The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914 A Documentary Economic History

by Issawi, Charles

• ISBN13: 9780195049510
• ISBN10: 0195049519
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1988-07-14
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This is the first comprehensive history and economic analysis of the Fertile Crescent during the 19th century, a region currently encompassing Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and a small part of Turkey. Presenting 155 carefully selected documents--the majority drawn from British and French archives and here published for the first time, the balance translated from Arabic, French, German, Russian, Hebrew, Italian, and Turkish sources--Issawi provides an in-depth treatment of the economic life of the region, with chapters on social life and organization, trade, transport, agriculture, industry, and public and private finance. Including extensive cross-references that pinpoint the connections between the subjects discussed, the book is an invaluable resource on a historically rich and dynamic region.

Table of Contents

Studies in Middle Eastern History	p. ii
Preface	p. vii
Abbreviations	p. xv
The Fertile Crescent in the Middle Eastern Economy	p. 3
General and Social Developments	p. 9
Syria Under Egyptian Rule, 1831-1840	p. 39
The Costs of Civil Strife, 1845-1860	p. 45
Peasant Uprisings in Lebanon, 1840s-1850s	p. 48
Cholera, 1865	p. 51
Education in Lebanon, 1869	p. 54
Working-Class Conditions, 1838, 1873	p. 55
Problems of Development of Syria, 1878	p. 56
Tribes in the Syrian Desert, 1880	p. 59
Sanjaq of Dayr al-Zur, 1881	p. 61
Agriculture and Industry in Hama Region, 1883	p. 65
Education in Syria, 1885	p. 67
Syrian Emigrants to America, 1904	p. 71
Report on the Vilayet of Aleppo, 1890 Estimate of Populations	p. 73
Agriculture and Textiles of Damascus, 1879	p. 78
Mutasarriflik of Hama, 1911	p. 84
Economic and Social Innovations in Aleppo, 1853-1914	p. 87
Men's Daily Wages in Syria, 1820-1915	p. 91
Mosul, 1750-1800	p. 93
Iraq in 1800	p. 97
Plagues in Iraq, 1689-1877	p. 99
Plagues and Floods in Baghdad, 1822 and 1831	p. 101
Flood of Tigris at Baghdad, 1840-1907	p. 105
Piracy on the Euphrates, Disturbances at Basra, 1820	p. 105
Iraq Under Dawud Pasha, 1817-1831	p. 107
Request for Physician and Arms in Baghdad, Introduction of Vaccination, 1824	p. 111
Pashalik of Baghdad, 1851	p. 113
Conditions T\Along Proposed Telegraph Route, 1856	p. 114
Midhat Pasha's Reforms, 1869-1872	p. 116
Floods in Iraq, 1894	p. 122
Baghdad in 1908	p. 123
Trade	p. 127
Trade of Alexandretta (aleppo)	p. 152
Trade of Beirut	p. 154
Trade of Damascus	p. 156
Trade of Jaffaa	p. 157
Trade of Aleppo, 18th Century	p. 158
Trade of Damascus, 1825	p. 159
Trade of Beirut, 1838	p. 162
British Trade and the Rise of Beirut, 1830-1860	p. 163
Trade and Handicrafts of Aleppo, 1855	p. 168
Trade of Jaffa, 1899	p. 171
Trade of Baghdada	p. 173
Trade of Basra	p. 174
Trade of Mosul	p. 175
Trade of Iraq, 1790s	p. 178
Complaints of Imam of Musqat Regarding Basra Customs, 1801	p. 185
Tariffs in Iraq, Aleppo, and Constantinople, 1810	p. 186
Trade of Basra and Baghdad, 1814	p. 187
Trade of Baghdad, 1824	p. 189
Merchandise Trade and Money Transactions of Basra, 1845-1846	p. 190
Slave Trade, Basra, 1847	p. 192
Trade of Mosul, 1858	p. 193
Trade, Shipping, Currency, and Prices in Basra, 1859	p. 195
Value, Quantity, and Price of Main Exports and Imports, 1864-1958	p. 199
Transport	p. 203
Damascus--Baghdad Caravans, 1847	p. 224
Steam Navigation along the Syrian Coast, 1859	p. 227
Project for Port of Beirut, 1868	p. 229
Alexandretta-Aleppo-Birejik Road, 1868-1881	p. 231
Transport Costs, 1883	p. 234
Land Transport in Syria, End of 19th Century	p. 235
Hajj Caravan, 1903	p. 236
Alexandretta Port and Roads, 1899, 1903	p. 239
Navigation on the Euphrates, 1903	p. 240
Hijaz Railway, 1906	p. 242
Gulf Shipping in Bombay, 1804	p. 246
Baghdad-Aleppo and Damascus Caravan, 1850s	p. 247
Government Steamers on Tigris, 1904	p. 249
German Views on Baghdad Railway, 1902	p. 253
Baghdad Railway: British Interests and Views, 1907	p. 257
Shipping in Basra and the Persian Gulf, 1864-1910	p. 259
Means of Transportation in Iraq, 1912	p. 262
Agriculture	p. 269
Lebanese Agriculture, 1850s	p. 290
Sponge Fishing, 1839	p. 296
Tobacco Cultivation, 1843	p. 298
Sheep Raising, Damascus Region, 1851	p. 301
Potential for Agricultural Development in Syria, 1855	p. 302
Silk in Lebanon and Syria, 1852, 1879, 1900	p. 305
Cotton in Aleppo Region, 1864	p. 307
Agriculture, 1871	p. 308
Problems of Agricultural Development, 1878	p. 310
Hauran Wheat, 1897	p. 311
Winemaking in Central Syria, 1898	p. 312
German Settlements in Palestine, 1902	p. 313
Grain Production of Southern Syria, 1901	p. 313
Latakia Region, 1903	p. 314
Two Farms in Palestine, 1905	p. 315
Olives in the Haifa Region, 1910	p. 319
Silk in Lebanon, 1914	p. 320
Trade with the Beduins, 1914	p. 325
Changes in Landownership in the Ghuta of Damascus, 19th and 20th Centuries	p. 329
Land Tenure in Syria	p. 330
A European-Owned Farm in Palestine, 1869-1923	p. 332
An Early Jewish Settlement: Petah Tikva, 1878-1918	p. 337
Agriculture in Kurdistan, 1820	p. 343
Wool Trade of Iraq, 1860	p. 343
Prospects for Cotton Cultivation, 1863	p. 347
Agriculture in Iraq, 1865	p. 348
Hindiyya Dam, 1888-1890	p. 350
Irrigation in Iraq, 1907	p. 353
Irrigation Schemes, 1911	p. 356
Irrigation Projects, Iraq, 1914	p. 358
Agricultural Production and Potential, 1919	p. 359
Land Tenure	p. 363
Industry	p. 367
Handicrafts in Lebanon, 1835	p. 382
Weaving Industry in Damascus, 1850, 1863	p. 383
Handicrafts in Aleppo, 1870	p. 386
Innovations in Damascus Weaving, 1850s-1870s	p. 387
Effect of Westernization on Crafts and Trades in Damascus, 1891	p. 388
Silk Handlooms in Damascus, 1902	p. 392
Mines in Aleppo Vilayet, 1902	p. 393
Textile Handicrafts in Baghdad, 1842	p. 395
Handicrafts, Industry, and Working-Class Conditions	p. 396
Handlooms in Baghdad, 1907	p. 400
Petroleum Production, 1871	p. 402
Oil Showings, 1914	p. 403
Prospects of Petroleum in Baghdad Vilayet, 1918	p. 404
Finance and Public Finance	p. 407
Price of Wheat in Syria, 1756-1913	p. 423
Prices of Foodstuffs in Syria, 1756-1912	p. 427
Money Market in Aleppo, 1801	p. 429
Government Revenue and Expenditure, 1841	p. 431
Fiscal Policy and the 1838 Anglo-Turkish Commercial Convention	p. 432
Revenues and Tithes of Syrian Provinces, 1833-1914	p. 435
Finances of Aleppo, 1858	p. 437
Finances of Damascus, 1858	p. 440
Finances of Beirut, 1858	p. 443
Budget of Damascus, 1895-1896	p. 446
Tax Revenue of Damascus, 1882-1885	p. 446
Budget of Aleppo, 1902	p. 448
Revenues and Tithes of Iraqi Provinces, 1839-1911	p. 450
Revenues and Economic Conditions in Mosul, 1845	p. 451
Attempt to Control the Price of Grain in Baghdad, 1848	p. 457
Monopolies, Taxes, and Extortion in Baghdad, 1848	p. 459
Duties on Transport and Export of Grain, 1857	p. 461
Tithes in Mosul Province, 1863	p. 462
Abolition of Certain Monopolies, 1863	p. 463
A Conservative and Nationalist Governor, 1866	p. 464
Midhat Pasha's Land Tax Reforms, 1869-1872	p. 465
Banking in Baghdad, 1907	p. 469
Tax Collection on Land and Other Sources, 1908	p. 470
Price of Grain in Baghdad, 1855-1914	p. 475
Price of Foodstuffs in Iraq, 1855-1865	p. 476
Appendix: Weights and Measures	p. 477
Bibliography	p. 481
Index of Subjects	p. 495
Index of Places and Peoples	p. 499
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