This collection of thirteen case studies by international scholars examines the strategies whole societies adopted in opposition to slavery over a period of five centuries.

Sylviane A. Diouf is a researcher at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture of The New York Public Library.

Preface

vii

Introduction

ix

Sylviane A. Diouf

PART I DEFENSIVE STRATEGIES

1. Lacustrine Villages in South Benin as Refuges from the Slave Trade

3

(12)

Elisée Soumonni

2. Slave-Raiding and Defensive Systems South of Lake Chad from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Century

15

(16)

Thierno Mouctar Bah

3. The Myth of Inevitability and Invincibility: Resistance to Slavers and the Slave Trade in Central Africa, 1850-1910

31

(19)

Dennis D. Cordell

4. The Impact of the Slave Trade on Cayor and Baol: Mutations in Habitat and Land Occupancy

50

(12)

Adama Guèye

5. Defensive Strategies: Wasulu, Masiva, and the Slave Trade

62

(19)

Martin A. Klein

PART 2 PROTECTIVE STRATEGIES

6. The Last Resort: Redeeming Family and Friends

81

(20)

Sylviane A. Diouf

7. Anglo-Efik Relations and Protection against Illegal Enslavement at Old Calabar, 1740-1807

101

(20)

Paul E. Lovejoy and David Richardson

PART 3 OFFENSIVE STRATEGIES

8. Igboland, Slaver, and the Drums of War and Heroism

121

(11)

John N. Orsi

9. "A Devotion to the Idea of Liberty at Any Price": Rebellion and Antislavery in the Upper Guinea Coast in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

132

(20)

Ismail Rashid

10. Strategies of the Decentralized: Defending Communities from Slave Raiders in Coastal Guinea-Bissau, 1450-1815

152

(18)

Walter Hawthorne

11. The Struggle against the Transatlantic Slave Trade: The Role of the State

170

(29)

Joseph E. Inikori

12. Shipboard Revolts, African Authority, and the Transatlantic Slave Trade

199

(20)

David Richardson

Epilogue: Memory as Resistance: Identity and the Contested History of Slavery in Southeastern Nigeria, an Oral History Project

219

(8)

Carolyn A. Brown

Contributors

227

(4)

Index

231

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