Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury: Mechanisms, Management and the Risks of Practice

by Edited by David K. Stevenson , William E. Benitz , Philip Sunshine

• ISBN13: 9780521806916
• ISBN10: 0521806917
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-03-17
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

Now in its third edition, this is a comprehensive survey of fetal and neonatal brain injury arising from hypoxia, ischemia or other causes. The publication spans a broad range of areas from epidemiology and pathogenesis, through to clinical manifestations and obstetric care, and then on to diagnosis, long-term outcomes, and medico-legal aspects. An important theme running throughout is to highlight scientific and clinical advances that have a role to play in minimising risk, improving clinical care and outcomes. The text describes how placental abnormalities, imaging studies and laboratory measurements can identify the timing and severity of the injury event. Despite these advances, fetal and neonatal brain injury remains a major concern with devastating consequences. It is hoped that this definitive account will provide the clinician not only with a better understanding of the mechanisms involved but also with the best available knowledge necessary to deal with this intractable problem.

Table of Contents

List of contributors	ix
Foreword	xv
Avroy A. Fanaroff
Preface	xvii
Part I Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis of Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury
Perinatal asphyxia: an overview	3	(27)
Philip Sunshine
Mechanisms of brain damage in animal models of hypoxia-ischemia in newborns	30	(28)
Lee J. Martin
Cellular and molecular biology of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage	58	(25)
Charles Palmer
Robert C. Vannucci
Fetal responses to asphyxia	83	(28)
Laura Bennet
Jenny A. Westgate
Peter D. Gluckman
Alistair J. Gunn
Congenital malformations of the brain	111	(18)
Ronald J. Lemire
Prematurity and complications of labor and delivery	129	(16)
Yasser Y. El Sayed
Maurice L. Druzin
Intrauterine growth retardation (restriction)	145	(30)
Alistair G.S. Philip
Hemorrhagic lesions of the central nervous system	175	(16)
Seetha Shankaran
Part II Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery Complications Causing Brain Injury
Maternal diseases that affect fetal development	191	(21)
Kimberlee A. Sorem
Maurice L. Druzin
Antepartum evaluation of fetal well-being	212	(14)
Deirdre J. Lyell
Maurice L. Druzin
Intrapartum evaluation of the fetus	226	(18)
Julian T. Parer
Tekoa King
Obstetrical conditions and practices that affect the fetus and newborn	244	(30)
Section I
Reinaldo Acosta
Yasser Y. El-Sayed
Section II
Maurice L. Druzin
Susan R. Hintz
David K. Stevenson
Philip Sunshine
Fetal and neonatal injury as a consequence of maternal substance abuse	274	(29)
Louis P. Halamek
Chorioamnionitis and its possible relation to subsequent cerebral palsy	303	(11)
Boaz Weisz
Daniel S. Seidman
Bacterial sepsis in the neonate	314	(19)
Hayley A. Gans
Neonatal bacterial meningitis	333	(22)
Alistair G.S. Philip
Neurological sequelae of congenital perinatal infection	355	(22)
Andrea M. Enright
Charles G. Prober
Perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection	377	(15)
Yvonne A. Maldonado
Andrea M. Enright
Inborn errors of metabolism with features of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy	392	(19)
Gregory M. Enns
Part III Diagnosis of the Infant with Asphyxia
Clinical manifestations of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy	411	(14)
Jin S. Hahn
The use of the EEG in assessing acute and chronic brain damage in the newborn	425	(21)
Donald M. Olson
Jin S. Hahn
Structural and functional imaging of hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) in the fetal and neonatal brain	446	(44)
Francis G. Blankenberg
Patrick D. Barnes
Near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging	490	(29)
Susan R. Hintz
Christopher H. Contag
Placental pathology and the etiology of fetal and neonatal brain injury	519	(21)
Geoffrey Altshuler
Correlations of clinical, laboratory, imaging and placental findings as to the timing of asphyxial events	540	(13)
Philip Sunshine
David K. Stevenson
William E. Benitz
Part IV Specific Conditions Associated with Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury
Hypoglycemia in the neonate	553	(18)
Robert Schwartz
Marvin Cornblath
Satish C. Kalhan
Hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus	571	(7)
David K. Stevenson
Phyllis A. Dennery
Polycythemia	578	(8)
Ted S. Rosenkrantz
William Oh
Hydrops fetalis	586	(7)
David P. Carlton
Acidosis/alkalosis	593	(19)
Robert C. Vannucci
Meconium staining and the meconium aspiration syndrome	612	(24)
Thomas E. Wiswell
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn	636	(27)
Krisa P. Van Meurs
William D. Rhine
William E. Benitz
Pediatric cardiac surgery: relevance to fetal and neonatal brain injury	663	(10)
Michael D. Black
Part V Management of the Depressed or Neurologically Dysfunctional Neonate
Neonatal resuscitation: immediate management	673	(19)
William E. Benitz
David K. Stevenson
Susan R. Hintz
Philip Sunshine
Extended management	692	(23)
William E. Benitz
Susan R. Hintz
David K. Stevenson
Philip Sunshine
Neuroprotective mechanisms after hypoxic-ischemic injury	715	(20)
Alistair J. Gunn
Jian Guan
Laura Bennet
Neonatal seizures: an expression of fetal or neonatal brain disorders	735	(50)
Mark S. Scher
Improving performance, reducing error, and minimizing risk in the delivery room	785	(6)
Louis P. Halamek
Nutritional support of the asphyxiated infant	791	(26)
John A. Kerner, Jr.
Part VI Assessing the Outcome of the Asphyxiated Infant
Assessment of preterm infants' neurobehavioral functioning: reliability, validity, normative data, and prediction to age two	817	(12)
Anneliese F. Korner
Long-term follow-up of term infants with perinatal asphyxia	829	(30)
Charlene M.T. Robertson
Appropriateness of intensive care application	859	(14)
Ernle W.D. Young
Medicolegal issues in perinatal brain injury	873	(14)
David Sheuerman
Index	887