(2)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey	150	(1)
Notes and Questions	151	(1)
Torts and Crime	152	(24)
Tort Actions Between Husband And Wife	152	(1)
Notes and Questions	153	(1)
Heart Balm Actions	153	(1)
Torts Against Others: Spousal Consortium Claims	154	(1)
Crimes by One Spouse Against Another	155	(1)
Marital Rape	155	(1)
Warren v. State	155	(2)
Notes and Questions	157	(1)
Burglary and the Marital Home	158	(1)
Cladd v. State	158	(2)
Notes and Questions	160	(2)
Domestic Violence	162	(1)
Developments in the Law---Legal Responses to Domestic Violence	162	(4)
Notes and Questions	166	(4)
Marriage and the Law of Evidence	170	(1)
Trammel v. United States	170	(3)
Notes and Questions	173	(3)
Marital Agreements	176	(44)
Marriage: Contract or Status?	176	(3)
Maynard v. Hill	176	(1)
Walton v. Walton	177	(1)
Notes and Questions	178	(1)
Variability of the Marriage Status by Agreement Before Marriage	179	(31)
Validity of Premarital Agreements	179	(1)
Procedural Fairness	180	(1)
DeLorean v. DeLorean	181	(4)
Notes and Questions	185	(2)
Substantive Fairness	187	(1)
Restatement (Second) of Contracts (1981)	187	(1)
Gross v. Gross	188	(6)
Notes and Questions	194	(2)
Uniform Premarital Agreement Act	196	(2)
Notes and Questions	198	(3)
Different Approaches to Unconscionability	201	(4)
Conflicts of Law Aspects of Premarital Agreements	205	(1)
Incorporating Noneconomic Provisions in a Premarital Agreement	206	(1)
The Marriage Contract	206	(2)
Lenore J. Weitzman
Notes and Questions	208	(2)
Variability of the Marital Status by Agreement During Marriage	210	(10)
Borelli v. Brusseau	210	(3)
Notes and Questions	213	(3)
Curry v. Curry	216	(1)
Note and Questions	217	(3)
Nonmarital Relationships---Rights and Obligations	220	(40)
Disputes Between Cohabitants	220	(23)
Marvin v. Marvin	222	(7)
Notes and Questions	229	(3)
Hewitt v. Hewitt	232	(5)
Notes and Questions	237	(1)
Connell v. Francisco	237	(4)
Notes and Questions	241	(2)
Cohabitation Per Statute---The Future of the Cohabitation Alternative?	243	(6)
Notes and Questions	247	(2)
Disputes Between Dating Partners	249	(11)
Engagement Disputes	249	(1)
Breach of Promise to Marry	249	(1)
Engagement Gifts	250	(1)
In re Marriage of Heinzman	250	(2)
Notes and Questions	252	(1)
Applicability of Marvin to Dating Partners	252	(1)
Cochran v. Cochran	252	(6)
Questions	258	(2)
Becoming a Parent: Contraception, Abortion, And Paternity Establishment	260	(56)
Contraception and Abortion	260	(26)
Griswold v. Connecticut	261	(4)
Notes and Questions	265	(3)
Roe v. Wade	268	(6)
Notes and Questions	274	(2)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey	276	(5)
Notes and Questions	281	(5)
Paternity	286	(30)
The Presumption of Legitimacy	286	(1)
Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book 1	286	(1)
William Blackstone
Michael H. v. Gerald D.	287	(8)
Notes and Questions	295	(6)
Removing the Stigma of Illegitimacy	301	(1)
Levy v. Louisiana	301	(2)
Notes and Questions	303	(3)
Establishing Paternity	306	(1)
Hanson v. Hanson	307	(1)
Notes and Questions	308	(2)
G.E.B. v. S.R.W.	310	(3)
Notes and Questions	313	(3)
Adoption	316	(48)
The Changing Face of Adoption Practice	316	(4)
Consent to Adoption	320	(25)
Consent by Birth Mothers	320	(1)
In re J.M.P.	320	(7)
Notes and Questions	327	(2)
The Unmarried Father	329	(1)
Lehr v. Robertson et al.	329	(5)
Adoption of Kelsey S.	334	(6)
Notes and Questions	340	(5)
Adoption Restrictions and Conditions	345	(14)
Adoption of Vito	345	(8)
Notes and Questions	353	(6)
The Baby Market: Gray and Black	359	(5)
In the Matter of the Adoption of a Child by N.P. & F.P.	359	(1)
Notes and Questions	360	(4)
Assisted Reproduction	364	(56)
The Status of the Preembryo	365	(17)
Progenitor Rights	365	(1)
Davis v. Davis	365	(8)
Notes and Questions	373	(1)
IVF Contracts: Are They Enforceable?	374	(5)
Notes and Questions	379	(3)
Parental Rights and Obligations	382	(30)
Artificial Insemination	384	(1)
Jhordan C. v. Mary K.	385	(6)
Notes and Questions	391	(3)
IVF and Surrogacy	394	(1)
Johnson v. Calvert	394	(5)
In re Moschetta	399	(3)
In re Buzzanca	402	(5)
Notes and Questions	407	(5)
Toward a Legislative Framework	412	(8)
Constitutional Requirements	413	(4)
Postmortem Use of Reproductive Technology	417	(3)
Child, Parent, And State: Rights and Obligations	420	(92)
Children's Rights and Legal Status	420	(13)
Kingsley v. Kingsley	421	(4)
Notes and Questions	425	(2)
William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England	427	(2)
Foster & Freed, A Bill of Rights for Children	429	(1)
Note and Questions	429	(4)
Education	433	(10)
Wisconsin v. Yoder	433	(6)
Notes and Questions	439	(4)
Medical Decision Making	443	(29)
Constitutional Standards	443	(1)
Parham v. J. R.	443	(7)
Notes and Questions	450	(1)
In re Green	451	(4)
Notes and Questions	455	(6)
The ``Mature'' Minor	461	(1)
Carey v. Population Services International et al.	462	(3)
Notes and Questions	465	(2)
The Neonate	467	(1)
Maine Medical Center v. Houle	467	(2)
Notes and Questions	469	(3)
Child Abuse and Neglect	472	(40)
An Overview of the Child Welfare System	473	(1)
Child Welfare Decisionmaking: In Search of the Least Drastic Alternative	473	(2)
Marsha Garrison
What Constitutes Neglect?	475	(1)
In re T.G., C.G., D.G., and D.G., D.F., and E.G.	475	(7)
Notes and Questions	482	(4)
Wisconsin ex. rel. Angela M.W. v. Kruzicki	486	(5)
Notes and Questions	491	(4)
Termination of Parental Rights	495	(1)
In the Interest of M.M.L.	495	(6)
In the Matter of the Guardianship of J.C., J.C., and J.M.C., Minors	501	(6)
Notes and Questions	507	(5)
The Lawyer's Role in Family Disputes	512	(39)
Family Law as a Specialty	512	(2)
Regulating the Lawyer--Client Relationship	514	(21)
Avoiding Conflicts of Interest	515	(1)
Dual Representation	515	(1)
In re Marriage of Egedi	515	(5)
Notes and Questions	520	(2)
The Unrepresented Litigant	522	(1)
Setting the Fee	522	(1)
V.W. v. J.B.	523	(4)
Notes and Questions	527	(1)
Duties to the Client	528	(1)
Competence and Diligence	528	(1)
Deference to the Client's Decisions	529	(1)
Florida Bar v. Susan K. Glant	529	(3)
Notes and Questions	532	(1)
Confidentiality	532	(1)
Sex with Clients	533	(1)
Notes and Questions	534	(1)
Duties to Opposing Parties and Counsel	534	(1)
Communication with Other Parties	534	(1)
Fair Bargaining	534	(1)
Malpractice	535	(8)
Liability to the Client	535	(1)
Grayson v. Wofsey, Rosen, Kweskin and Kuriansky	535	(6)
Notes and Questions	541	(1)
Liability to Third Parties	542	(1)
Scholler v. Scholler	542	(1)
Notes and Questions	543	(1)
Criticisms of Divorce Lawyers and the Divorce Process	543	(8)
The Process Is too Adversarial	544	(1)
Negotiation Ethics: How to Be Deceptive Without Being Dishonest/How to Be Assertive Without Being Offensive	545	(3)
Charles B. Craver
Tex. Fam. Code § 6.603 Collaborative Law	548	(1)
Notes and Questions	548	(1)
The Process Is too Expensive	549	(1)
The Process Takes too Long	550	(1)
Divorce and Divorce Substitutes	551	(37)
A Brief History of Divorce	552	(5)
Grounds for Divorce	557	(14)
Fault Divorce	557	(2)
Lynch v. Lynch	559	(1)
Capps v. Capps	559	(2)
Notes and Questions	561	(1)
Fault Divorce Defenses	562	(1)
Hollis v. Hollis	562	(1)
Notes and Questions	563	(1)
No--Fault Divorce	564	(1)
No--Fault Grounds	564	(1)
Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act	564	(1)
Notes and Questions	565	(1)
What Constitutes Irretrievable Breakdown	566	(1)
Hagerty v. Hagerty	566	(2)
Notes and Questions	568	(1)
What Constitutes Separation	568	(1)
Wife S. v. Husband S.	568	(1)
Notes and Questions	569	(1)
Summary Divorce Procedures	570	(1)
The Current Debate: What Divorce Law Do We Want?	571	(10)
The Law Commission (London), Facing the Future: A Discussion Paper On The Ground for Divorce	571	(10)
Alternatives to Divorce	581	(3)
Separate Maintenance and Divorce From Bed and Board	581	(1)
Annulment	581	(3)
Access to Divorce	584	(4)
Is There a Constitutional Right to Divorce?	584	(1)
Boddie v. Connecticut	584	(2)
Notes and Questions	586	(2)
Jurisdiction Over Family Disputes	588	(61)
Jurisdiction Over Divorce	588	(15)
Conflict of Laws	588	(4)
Peter Hay
Sosna v. Iowa	592	(3)
Notes and Questions	595	(1)
In re Estate of Steffke	596	(2)
Kazin v. Kazin	598	(2)
Notes and Questions	600	(3)
Personal Jurisdiction	603	(8)
Kulko v. Superior Court of California	603	(6)
Notes and Questions	609	(2)
Interstate Modification and Enforcement of Support Awards	611	(8)
Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (2001)	612	(5)
Notes and Questions	617	(2)
Interstate Child Custody Jurisdiction	619	(16)
The Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act (UCCJA) and the Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act (PKPA)	619	(2)
Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act	621	(2)
Greenlaw v. Smith	623	(5)
Notes and Questions	628	(1)
The Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA)	628	(5)
Notes and Questions	633	(2)
The Hague Convention	635	(14)
Mozes v. Mozes	635	(3)
Notes and Questions	638	(1)
Friedrich v. Friedrich	638	(8)
Notes and Questions	646	(3)
Child Custody on Divorce	649	(102)
What Rights for Children?	650	(9)
The Law Commission (London), Facing the Future: A Discussion Paper on the Ground for Divorce	650	(1)
Notes and Questions	651	(2)
Miller v. Miller	653	(4)
Notes and Questions	657	(2)
Parent v. Parent---Determining the Best Interests of the Child	659	(28)
Child Custody Adjudication: Judicial Functions in the Face of Indeterminacy	660	(1)
Robert H. Mnookin
Notes and Questions	661	(1)
Prohibited Factors: Gender and Race	662	(1)
Ex Parte Devine	662	(2)
Notes and Questions	664	(2)
Palmore v. Sidoti	666	(2)
Notes and Questions	668	(1)
The Role of Religion and Parental ``Life--Style''	669	(1)
In re Marriage of Wang	669	(3)
Notes and Questions	672	(1)
Fulk v. Fulk	673	(2)
Notes and Questions	675	(1)
The Role of Domestic Violence	676	(1)
Owan v. Owan	676	(4)
Notes and Questions	680	(2)
The Role of the ``Expert''	682	(1)
Jones v. Jones	683	(2)
Notes and Questions	685	(2)
Alternatives to the Best Interests Standard---Solving or Compounding the Dilemma?	687	(18)
The Primary Caretaker Presumption	687	(1)
Garska v. McCoy	687	(3)
Notes and Questions	690	(1)
Joint Custody	691	(1)
Beck v. Beck	691	(5)
Dominant Discourse, Professional Language, and Legal Change in Child Custody Decisionmaking	696	(1)
Martha A. Fineman
Notes and Questions	697	(8)
Access and Visitation Rights of the Nonresidential Parent	705	(6)
Schutz v. Schutz	705	(2)
Notes and Questions	707	(4)
Nonparent Custody and Visitation	711	(26)
Painter v. Bannister	712	(6)
Notes and Questions	718	(3)
Troxel v. Granville	721	(9)
Notes and Questions	730	(7)
Modifying a Custody Order	737	(14)
O'Connor v. O'Connor	740	(8)
Notes and Questions	748	(3)
Property Division at Divorce	751	(65)
An Overview	751	(2)
Defining and Valuing Marital Property	753	(51)
Separate v. Marital: When and How Was the Property Acquired?	753	(1)
Giha v. Giha	753	(3)
Notes and Questions	756	(1)
Shea v. Shea	757	(2)
O'Neill v. O'Neill	759	(1)
Notes and Questions	760	(1)
Separate v. Marital: Apportionment, Commingling, Tracing, and Transmutation	761	(1)
Brown v. Brown	761	(1)
Cockrill v. Cockrill	761	(2)
Notes and Questions	763	(2)
Acquisitions Over Time	765	(1)
Brandenburg v. Brandenburg	765	(2)
Notes and Questions	767	(1)
Insurance Proceeds and Tort Claims	768	(1)
Trahan v. Trahan	768	(1)
Andrle v. Andrle	769	(1)
Notes and Questions	770	(1)
Pension Benefits and Other Employee Compensation	771	(1)
Basic Terminology	771	(1)
Apportionment	772	(1)
Taggart v. Taggart	772	(2)
Notes and Questions	774	(2)
Payment	776	(2)
Federal Retirement Benefits and Other Federal Preemption Issues	778	(4)
Professional Degrees and Licenses	782	(1)
O'Brien v. O'Brien	782	(6)
Notes and Comments	788	(4)
Business Goodwill	792	(1)
Prahinski v. Prahinski	792	(6)
Notes and Questions	798	(4)
Debts	802	(2)
Dividing the Divisible Estate	804	(12)
Gastineau v. Gastineau	806	(4)
Notes and Questions	810	(6)
Spousal Support	816	(49)
An Introduction to Spousal Support	816	(8)
The Law of Domestic Relations in the United States	816	(8)
Homer H. Clark Jr.
Notes and Questions	824	(1)
Factors in Determining the Award of Alimony	824	(11)
Need and Marital Duration	824	(1)
Morgan v. Morgan	824	(2)
Notes and Questions	826	(1)
Marriage of Huntington	827	(3)
Notes and Questions	830	(1)
Marital Fault	831	(1)
Bender v. Bender	831	(2)
Notes and Questions	833	(2)
The Duration and Value of Alimony	835	(14)
The Duration of Alimony	835	(1)
Otis v. Otis	835	(3)
Chamberlain v. Chamberlain	838	(3)
Notes and Questions	841	(2)
The Value of Alimony	843	(1)
Mascaro v. Mascaro	844	(4)
Notes and Questions	848	(1)
The Alimony Debate: Are Current Standards Fair?	849	(16)
Olsen v. Olsen	849	(3)
Richard Posner, Economic Analysis of Law	852	(1)
Notes and Questions	853	(1)
Ira M. Ellman, The Theory of Alimony	854	(3)
Jane Rutherford, Duty in Divorce: Shared Income as a Path to Equality	857	(3)
Notes and Questions	860	(5)
Child Support	865	(62)
An Historical Perspective	865	(2)
Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book I	865	(2)
William Blackstone
Who Owes Support?	867	(19)
The Basis of the Support Obligation	867	(1)
Straub v. B.M.T	867	(3)
Notes and Questions	870	(4)
Limitations on the Parental Support Obligation	874	(1)
The Child's Behavior	874	(1)
Roe v. Doe	874	(2)
Notes and Questions	876	(1)
Age	877	(1)
Neudecker v. Neudecker	878	(2)
Notes and Questions	880	(2)
The Obligor's Death	882	(1)
Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book I	882	(1)
William Blackstone
Reciprocity: Should Adult Children Support Their Parents?	883	(1)
Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book I	883	(1)
William Blackstone
Cannon v. Juras	884	(1)
Notes and Questions	885	(1)
Calculating Support: How Much Should Parents Pay?	886	(30)
From Discretion to Bright--Line Rules	886	(1)
Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act § 309	886	(3)
The Implementation and Review of State Child Support Guidelines	889	(3)
Jane C. Venohr
Robert G. Williams
Notes and Questions	892	(4)
Applying the Guidelines: Recurring Cases	896	(1)
Obligor Wealth	896	(1)
McGinley v. Herman	896	(4)
Notes and Questions	900	(2)
Obligor Poverty	902	(2)
Notes and Questions	904	(1)
Joint and Split Custody: The Problem of ``Extra'' Visitation	905	(1)
Bast v. Rossoff	906	(4)
Notes and Questions	910	(2)
Other Support Obligations	912	(1)
Gallaher v. Elam	912	(4)
Notes and Questions	916	(1)
Evaluating Current Guidelines	916	(11)
Child Support: Guidelines and Goals	916	(11)
Marsha Garrison
Separation Agreements	927	(28)
Negotiating and Drafting the Agreement	927	(6)
Negotiating a Settlement	927	(1)
Bargaining in the Shadow of the Law: The Case of Divorce	928	(3)
Robert Mnookin
Lewis Kornhauser
Drafting the Agreement	931	(1)
Stewart v. Stewart	931	(1)
Notes and Questions	932	(1)
Duress, Nondisclosure and Misrepresentation	933	(4)
Hresko v. Hresko	933	(3)
Notes and Questions	936	(1)
What Terms Are Permissible?	937	(8)
Fairness	937	(1)
Uniform Marriage and Divorce Act § 306. [Separation Agreement]	938	(1)
Jameson v. Jameson	939	(1)
Notes and Questions	940	(3)
Terms Encouraging Divorce	943	(1)
Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 190 (1981)	943	(2)
Enforcement and Modification of the Agreement	945	(10)
Merger of the Agreement into the Decree	945	(1)
Murphy v. Murphy	945	(2)
Notes and Questions	947	(2)
Enforcement by Contempt	949	(1)
Oedekoven v. Oedekoven	949	(1)
Waiver of the Right to Modify	950	(1)
Karon v. Karon	950	(3)
Notes and Questions	953	(2)
Alternative Dispute Resolution	955	(30)
Introduction	955	(2)
Mediation	957	(18)
The Mediation Process	957	(1)
American Bar Association Model Standards of Practice for Family and Divorce Mediation	957	(1)
Divorce Mediation: A Workable Alternative	958	(1)
Jay Folberg
Notes and Questions	959	(1)
Ethical Considerations and Qualifications	960	(1)
Model Standards of Practice for Family and Divorce Mediation	961	(1)
Notes and Questions	962	(1)
Vitakis--Valchine v. Valchine	962	(5)
Notes and Questions	967	(1)
The Promise and Risks of Mediation	968	(1)
A Proposal for Final and Binding Arbitration of Initial Custody Determinations	968	(1)
Stephen W. Schlissel
Killing Us Softly: Divorce Mediation and the Politics of Power	969	(1)
Penelope E. Bryan
Dominant Discourse, Professional Language, And Legal Change In Child Custody Decision Making	970	(2)
Martha Fineman
Notes and Questions	972	(3)
Arbitration	975	(10)
The Benefits of Arbitration	975	(1)
Allan R. Koritzinsky
Dick v. Dick	976	(4)
Kelm v. Kelm	980	(3)
Notes and Questions	983	(2)
Legal Consequences Of Child Support, Property Division And Alimony Distinguished: Taxation And Bankruptcy	985	(21)
Basic Overview	985	(1)
Taxation	986	(6)
During the Ongoing Marriage	986	(2)
At Divorce	988	(1)
Timing the Divorce Decree	988	(1)
Property Division (IRC § 1041)	988	(1)
Child Support and Alimony (IRC §§ 71 and 215)	989	(3)
Medical Expenses, Dependency Exemptions, Child Care and Earned Income Credits	992	(1)
Bankruptcy	992	(14)
Huckfeldt v. Huckfeldt	992	(5)
Harrell v. Sharp	997	(3)
Notes and Questions	1000	(1)
White v. White	1001	(5)
Modification and Enforcement of Support Awards	1006	(43)
Modification: Some General Themes	1006	(2)
Modification Based on a Shift in Income	1008	(12)
The Obligor's Income	1008	(1)
A Decrease in Income	1008	(1)
Marriage of Meegan	1008	(3)
Harvey v. Robinson	1011	(4)
Notes and Questions	1015	(2)
An Increase in Income	1017	(1)
The Recipient's Income	1018	(1)
An Increase in Income	1018	(1)
Carter v. Carter	1018	(1)
Notes and Questions	1019	(1)
Modification Based on New Relationships	1020	(17)
Cohabitation by the Alimony Recipient	1020	(1)
Taake v. Taake	1020	(3)
Notes and Questions	1023	(6)
Remarriage of Either Parent	1029	(1)
In re Marriage of Nimmo	1029	(5)
Notes and Questions	1034	(1)
Subsequent Children	1034	(1)
Miller v. Tashie	1034	(2)
Notes and Questions	1036	(1)
Enforcement of Support Obligations	1037	(9)
Incarceration	1037	(1)
American Law Institute, Model Penal Code and Commentaries	1037	(1)
Commonwealth v. Pouliot	1038	(1)
Child Support Recovery Act of 1992	1039	(1)
Notes and Questions	1039	(1)
Contempt	1040	(1)
Increasing Federal Involvement and Its Impact on Support Enforcement	1041	(2)
Notes and Questions	1043	(3)
Defenses to the Obligation to Pay Support	1046	(3)
Lack of Access	1046	(1)
Estoppel	1047	(1)
Laches	1047	(1)
A Negative Paternity Test	1048	(1)
Index	1049