First Course in Statistics, A

by McClave, James T.; Sincich, Terry L.

• ISBN13: 9780130655967
• ISBN10: 0130655961
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Hardcover w/CD
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: PRENTICE HALL

Summary

For courses in Statistics. This introduction to statistics presents balanced coverage of both the theory and application of statistics and at the same time helps students develop and enhance their critical thinking skills. It shows students how to analyze data that appear in situations in the world around them and features an abundance of examples and exercisesnearly all based on current, real-world applications pulled from journals, magazines, news articles, and commerce.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Statistics, Data, and Statistical Thinking	1	(18)
The Science of Statistics	2	(1)
Types of Statistical Applications	2	(2)
Fundamental Elements of Statistics	4	(5)
Types of Data	9	(1)
Collecting Data	10	(3)
The Role of Statistics in Critical Thinking	13	(6)
Quick Review	14	(1)
Statistics In Action A ``20/20'' View of Survey Results: Fact or Fiction?	15	(4)
Methods for Describing Sets of Data	19	(88)
Describing Qualitative Data	20	(9)
Graphical Methods for Describing Quantitative Data	29	(13)
Summation Notation	42	(2)
Numerical Measures of Central Tendency	44	(11)
Numerical Measures of Variability	55	(6)
Interpreting the Standard Deviation	61	(9)
Numerical Measures of Relative Standing	70	(5)
Methods for Detecting Outliers (Optional)	75	(11)
Graphing Bivariate Relationships (Optional)	86	(5)
Distorting the Truth with Descriptive Techniques	91	(16)
Statistics in Action The ``Eye Cue'' Test: Does Experience Improve Performance?	95	(1)
Quick Review	96	(11)
Probability	107	(56)
Events, Sample Spaces, and Probability	108	(12)
Unions and Intersections	120	(3)
Complementary Events	123	(3)
The Additive Rule and Mutually Exclusive Events	126	(5)
Conditional Probability	131	(8)
The Multiplicative Rule and Independent Events	139	(24)
Random Sampling	149	(5)
Statistics in Action Game Show Strategy: To Switch or Not to Switch?	154	(1)
Quick Review	155	(8)
Random Variables and Probability Distributions	163	(74)
Two Types of Random Variables	164	(3)
Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables	167	(10)
The Binomial Distribution	177	(13)
Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables	190	(1)
The Normal Distribution	190	(13)
Descriptive Methods for Assessing Normality	203	(7)
Approximating a Binomial Distribution with a Normal Distribution (Optional)	210	(6)
Sampling Distributions	216	(6)
The Central Limit Theorem	222	(15)
Quick Review	230	(1)
Statistics in Action The Insomnia Pill	231	(6)
Inferences Based on a Single Sample: Estimation with Confidence Intervals	237	(40)
Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean	238	(9)
Small-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Mean	247	(11)
Large-Sample Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion	258	(7)
Determining the Sample Size	265	(12)
Statistics in Action Scallops, Sampling, and the Law	269	(2)
Quick Review	271	(6)
Inferences Based on a Single Sample: Tests of Hypothesis	277	(44)
The Elements of a Test of Hypothesis	278	(6)
Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis About a Population Mean	284	(6)
Observed Significance Levels: p-Values	290	(7)
Small-Sample Test of Hypothesis About a Population Mean	297	(6)
Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis About a Population Proportion	303	(6)
A Nonparametric Test About a Population Median (Optional)	309	(12)
Quick Review	315	(1)
Statistics in Action March Madness: Handicapping the NCAA Basketball Tourney	315	(6)
Comparing Population Means	321	(76)
Comparing Two Population Means: Independent Sampling	322	(17)
Comparing Two Population Means: Paired Difference Experiments	339	(13)
Determining the Sample Size	352	(3)
A Nonparametric Test for Comparing Two Populations: Independent Sampling (Optional)	355	(8)
A Nonparametric Test for Comparing Two Populations: Paired Difference Experiments (Optional)	363	(8)
Comparing Three or More Population Means: Analysis of Variance (Optional)	371	(26)
Statistics in Action On the Trail of the Cockroach	386	(2)
Quick Review	388	(9)
Comparing Population Proportions	397	(42)
Comparing Two Population Proportions: Independent Sampling	398	(7)
Determining the Sample Size	405	(2)
Comparing Population Proportions: Multinomial Experiment	407	(8)
Contingency Table Analysis	415	(24)
Statistics in Action The Level of Agreement Among Movie Reviewers: Thumbs Up or Thumbs Down?	431	(1)
Quick Review	431	(8)
Simple Linear Regression	439	(74)
Probabilistic Models	440	(4)
Fitting the Model: The Least Squares Approach	444	(15)
Model Assumptions	459	(1)
An Estimator of σ2	460	(3)
Assessing the Utility of the Model: Making Inferences About the Slope β1	463	(8)
The Coefficient of Correlation	471	(3)
The Coefficient of Determination	474	(7)
Using the Model for Estimation and Prediction	481	(9)
A Complete Example	490	(4)
A Nonparametric Test for Correlation (Optional)	494	(19)
Statistics in Action Can ``Dowsers'' Really Detect Water?	502	(3)
Quick Review	505	(8)
Appendix A: Tables	513	(24)
Table I Random Numbers	515	(3)
Table II Binomial Probabilities	518	(4)
Table III Normal Curve Areas	522	(1)
Table IV Critical Values of t	523	(1)
Table V Critical Values of TL and TU for the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test: Independent Samples	524	(1)
Table VI Critical Values of T0 in the Wilcoxon Paired Difference Signed Ranks Test	525	(1)
Table VII Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, α = .10	526	(2)
Table VIII Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, α = .05	528	(2)
Table IX Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, α = .025	530	(2)
Table X Percentage Points of the F-Distribution, α = .01	532	(2)
Table XI Critical Values of χ2	534	(2)
Table XII Critical Values of Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient	536	(1)
Appendix B: Data Sets on CD-ROM That Accompanies This Text	537	(4)
Appendix C: Calculation Formulas for Analysis of Variance (Independent Sampling)	541	(2)
Answers to Selected Exercises	543	(8)
Index	551