A First Look at Communication Theory with Conversations CD-ROM

by Griffin, Emory A.

• ISBN13: 9780073215181
• ISBN10: 007321518X
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-08-01
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

The most widely-used textbook for the communication theory course,A First Look at Communication Theoryanalyzes the major communication theories at a level that is appropriate for both lower- and upper-level courses. The 33 theories represented in the text reflect a mix of foundational and recent scholarship and strike a balance of scientific and interpretive approaches.

Table of Contents

Preface for Instructors	xv
DIVISION ONE OVERVIEW	1	(50)
Introduction	2	(4)
Talk About Theory	6	(15)
Science or Interpretation: Two Views of a Monster Ad	6	(3)
Glenn: An Objective Approach	8	(1)
Marty: An Interpretive Approach	8	(1)
Objective or Interpretive: A Difference That Makes a Difference	9	(1)
Ways of Knowing: Discovering Truth or Creating Multiple Realities?	10	(1)
Human Nature: Determinism or Free Will?	11	(2)
The Highest Value: Objectivity or Emancipation?	13	(1)
The Purpose of Theory: Universal Laws or Guides for Interpretation?	14	(1)
Research Methods: Quantitative or Qualitative?	14	(5)
Experiments	15	(1)
Surveys	16	(1)
Textual Analysis	17	(1)
Ethnography	18	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	19	(1)
A Second Look	20	(1)
Mapping the Territory (Seven Traditions in the Field of Communication Theory)	21	(16)
The Socio-Psychological Tradition Communication as Interpersonal Influence	22	(1)
The Cybernetic Tradition
Communication as Information Processing	23	(2)
The Rhetorical Tradition
Communication as Artful Public Address	25	(1)
The Semiotic Tradition
Communication as the Process of Sharing Meaning Through Signs	26	(2)
The Socio-Cultural Tradition
Communication as the Creation and Enactment of Social Reality	28	(2)
The Critical Tradition
Communication as a Reflective Challenge of Unjust Discourse	30	(2)
The Phenomenological Tradition
Communication as the Experience of Self and Others Through Dialogue	32	(1)
Fencing the Field of Communication Theory	33	(1)
The Ethical Tradition
Communication as People of Character Interacting in Just and Beneficial Ways	34	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	35	(1)
A Second Look	36	(1)
Weighing the Words of Ernest Bormann's Symbolic Convergence Theory	37	(14)
A Test Case: Ernest Bormann's Symbolic Convergence Theory	38	(1)
What Makes an Objective Theory Good?	39	(5)
Scientific Standard 1: Explanation of the Data	39	(1)
Scientific Standard 2: Prediction of Future Events	40	(1)
Scientific Standard 3: Relative Simplicity	41	(1)
Scientific Standard 4: Hypotheses That Can Be Tested	42	(1)
Scientific Standard 5: Practical Utility	43	(1)
What Makes an Interpretive Theory Good?	44	(4)
Interpretive Standard 1: New Understanding of People	44	(1)
Interpretive Standard 2: Clarification of Values	45	(1)
Interpretive Standard 3: Aesthetic Appeal	46	(1)
Interpretive Standard 4: A Community of Agreement	46	(1)
Interpretive Standard 5: Reform of Society	47	(1)
Balancing the Scale: Similar Weights and Measures	48	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	49	(1)
A Second Look	49	(2)
DIVISION TWO INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION	51	(194)
Interpersonal Messages	52	(3)
Symbolic Interactionism of George Herbert Mead	55	(11)
Meaning: The Construction of Social Reality	56	(1)
Language: The Source of Meaning	57	(1)
Thought: The Process of Taking the Role of the Other	58	(1)
The Self: Reflections in a Looking Glass	59	(2)
Community: The Socializing Effect of Others' Expectations	61	(1)
A Sampler of Applied Symbolic Interaction	62	(1)
Critique: A Theory Too Grand?	63	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	64	(1)
A Second Look	65	(1)
Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) of W. Barnett Pearce & Vernon Cronen	66	(17)
CMM in Action: Stories from the Field	66	(3)
Mediation	67	(1)
Family Therapy	67	(1)
Cupertino Community Project	68	(1)
Persons-in-Conversation: Creating Bonds of Union	69	(3)
Stories Told and Stories Lived	72	(5)
Bringing Coherence to Stories Told	73	(2)
Coordination---The Meshing of Stories Lived	75	(2)
Dialogic Communication: A New Way to Talk with Others	77	(1)
Critique: What Does the Language of CMM Create for You?	78	(2)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	80	(1)
Conversations: Barnett Pearce	81	(1)
A Second Look	81	(2)
Expectancy Violations Theory of Judee Burgoon	83	(14)
Personal Space Expectations: Conform or Deviate?	84	(2)
An Applied Test of the Original Model	86	(1)
A Convoluted Model Becomes an Elegant Theory	87	(1)
Core Concepts of EVT	88	(4)
Expectancy	88	(1)
Violation Valence	89	(2)
Communicator Reward Valence	91	(1)
Interaction Adaptation---Burgoon's Next Frontier	92	(1)
Critique: Work in Progress	93	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	94	(1)
Conversations: Judee Burgoon	95	(1)
A Second Look	95	(2)
Interpersonal Deception Theory of David Buller & Judee Burgoon	97	(21)
An Emergent Theory of Strategic Interaction	99	(2)
Manipulating Information: The Language and Look of Liars	101	(2)
Leakage---The Truth Will Come Out (Maybe)	103	(1)
The Respondent's Dilemma: Truth Bias or Suspicion?	104	(1)
Putting Doubts to Rest: Deceiver Adjustment to Suspicion	105	(1)
Critique: Why Does It Have to Be So Complicated?	106	(2)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	108	(1)
Conversations: David Buller	108	(1)
A Second Look	108	(2)
Ethical Reflections	110	(1)
Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative	110	(1)
Augustine's Divine Will	111	(1)
Sissela Bok's Principle of Veracity	112	(2)
Relationship Development	114	(4)
Social Penetration Theory of Irwin Altman & Dalmas Taylor	118	(12)
Personality Structure: A Multilayered Onion	119	(1)
Closeness Through Self-Disclosure	119	(1)
The Depth and Breadth of Self-Disclosure	120	(2)
Regulating Closeness on the Basis of Rewards and Costs	122	(3)
Outcome: Rewards Minus Costs	123	(1)
Comparison Level (CL)---Gauging Relational Satisfaction	123	(1)
Comparison Level of Alternatives (CL alt)---Gauging Relational Stability	124	(1)
A Simple Notion Becomes More Complex in Practice	125	(2)
Communication Privacy Management Theory	125	(2)
Critique: Pulling Back from Social Penetration	127	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	128	(1)
A Second Look	128	(2)
Uncertainty Reduction Theory of Charles Berger	130	(12)
Uncertainty Reduction: To Predict and Explain	132	(1)
An Axiomatic Theory: Certainty about Uncertainty	132	(2)
Theorems: The Logical Force of Uncertainty Axioms	134	(1)
Strategies to Cope with Certain Uncertainty	135	(3)
Critique: Nagging Doubts about Uncertainty	138	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	139	(1)
Conversations: Chuck Berger	140	(1)
A Second Look	140	(2)
Social Information Processing Theory of Joseph Walther	142	(18)
CMC Versus Face-to-Face: A Sip Instead of a Gulp	143	(1)
You've Got Mail---A Case Study of Online Romance	144	(1)
Verbal Cues of Affinity Replace Nonverbal Cues	144	(3)
Experimental Support for a Counterintuitive Idea	145	(2)
Extended Time---The Crucial Variable in CMC	147	(1)
Hyperpersonal Perspective: It Doesn't Get Any Better Than This	148	(4)
Sender: Selective Self-Presentation	149	(1)
Receiver: Overattribution of Similarity	150	(1)
Channel: Communicating on Your Own Time	151	(1)
Feedback: Self-Fulfilling Prophecy	152	(1)
Critique: Walther's Candid Assessment	152	(2)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	154	(1)
Conversations: Joe Walther	154	(1)
A Second Look	155	(1)
Relationship Maintenance	156	(4)
Relational Dialectics of Leslie Baxter & Barbara Montgomery	160	(15)
The Tug-of-War Dialectics of Close Relationships	161	(1)
Three Dialectics That Affect Relationships	162	(5)
Integration and Separation	164	(1)
Stability and Change	165	(1)
Expression and Nonexpression	166	(1)
A Second Generation of Relational Dialectics: Emphasis on Dialogue	167	(4)
Dialogue as a Constitutive Process	167	(1)
Dialogue as Dialectical Flux	168	(1)
Dialogue as an Aesthetic Moment	169	(1)
Dialogue as Utterance	169	(1)
Dialogue as a Critical Sensibility	170	(1)
Critique: Meeting the Criteria for a Good Interpretive Theory	171	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	172	(1)
Conversations: Leslie Baxter	173	(1)
A Second Look	173	(2)
The Interactional View of Paul Watzlawick	175	(15)
The Family as a System	176	(1)
Axioms of Interpersonal Communications	177	(4)
One Cannot Not Communicate	177	(1)
Communication = Content + Relationship	178	(1)
The Nature of a Relationship Depends on How Both Parties Punctuate the Communication Sequence	179	(1)
All Communication Is Either Symmetrical or Complementary	180	(1)
Trapped in a System with No Place to Go	181	(1)
Reframing: Changing the Game by Changing the Rules	182	(2)
Critique: Adjustments Needed within the System	184	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	185	(1)
A Second Look	185	(2)
Cognitive Processing	187	(3)
Constructivism of Jesse Delia	190	(16)
Role Category Questionnaire Instructions	190	(1)
Personal Constructs as Evidence of Cognitive Complexity	191	(1)
An Index of Social Perception Skills	191	(1)
Scoring the RCQ for Construct Differentiation	192	(1)
Person--Centered Messages--The Interpersonal Edge	193	(1)
Message Production: Crafting Goal-Based Plans for Action	194	(4)
Goals	195	(1)
Plans	195	(2)
Action	197	(1)
Beneficial Effects of Person-Centered Messages	198	(2)
Socializing a New Generation of Sophisticated Speakers	200	(1)
Critique: Second Thoughts about Cognitive Complexity	201	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	202	(1)
Conversations: Jesse Delia, Brant Burleson, and Jim Applegate	202	(1)
A Second Look	202	(4)
Influence
Social Judgment Theory of Muzafer Sherif	206	(10)
Three Attitude Zones: Acceptance, Rejection, and Noncommitment	207	(1)
Ego-Involvement: How Much Do You Care?	208	(2)
Judging the Message: Contrast and Assimilation Errors	210	(1)
Discrepancy and Attitude Change	211	(1)
Practical Advice for the Persuader	212	(1)
Evidence That Argues for Acceptance	212	(2)
Critique: How Wide Is Your Theoretical Latitude of Acceptance?	214	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	215	(1)
A Second Look	215	(1)
Elaboration Likelihood Model of Richard Petty & John Cacioppo	216	(12)
The Central and the Peripheral Routes: Alternative Paths to Persuasion	217	(1)
Motivation for Elaboration: Is It Worth the Effort?	218	(1)
Ability for Elaboration: Can They Do It?	219	(1)
Type of Elaboration: Objective Versus Biased Thinking	220	(1)
Elaborated Arguments: Strong, Weak, and Neutral	220	(1)
Peripheral Cues: An Alternative Route of Influence	221	(2)
Pushing the Limits of Peripheral Power	223	(1)
Choosing a Route: Practical Advice for the Persuader	224	(1)
Critique: Elaborating the Model	225	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	226	(1)
A Second Look	226	(2)
Cognitive Dissonance Theory of Leon Festinger	228	(17)
Dissonance: Discord Between Behavior and Belief	228	(1)
Three Hypotheses: Ways to Reduce Dissonance Between Attitudes and Actions	229	(3)
Hypothesis 1: Selective Exposure Prevents Dissonance	230	(1)
Hypothesis 2: Postdecision Dissonance Creates a Need for Reassurance	231	(1)
Hypothesis 3: Minimal Justification for Action Induces a Shift in Attitude	231	(1)
A Classic Experiment: ``Would I Lie for a Dollar?''	232	(1)
Three State-of-the-Art Revisions: The Cause and Effect of Dissonance	233	(4)
Self-Consistency: The Rationalizing Animal	234	(1)
Personal Responsibility for Bad Outcomes (the New Look)	235	(1)
Self-Affirmation to Dissipate Dissonance	236	(1)
Theory into Practice: Persuasion Through Dissonance	237	(1)
Critique: Dissonance over Dissonance	238	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	239	(1)
A Second Look	239	(2)
Ethical Reflections	241	(1)
Martin Buber's Dialogic Ethics	241	(1)
Thomas Nilsen's Significant Choice	242	(3)
DIVISION THREE GROUP AND PUBLIC COMMUNICATION	245	(108)
Group Decision Making	246	(3)
Functional Perspective on Group Decision Making of Randy Hirokawa & Dennis Gouran	249	(13)
Four Functions of Effective Decision Making	250	(3)
Analysis of the Problem	250	(1)
Goal Setting	251	(1)
Identification of Alternatives	251	(2)
Evaluation of Positive and Negative Characteristics	253	(1)
Prioritizing the Functions	253	(2)
The Role of Communication in Fulfilling the Functions	255	(1)
From the Tiny Pond to the Big Ocean	256	(2)
Practical Advice for Amateurs and Professionals	258	(1)
Critique: Is Rationality Overrated?	259	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	260	(1)
Conversations: Randy Hirokawa	260	(1)
A Second Look	261	(1)
Adaptive Structuration Theory of Marshall Scott Poole	262	(16)
Phasing Out the Phase Model	263	(1)
Structuration According to Giddens	264	(2)
Interaction: Concerns of Morality, Communication, and Power	266	(1)
The Use and Abuse of Rules and Resources	267	(1)
Researching the Use of Rules and Resources	268	(1)
Production of Change, Reproduction of Stability	269	(2)
Crafting the Decision	269	(1)
Duality of Structure	270	(1)
How Should We Then Live---in a Group?	271	(1)
Critique: Tied to Giddens---for Better or Worse	272	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	273	(1)
Conversations: Scott Poole	274	(1)
A Second Look	274	(1)
Organizational Communication	275	(3)
Information Systems Approach to Organizations of Karl Weick	278	(11)
Organizing: Making Sense Out of Equivocal Information	279	(1)
Sensemaking in a Loosely Coupled System	280	(2)
Organizing to Survive in a Changing Environment	282	(1)
The Three-Stage Process of Socio-Cultural Evolution	283	(3)
Enactment: Don't Just Sit There; Do Something	283	(1)
Selection: Retrospective Sensemaking	284	(2)
Retention: Treat Memory as a Pest	286	(1)
Critique: The Strength and Weakness of Metaphor	286	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	287	(1)
A Second Look	288	(1)
Cultural Approach to Organizations of Clifford Geertz & Michael Pacanowsky	289	(11)
Culture as a Metaphor of Organizational Life	289	(1)
What Culture Is; What Culture Is Not	290	(1)
Thick Description---What Ethnographers Do	291	(1)
Metaphors: Taking Language Seriously	292	(1)
The Symbolic Interpretation of Story	293	(1)
Stories at Dixie	293	(1)
Fiction as a Form of Scholarly Discourse	294	(1)
Ritual: This Is the Way It's Always Been, and Always Will Be	294	(2)
Can the Manager Be an Agent of Cultural Change?	296	(1)
Critique: Is the Cultural Approach Useful?	297	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	298	(1)
A Second Look	299	(1)
Critical Theory of Communication Approach to Organizations of Stanley Deetz	300	(19)
Corporate Colonization of Everyday Life	301	(1)
Information Versus Communication: A Difference That Makes a Difference	302	(2)
Strategy: Overt Managerial Moves to Extend Control	304	(2)
Consent: Willing Allegiance to Covert Control	306	(2)
Involvement: Free Expression of Ideas, but No Voice	308	(1)
Participation: Stakeholder Democracy in Action	309	(1)
Models of Stakeholder Participation	310	(1)
Critique: Is Workplace Democracy Just a Dream?	311	(2)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	313	(1)
Conversations: Stan Deetz	314	(1)
A Second Look	314	(2)
Public Rhetoric	316	(3)
The Rhetoric of Aristotle	319	(10)
Rhetoric: Making Persuasion Probable	320	(1)
Rhetorical Proof: Logos, Ethos, Pathos	320	(5)
Case Study: ``I Have a Dream''	321	(1)
Logical Proof: Lines of Argument That Make Sense	321	(2)
Ethical Proof: Perceived Source Credibility	323	(1)
Emotional Proof: Striking a Responsive Chord	324	(1)
The Five Canons of Rhetoric	325	(1)
Critique: Standing the Test of Time	326	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	327	(1)
A Second Look	327	(2)
Dramatism of Kenneth Burke	329	(10)
Identification: Without It, There Is No Persuasion	330	(1)
The Dramatistic Pentad	331	(1)
Guilt-Redemption Cycle: The Root of All Rhetoric	332	(3)
Redemption Through Victimage	333	(2)
A Rhetorical Critique Using Dramatistic Insight	335	(1)
Malcolm X, ``The Ballot or the Bullet''	335	(1)
Critique: Evaluating the Critic's Analysis	336	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	337	(1)
A Second Look	338	(1)
Narrative Paradigm of Walter Fisher	339	(14)
Telling a Compelling Story	340	(1)
Narration and Paradigm: Defining the Terms	341	(1)
Paradigm Shift: From a Rational World Paradigm to a Narrative One	342	(2)
Narrative Rationality: Coherence and Fidelity	344	(2)
Narrative Coherence: Does the Story Hang Together?	344	(1)
Narrative Fidelity: Does the Story Ring True and Humane?	345	(1)
Critique: Does Fisher's Story Have Coherence and Fidelity?	346	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	347	(1)
A Second Look	348	(1)
Ethical Reflections	349	(1)
Aristotle's Golden Mean	349	(1)
Cornel West's Prophetic Pragmatism	350	(3)
DIVISION FOUR MASS COMMUNICATION	353	(70)
Media and Culture	354	(4)
Semiotics of Roland Barthes	358	(12)
Wrestling with Signs	359	(2)
A Sign Is the Combination of Its Signifier and Signified	359	(1)
A Sign Does Not Stand on Its Own: It Is Part of a System	360	(1)
The Yellow Ribbon Transformation: From Forgiveness to Pride	361	(1)
The Making of Myth: Stripping the Sign of Its History	362	(2)
Unmasking the Myth of a Homogeneous Society	364	(2)
The Semiotics of Mass Communication: ``I'd Like to Be Like Mike''	366	(1)
Critique: Do Mythic Signs Always Reaffirm the Status Quo?	367	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	368	(1)
A Second Look	368	(2)
Cultural Studies of Stuart Hall	370	(15)
The Media as Powerful Ideological Tools	371	(1)
Early Cultural Critics	372	(2)
Making Meaning	374	(1)
Corporate Control of Mass Communication	374	(1)
The Media Role in the 1991 Gulf War	375	(1)
Post-9/11 Media Coverage: The Chill of Constraint	376	(2)
An Obstinate Audience	378	(1)
Critique: Your Judgment Will Depend on Your Ideology	379	(2)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	381	(1)
A Second Look	381	(2)
Media Effects	383	(2)
Cultivation Theory of George Gerbner	385	(10)
An Index of Violence	386	(1)
Equal Violence, Unequal Risk	387	(1)
Establishing a Viewer Profile	388	(1)
Minds Plowed by Television Grow Fearful Thoughts	388	(1)
Mainstreaming	389	(1)
Resonance	390	(1)
Critique: Is the Cultivation Differential Real, Large, Crucial?	391	(2)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	393	(1)
A Second Look	393	(2)
Agenda-Setting Theory of Maxwell McCombs & Donald Shaw	395	(13)
The Original Agenda: Not What to Think, but What to Think About	395	(1)
A Theory Whose Time Had Come	396	(1)
Media Agenda and Public Agenda: A Close Match	397	(1)
What Causes What?	398	(1)
Who Sets the Agenda for the Agenda Setters?	399	(1)
Who Is Most Affected by the Media Agenda?	400	(1)
Framing: Transferring the Salience of Attributes	401	(1)
Not Just What to Think About, but How to Think About It	402	(1)
Beyond Opinion: The Behavioral Effect of the Media's Agenda	403	(2)
Will New Media Continue to Guide Focus, Opinions, and Behavior?	404	(1)
Critique: Are the Effects Too Limited, the Scope Too Wide?	405	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	406	(1)
Conversations: Max McCombs	406	(1)
A Second Look	407	(1)
Spiral of Silence of Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann	408	(15)
A Quasi-Statistical Organ Sensing the Climate of Opinion	409	(1)
Fear of Isolation: The Engine That Drives the Spiral of Silence	409	(1)
The Powerful Role of the Mass Media	410	(2)
A Time to Speak and a Time to Keep Silent	412	(2)
The Accelerating Spiral of Silence	414	(2)
The Hard Core and Avant-Garde: Holdouts Who Can Change the World	416	(1)
Critique: Fatal Flaws in Mapping the Spiral?	416	(2)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	418	(1)
A Second Look	419	(1)
Ethical Reflections	420	(1)
Jurgen Habermas' Discourse Ethics	420	(2)
Clifford Christians' Communitarian Ethics	422	(1)
DIVISION FIVE CULTURAL CONTEXT	423	(88)
Intercultural Communication	424	(2)
Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory of William Gudykunst	426	(13)
Enter the Stranger	426	(1)
Effective Communication: Thwarted by Anxiety and Uncertainty	427	(4)
Lower and Upper Thresholds for Fears and Doubts	430	(1)
Mindfulness: Conscious Choice Rather Than Scripted Behavior	431	(1)
Causes of Anxiety and Uncertainty in Intercultural Encounters	432	(4)
Self-Concept	433	(1)
Motivation to Interact	433	(1)
Reactions to Strangers	434	(1)
Social Categorization of Strangers	434	(1)
Situational Processes	435	(1)
Connections with Strangers	435	(1)
Ethical Interactions	435	(1)
Critique: Reflections on the Choices That Gudykunst Made	436	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	437	(1)
A Second Look	438	(1)
Face-Negotiation Theory of Stella Ting-Toomey	439	(15)
Collectivistic and Individualistic Cultures	441	(1)
Self-Construal: Varied Self-Images Within a Culture	442	(1)
The Multiple Faces of Face	443	(2)
Predictable Styles of Conflict Management	445	(3)
Application: Competent Intercultural Facework	448	(1)
Critique: Passing the Test with a Good Grade	449	(2)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	451	(1)
Conversations: Stella Ting-Toomey	452	(1)
A Second Look	452	(2)
Speech Codes Theory of Gerry Philipsen	454	(16)
The Distinctiveness of Speech Codes	456	(1)
The Multiplicity of Speech Codes	456	(1)
The Substance of Speech Codes	457	(1)
The Interpretation of Speech Codes	458	(2)
The Site of Speech Codes	460	(1)
The Force of Speech Codes in Discussions	461	(1)
Performance Ethnography	462	(1)
Critique: Different Speech Codes in Communication Theory	463	(2)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	465	(1)
Conversations: Gerry Philipsen	465	(1)
A Second Look	465	(2)
Gender and Communication	467	(3)
Genderlect Styles of Deborah Tannen	470	(12)
When Harry Met Sally: The Clash of Two Cultures	471	(2)
Women's Desire for Connection Versus Men's Desire for Status	473	(1)
Rapport Talk Versus Report Talk	473	(3)
Public Speaking Versus Private Speaking	474	(1)
Telling a Story	474	(1)
Listening	475	(1)
Asking Questions	475	(1)
Conflict	476	(1)
``Now You're Beginning to Understand''	476	(2)
Critique: Is Tannen Soft on Research and Men?	478	(2)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	480	(1)
A Second Look	480	(2)
Standpoint Theory of Sandra Harding & Julia T. Wood	482	(12)
A Feminist Standpoint Rooted in Philosophy and Literature	483	(2)
Women as a Marginalized Group	485	(2)
Knowledge from Nowhere Versus Local Knowledge	487	(1)
Strong Objectivity: Less Partial Views from the Standpoint of Women	488	(1)
Theory to Practice: Communication Research Based on Women's Lives	489	(1)
The Standpoint of Black Feminist Thought	490	(1)
Critique: Do Standpoints on the Margins Give a Less False View?	491	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	492	(1)
A Second Look	493	(1)
Muted Group Theory of Cheris Kramarae	494	(17)
Muted Groups: Black Holes in Someone Else's Universe	495	(1)
The Masculine Power to Name Experience	496	(1)
Men as the Gatekeepers of Communication	497	(1)
The Unfulfilled Promise of the Internet	498	(1)
Women's Truth into Men's Talk: The Problem of Translation	499	(2)
Speaking Out in Private: Networking with Women	501	(1)
Speaking Out in Public: A Feminist Dictionary	502	(1)
Sexual Harassment: Coining a Term to Label Experience	502	(2)
Critique: Is a Good Man Hard to Find (and Change)?	504	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	505	(1)
Conversations: Cheris Kramarae	505	(1)
A Second Look	506	(1)
Ethical Reflections	507	(1)
Carol Gilligan's Different Voice	507	(1)
Seyla Benhabib's Interactive Universalism	508	(3)
DIVISION SIX INTEGRATION	511
Communication Theory	512	(4)
Order Out of Chaos	516
Plotting Theories on an Objective-Interpretive Scale	517	(2)
``On the One Hand...On the Other''	519	(1)
Four Options for Scholars: Reject, Respect, Cooperate, Merge	520	(4)
Rejecting Inferior Scholarship	520	(1)
Respecting and Celebrating Differences	521	(1)
Cooperating with Needed Colleagues	522	(1)
Legitimizing the Child of a Shotgun Marriage (Merge)	523	(1)
A Final Note	524	(1)
Questions to Sharpen Your Focus	525	(1)
A Second Look	525
Appendix A: Abstracts of Theories	1	(5)
Appendix B: Feature Films That Illustrate Communication Theories	6	(2)
Appendix C: NCA Credo for Communication Ethics	8
Endnotes	1	(1)
Credits and Acknowledgments	1	(1)
Index	1