Feedback Amplifiers

by Palumbo, Gaetano; Pennisi, Salvatore

• ISBN13: 9780792376439
• ISBN10: 0792376439
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

Feedback Amplifiers: Theory and Design deals with feedback and feedback amplifiers. Although this topic has been extensively investigated over the years, theoretically exact and at the same time sufficiently simple and well organized material is not, to the authors' judgement, present today in literature. After describing the fundamental properties of feedback, the book illustrates techniques of analysis for greater insight into feedback amplifiers and design strategies to optimise their performance. The book has two main targets 1) a tutorial purpose since its aim is first to introduce and then to bring the reader to in-depth analysis and design of feedback circuits; 2) to present original material on the topic of feedback circuits. In particular, a new comprehensive approach for the frequency compensation of two-stage and three-stage amplifiers is adopted, and insightful new results are reported for harmonic distortion in the frequency domain.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	xi
Preface	xiii
Introduction to Device Modeling	1	(36)
Gianluca Giustolisi
Doped Silicon	1	(1)
Diodes	2	(7)
Reverse Bias Condition	5	(1)
Graded Junctions	6	(1)
Forward Bias Condition	7	(2)
Diode Small Signal Model	9	(1)
Mos Transistors	9	(20)
Basic Operation	10	(2)
Triode or Linear Region	12	(2)
Saturation or Active Region	14	(1)
Body Effect	15	(1)
p-channel Transistors	16	(1)
Saturation Region Small Signal Model	16	(5)
Triode Region Small Signal Model	21	(2)
Cutoff Region Small Signal Model	23	(1)
Second Order Effects in MOSFET Modeling	24	(4)
Sub-threshold Region	28	(1)
Bipolar-Junction Transistors	29	(8)
Basic Operation	31	(1)
Early Effect or Base Width Modulation	32	(1)
Saturation Region	33	(1)
Charge Stored in the Active Region	33	(1)
Active Region Small Signal Model	34	(2)
References	36	(1)
Single Transistor Configurations	37	(26)
The Generic Active Component	37	(2)
AC Schematic Diagram and Linear Analysis	39	(2)
Common X (Emitter/Source) Configuration	41	(1)
Common X With Degenerative Resistance Rx	42	(6)
Common Y (Base/Gate)	48	(3)
Common Z (Collector/Drain)	51	(3)
Frequency Response of Single Transistor Configurations	54	(9)
Common X Configuration	55	(1)
Common X with a Degenerative Resistance	56	(5)
Common Y and Common Z Configurations	61	(2)
Feedback	63	(14)
Method of Analysis of Feedback Circuits	64	(3)
Signal Flow Graph Analysis	67	(2)
The Rosenstark Method	69	(3)
The Choma Method	72	(2)
The Blackman Theorem	74	(3)
Stability - Frequency and Step Response	77	(26)
One-Pole Feedback Amplifiers	78	(4)
Two-Pole Feedback Amplifiers	82	(10)
Two-Pole Feedback Amplifiers with a Polezero Doublet	92	(5)
Three-Pole Feedback Amplifiers with Real Poles	97	(1)
Three-Pole Feedback Amplifiers with a Pair of Complex and Conjugate Poles	98	(2)
Two-Pole Feedback Amplifiers with a Zero	100	(3)
Frequency Compensation Techniques	103	(34)
Dominant-Pole Compensation	104	(2)
Miller (Pole-Splitting) Compensation	106	(3)
Compensation of the Miller RHP Zero	109	(7)
Nulling Resistor	110	(1)
Voltage Buffer	111	(3)
Current Buffer	114	(2)
Nested Miller Compensation	116	(10)
General Features	116	(4)
RHP Cancellation With Nulling Resistors	120	(6)
Reversed Nested Miller Compensation	126	(11)
General Features	126	(4)
RHP Cancellation with Nulling Resistors	130	(1)
RHP Cancellation with One Real voltage Buffer	131	(3)
RHP Cancellation with One Real Current Buffer	134	(3)
Fundamental Feedback Configurations	137	(36)
Series-Shunt Amplifier	137	(11)
Series-shunt Amplifier with Buffer	146	(2)
Shunt-Series Amplifier	148	(7)
Shunt-Shunt Amplifier	155	(3)
Series-Series Amplifier	158	(4)
A General View of Single-Loop Amplifiers	162	(3)
Frequency Compensation of the Fundamental Configurations	165	(8)
Frequency Compensation of the Series-Shunt Amplifier	166	(3)
Frequency Compensation of the Shunt-Series Amplifier	169	(2)
Frequency Compensation of the Shunt- Shunt Amplifier	171	(1)
Frequency Compensation of the Series-Series Amplifier	172	(1)
Harmonic Distortion	173	(34)
Harmonic Distortion at Low Frequency	176	(6)
Nonlinear Amplifier with Linear Feedback	176	(2)
Nonlinear Amplifier with Nonlinear Feedback	178	(4)
Harmonic Distortion in the Frequency Domain	182	(9)
Open-loop Amplifiers	182	(3)
Closed-loop Amplifiers	185	(6)
Harmonic Distortion and Compensation	191	(14)
Two-stage Amplifier with Dominant-Pole Compensation	191	(2)
Two-stage Amplifier with Miller Compensation	193	(6)
Single-stage Amplifiers	199	(6)
An Alternative Frequency Analysis	205	(2)
Noise	207	(14)
Basic Concepts	207	(2)
Equivalent Input Noise Generators	209	(3)
Noise Models of Circuit Components	212	(2)
Effect of Feedback	214	(7)
Examples of Feedback in Integrated Circuits	221	(22)
The Output Resistance of a Differential Amplifier with Current-Mirror Load	221	(3)
The Wilson Current Mirror	224	(4)
The Cascode Current Mirror	228	(1)
The Current Feedback Operational Amplifier and Its High-Level Characteristics	229	(3)
Transistor-Level Architecture, Small-Signal Model, and Frequency Compensation of CFOAS	232	(4)
Integrators and Differentiators With CFOAS	236	(2)
CFOA Versus VOA	238	(5)
APPENDIX: FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF RC NETWORKS	243	(8)
A.1 Transfer Function of a Generic RC Network	243	(4)
A.2 Approximated Poles	247	(4)
References	251	(12)
About the Authors	263