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9780312653620

First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780312653620

  • ISBN10:

    031265362X

  • Edition: 4th
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2011-08-23
  • Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's
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Summary

First Peoples'distinctive approach continues to make it the bestselling and most highly acclaimed text for the American Indian history survey. Respected scholar Colin G. Calloway provides a solid foundation grounded in timely scholarship and a narrative that brings a largely untold history to students. The signature "docutext" format of First Peoplesstrikes the ideal balance, combining in every chapter a compelling narrative and rich written and visual documents from Native and non-Native voices alike. An expansion by two full chapters presents a more diverse and nuanced picture of the history of Native peoples in America.

Author Biography

Colin G. Calloway is John Kimball Jr. 1943 Professor of History and Professor of Native American Studies at Dartmouth College. He served for two years as associate director and editor at the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American Indian at the Newberry Library in Chicago and taught for seven years at the University of Wyoming. Professor Calloway has written many books on Native American history, including White People, Indians, and Highlanders: Tribal Peoples and Colonial Encounters in Scotland and America; The Shawnees and the War for America; The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America; One Vast Winter Count: The Native American West Before Lewis and Clark; and two books for the Bedford Series in History and Culture: Our Hearts Fell to  the Ground: Plains Indians Views of How the West Was Lost, and The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early America.

Table of Contents

Preface
Maps, Tables, and Charts
 
INTRODUCTION: AMERICAN INDIANS IN AMERICAN HISTORY
Perspectives on the Past
America’s Master Narrative
Indian History: A Shared Past
Working with Sources
A Note on Name Usage and Geographic Focus

References
CHAPTER 1: AMERICAN HISTORY BEFORE COLUMBUS
Determining What Came Before
     Precontact Population
     Creation Stories and Migration Theories
     Debates over Native Origins
Glimpses of Precontact Societies
     West Coast Affluence
     Columbia Plateau Fishers
     Great Basin Foragers
     First Buffalo Hunters of the Plains
     First Farmers of the Southwest
     Farmers and Mound Builders of the Eastern Woodlands
     Emerging Tribes and Confederacies
Seaborne Strangers
     The Prophesied Arrival
DOCUMENTS
A Navajo Emergence Story
     HASTIN TLO’TSI HEE, The Beginning
Corn and Game: Women and Men in Cherokee Society
     Kana'ti and Selu
The Iroquois Great League of Peace
     CHIEFS OF THE SIX NATIONS, The Laws of the Confederacy (1900)
PICTURE ESSAY: Early American Towns and Cities
     The Ruins of Pueblo Bonito
     Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde
     Taos Pueblo
     Cahokia Mounds, c. A.D. 1150–1200
     JOHN WHITE, Indian Village of Secoton (1585)
References
Suggested Readings
 
CHAPTER 2: THE INVASIONS OF AMERICA, 1492–1680
First Contacts and Mutual Appraisals
     Native America through the European Lens
     Enduring Images
Columbian Exchanges
     Changing New World Landscapes
     Biological Catastrophes
Indians Confront the Spanish
     A Mission for Gold and God
     Conquest of the Aztecs
     Searching for Other Empires
     North American Attempts to Colonize and Christianize
     The Pueblo War of Independence
Indians Confront the French
     Commerce and Conflict
     Pelts and Priests
Indians Confront the English
     Securing a Beachhead in Virginia 
     Making a New England
     King Philip’s War
DOCUMENTS
A Narrative of the de Soto Invasion

     RODRIGO RANGEL AND GONZALO FERNÁNDEZ DE OVIEDO, Account of the Northern Conquest and Discovery of Hernando de Soto (c. 1546)
An Indian Explanation of the Pueblo Revolt
     Declaration of the Indian Juan (1681)
Jesuits and Hurons in New France
     JEAN DE BRÉBEUF, The Mission to the Hurons (1635–37)
A Mi'kmaq Questions French “Civilization”
     CHRESTIEN LECLERQ, A Mi'kmaq Responds to the French (1677)
Metacomet Explains the Causes of “King Philip’s War”
     JOHN EASTON, A Relacion of the Indyan Warre (1675)
PICTURE ESSAY: Indian Depictions of the Invaders
     A Tlaxcalan Depiction of Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán’s Conquest of Northwestern Mexico, c. 1530
Spaniards on Horseback
     George Washington Covenant Wampum Belt, c. 1790
     Haidi Carving of a Missionary, c. 1877
     Haidi Argillite Figure Group, c. 1850
     JONATHAN WARM DAY, The Last Supper (1991)
References
Suggested Readings
 
CHAPTER 3: INDIANS IN COLONIAL WORLDS, 1680–1763
Economic and Cultural Exchanges

     Indians in Colonial Societies
     Colonists in Indian Societies
Fur Trades and Slave Trades
     The Impact of the Fur Trade 
     The Cost of the Fur Trade
     Indian Slavery
Diplomacy in Colonial America
     The Language and Lessons of Diplomacy
     Attempts at Diplomatic Balance
Wars for America
     A World Transformed by War
     The French and English War
     Division within Tribal Communities
     Captives Taken, Captives Returned
Responses to Change in the West: Indian Power on the Plains
     Horses Transform the Plains
     Jostling for Position on the Plains
     At the Confluence of Guns and Horses
     European Competitors on the Southern Plains
DOCUMENTS
The Treaty of Lancaster

     CANASATEGO, Speeches at the Treaty of Lancaster (1744)
The Abenakis Defy the English
     ATEAWANETO, Speech Resisting Colonial Expansion (1752)
A Captive with the Senecas
MARY JEMISON (DICKEWAMIS), A Narrative of Her Life (1824)
War and Diplomacy in the Southwest
     DON TOMÁS VÉLEZ CACHUPÍN, Instructions of Don Tomás Vélez Cachupín (1754)
PICTURE ESSAY: Atlantic Travelers: Indians in Eighteenth-Century London
     JOHN VERELST, Tee Yee Neen Ho Ga Row (Hendrick, “Emperor of the Six Nations”) (c. 1710)
     ISAAC BASIRE, Seven Cherokees (1730)
     WILLIAM VERELST, The Common Council of Georgia Receiving the Indian Chiefs (1734–35)
     FRANCIS PARSONS, Cunne Shote (1762)
     JONATHAN SPILSBURY, after Mason Chamberlin, The Reverend Mr. Samson Occom (1768)
References
Suggested Readings
 
CHAPTER 4: REVOLUTIONS EAST AND WEST, 1763–1800
Worlds Turned Upside Down

     Pontiac’s War: Indians Confront New Empires
     Attempting to Draw a Line
Indians and the American Revolution
     Indian Loyalties Divided
     Treaties of Peace and Conquest
Indians Confront an Expanding Nation
     The United States Develops an Indian — and a Land — Policy
     Indians Build a United Defense
Upheavals in the West
     Colliding Empires on the Southern Plains
     California Missions
     The Pacific Northwest Pelt Rush
     Smallpox Used Them Up
DOCUMENTS
The Revolution Comes to the Cherokees
     HENRY STUART, Report from Cherokee Country (1776)
Memories of War and Smallpox
     SAUKAMAPPEE, “We knew nothing until it brought death among us” (1787–88)
An Indian Solution to the Conflict over Indian Lands
     WESTERN INDIANS, Message to the Commissioners of the United States (1793)
PICTURE ESSAY: Northwest Coast Indians on the Brink: The Drawings of John Webber
     JOHN WEBBER, A View in Ship Cove, Nootka Sound (1778)
     JOHN WEBBER, Interior of Habitation at Nootka Sound (1778)
     JOHN WEBBER, A Woman of Nootka Sound (1778)
     JOHN WEBBER, A Man of Nootka Sound (1778)
     JOHN WEBBER, A Woman of Prince William’s Island (1778)
     JOHN WEBBER, A Man of Oonalashka (1778)
References
Suggested Readings
 
CHAPTER 5: AMERICAN INDIANS AND THE NEW NATION, 1800–1840
Accommodating and Resisting Change

     Adapting to New Ways
     The Last Phases of United Indian Resistance
Lewis and Clark in Indian Country
     Encounters on the Missouri
     Over the Mountains and Back
Indian Removals
     Roots of the Removal Policy
     The Cherokee Resistance
     Implementing Removal in the South
     Removal in the North
     Surviving behind the Frontier
DOCUMENTS
A Double Homicide at Two Medicine
     MERIWETHER LEWIS, An Account of His Fight with the Blackfeet (1806)
Cherokee Women Oppose Land Sales and Removals
     CHEROKEE WOMEN, Petition (May 2, 1817) and Petition (June 30, 1818)
Foundations of Federal Indian Law and a Native Response
     JOHN MARSHALL, Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia (1831) and Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
     JOHN ROSS, Reactions to Worcester v. Georgia: Letter to Richard Taylor, John Baldridge, Sleeping Rabbit, Sicketowee, and Wahachee (April 28, 1832)
Race, Class, and History in Nineteenth-Century New England
     WILLIAM APESS, An Indian’s Looking Glass for the White Man (1833)
PICTURE ESSAY: Indian Life on the Upper Missouri: A Catlin/Bodmer Portfolio
     KARL BODMER, The Interior of the Hut of a Mandan Chief
     Diagram of the Interior of an Earth Lodge
     GEORGE CATLIN, Mint, a Pretty Girl
     KARL BODMER, Pehriska-Ruhpa, Moennitarri Warrior, in the Costume of the Dog Danse
     GEORGE CATLIN, Pigeon’s Egg Head (The Light) Going to and Returning from Washington
References
Suggested Readings
 
CHAPTER 6: DEFENDING THE WEST, 1840–1890
Invaders from the East: Incursions before the American Civil War

     The Ravages of Disease
     Ethnic Cleansing in Texas, c. 1836–48
     American Empire Reaches the Pacific, 1846–56
     Opening Clashes on the Plains, 1851–56
Wars and Treaties, 1861–74
     Indian Experiences during the American Civil War
     Final Treaties and Ongoing Conflicts, 1866–74
Land Seizure and Removal to Reservations
     Battles for Sacred Lands and Homelands, 1875–78
     The End of Apache Resistance
Different Strategies for Survival
     Indian Scouts and Allies
     Return of the Prophets
DOCUMENTS
Sixty Years of Kiowa History
     The Dohasan Calendar (1832–92)
Protection and Exploitation in the State of California
     An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians (April 22, 1850)
The Treaty of Fort Laramie and the Struggle for the Black Hills
     IRON SHELL, Brulé Sioux, “We want you to take away the forts from the country.” (April 28, 1868)
     ONE HORN, Miniconjou, “This is our land, and yet you blame us for fighting for it.” (May 27, 1868)
     Treaty with the Sioux — Brulé, Oglala, Miniconjou, Yanktonai, Hunkpapa, Blackfeet, Cuthead, Two Kettle, Sans Arcs, and Santee — and Arapaho (1868)
Chief Joseph’s Plea for Freedom
     CHIEF JOSEPH, An Indian’s View of Indian Affairs (1879)
PICTURE ESSAY: The Battle of the Little Bighorn in Myth and History
     WILLIAM CAREY, The Death Struggle of General Custer (1876)
     Custer’s Last Stand (1904)
     They Died with Their Boots On (1941)
     Little Big Man (1970)
     Lakotas Fighting Custer’s Command
     Custer’s Dead Cavalry
References
Suggested Readings
 
CHAPTER 7: “KILL THE INDIAN AND SAVE THE MAN,” 1870S–1920S
Americanizing the American Indian
     Policies of Detribalization
     Resistance Takes New Forms
     The Dawes Allotment Act (1887)
     Indian Territory Becomes Oklahoma
The Educational Assault on Indian Children
     Removing Children from the Tribe
     Life in the Schools
     Surviving the Schools, Using the Education
     The Two Worlds of Ohiyesa and Charles Eastman
Native Americans Enter the Twentieth Century
     “I Still Live”: Indians in American Society
     Cultural Expression and the American Way
     A New Generation of Leaders
     Soldiers and Citizens
     Indian Affairs on the Eve of the Great Depression
DOCUMENTS
Dismantling Tribes and Their Homelands
     MERRILL E. GATES, From the Seventeenth Annual Report of the Board of Indian Commissioners (1885)
An Indian View of the Indian Bureau
     CARLOS MONTEZUMA, What Indians Must Do (1914)
Sioux School Experiences
     LUTHER STANDING BEAR, What a School Could Have Been Established (1933)
     ZITKALA-ŠA, The Melancholy of Those Black Days (1921)
PICTURE ESSAY: The Fort Marion Artists
     HOWLING WOLF, Cheyenne Warrior Striking an Enemy
     Courtship Scene
     PAUL CARYL ZOTOM, On the Parapet of Ft. Marion Next Day after Arrival (c. 1875)
     Distribution of Goods
     CHIEF KILLER, Education of the Fort Marion Prisoners (1875–78)
     WOHAW, Self-Portrait, c. 1876–77
References
Suggested Readings
 
CHAPTER 8: FROM THE GREAT CRASH TO ALCATRAZ, 1929–1969
A New Era in Indian Affairs?
     John Collier and the Indian New Deal
     The Indian Reorganization Act
     Opposing and Disputing the IRA
     Indians and World War II
Termination
     The Indian Claims Commission
     Removing the Government’s Trust Responsibilities
     Relocation and Urban Indians
     Drowning Homelands
A Younger Generation Responds
     Upheaval in America
     The Rise of Indian Militancy
DOCUMENTS
Two Views of the Indian Reorganization Act
     JOHN COLLIER, An “Indian Renaissance,” from the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1935)
     ROBERT BURNETTE AND JOHN KOSTER, A Blueprint for Elected Tyranny (1974)
Indians in the Cities
     ANONYMOUS, Life in the City: Chicago (c. 1970)
     IGNATIA BROKER, Brought to a Brotherhood (1983)
Documents of Indian Militancy
     CLYDE WARRIOR, “We Are Not Free”: From Testimony before the President’s National Advisory Commission on Rural Poverty (1967)
     INDIANS OF ALL TRIBES, Proclamation to the Great White Father and to All His People (1969)
PICTURE ESSAY: Indians and World War II
     Banning the Swastika
     Iroquois Declare War on the Axis Powers on the Steps of the U.S. Capitol
     Indian Women in the Marine Corps Reserve
     Navajo Code Talkers
     Flag Raising at Iwo Jima
     QUINCY TAHOMA, First Furlough (1943)
References
Suggested Readings
 
CHAPTER 9: SELF-DETERMINATION AND SOVEREIGNTY, 1970–2010
New Policies, New Militancy

     The American Indian Movement
     Siege at Wounded Knee
     Legacies of Wounded Knee
From Paternalism to Partnership
     Protecting Women’s Reproductive Rights
     Regaining Rights: Child Welfare and Religious Freedom
Taking Back Education and Bringing Home Ancestors
     Indian Education for Indian Students
     Repatriation
The Struggle for Natural Resources
     Coal, Uranium, and Oil
     Fighting For and Against Water
Sovereignty Goes to Court
     Victories for Tribal Rights
     Chipping Away at Tribal Sovereignty
DOCUMENTS
A Woman’s View from Wounded Knee

     MARY CROW DOG, I Would Have My Baby at Wounded Knee (1991)
The Supreme Court and Tribal Sovereignty
     SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES, Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978)
Tribal Colleges: Indian Education for Indian People
     THE CARNEGIE FOUNDATION, From Tribal Colleges: Shaping the Future of Native America (1989)
Indian Leadership at the End of the Twentieth Century
     VINE DELORIA, JR., The Popularity of Being Indian: A New Trend in Contemporary American Society (1984)
     WILMA MANKILLER, Returning the Balance (1993)
PICTURE ESSAY: Indian Artists Depict Modern Indian Life
     MARCUS AMERMAN, The Gathering (1997)
     T. C. CANNON, Collector #5, or Man in Wicker Chair (c. 1975)
     HARRY FONSECA, Coyote Woman in the City (1979)
     DAVID BRADLEY, American Gothic, Ghost Dancers (2009)
     KAY WALKINGSTICK, You’re not an Indian, you weren’t born on the reservation (1993)
References
Suggested Readings
 
CHAPTER 10: NATIONS WITHIN A NATION: INDIAN COUNTRY TODAY
A Twenty-First-Century Renaissance

     The Census: An Evolving Profile of Indian America
     Who Is an Indian?
     “Recognized” and “Nonrecognized” Tribes
     Old Stereotypes and New Images
A New Era in Washington?
     Changes at the BIA
     A New Museum
     A New Embassy and a New “White Father”
Self-Rule and Self-Help
     Nations, Not Minorities
     Triple Citizens
Homelands or Wastelands
     Nuclear Waste in Indian Country
     The Earth Hurts
Building Prosperity in Indian Country
     Economic Success through Sovereignty
     Gaming: A Devil’s Bargain?
Building Well Nations
     Confronting Drugs and Alcohol
     Balancing Ways of Healing
     Preserving Language and Culture
DOCUMENTS
Playing Indian and Fighting Mascots
     TIM GIAGO, Mascots, Spirituality, and Insensitivity (1991)
     S. L. PRICE, The Indian Wars (2002)
Justice in Indian Country
     CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERT YAZZIE, Life Comes from It: Navajo Justice (1994)
     N. BRUCE DUTHU, Broken Justice in Indian Country (2008)
U.S.–Indian Relations on a World Stage
     GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE UNITED NATIONS, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (September 13, 2007)
PICTURE ESSAY: Tribal Sovereignty in Action
     Pawnee Nation Flag
     Tribal Police
     Navajo Supreme Court
     Cheyenne Arapaho License Plate
     Iroquois Passport
     Language Preservation – Phraselator
References
Suggested Readings
 
Appendix I. General Reference Works
Appendix II. Film Resources
Index

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