Fish Physiology: Zebrafish

by Perry; Ekker; Farrell; Brauner

• ISBN13: 9780123749833
• ISBN10: 0123749832
• eBook ISBN(s): 9780123749833
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780080961378
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-05-14
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

This cutting-edge resource includes up-to-date information on zebrafish physiology and the tools used to study it, not only as a model species for studies of other vertebrates but with application for studies of human disease and aquatic toxicology. The utility of zebrafish for physiological research is based on several key features including i) a "fully" sequenced genome, ii) rapid (~3 month) generation times), iii) their capacity to produce large numbers of externally fertilized eggs, iv) optical transparency of embryos and larvae, and v) the applicability of reverse and forward genetics to assess gene function. Gene knockdown in embryos and the production of transgenic strains are now standard techniques being used to assess physiology. This book will be of keen interest not only to the typical readers of Fish Physiology but also to biomedical researchers, toxicologists and developmental biologists. Key Features * Integrates and synthesizes the biology of the zebrafish under one cover * Features contributions from the leading researchers in their fields * Reaches a wider audience of researchers and biologists with its broad inclusion of subjects relating to zebrafish physiology

Table of Contents

Contributors	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Genetic Tools
Introduction	p. 2
Forward Genetics: From Large Screens to Targeted Screens	p. 3
Reverse Genetics: Morpholino Knockdowns	p. 4
Reverse Genetics: TILLING	p. 8
Reverse Genetics: Zinc Finger Nucleases	p. 10
Gain of Function: Targeted Misexpression of Genes	p. 13
Genetic Ablation of Specific Cell Population	p. 16
Concluding Remarks	p. 18
Organization and Physiology of the Zebrafish Nervous System
Introduction	p. 26
Nervous System Development and General Organization	p. 29
General Organization of the Zebrafish Nervous System, Subdivisions and Main Functions	p. 35
The Peripheral Nervous System	p. 44
Sensory Systems	p. 47
Motor Systems and Integrative Centers	p. 50
Monoaminergic and Related Regulatory Systems	p. 51
Emotions and Cognition	p. 55
Nervous System Plasticity	p. 62
Zebrafish Vision: Structure and Function of the Zebrafish Visual System
Visual Ecology	p. 82
Structure of the Visual System	p. 82
Retinal Projections	p. 95
Optic Tectum	p. 97
Visual Behavior	p. 99
Complex Visual Behavior	p. 109
Concluding Remarks	p. 111
The Zebrafish Inner Ear
Introduction	p. 124
Development of the Inner Ear	p. 127
Generation and Homeostasis of Endolymph in the Zebrafish Inner Ear	p. 134
Zebrafish Sensory Hair Cells	p. 137
Mechanotransduction	p. 141
Neural Activity	p. 144
Otoliths	p. 147
Adult Hearing	p. 156
Concluding Remarks	p. 160
Endocrinology of Zebrafish: A Small Fish with a Large Gene Pool
Introduction	p. 174
Reproduction	p. 175
Stress: The Cortisol Stress Axis	p. 212
Growth	p. 214
Thyroidal Regulation	p. 221
Energy Homeostasis: Food Intake and Metabolism	p. 223
Osmoregulation	p. 229
Summary	p. 232
Developmental Physiology of the Zebrafish Cardiovascular System
Cardiovascular Disease: Models Wanted	p. 250
Current Models for Cardiovascular System Studies	p. 251
Filling a Niche with Zebrafish	p. 252
Unique Advantages of the Zebrafish for Cardiovascular Studies	p. 252
Vertebrate Cardiac Development	p. 253
Origin and Lineage of Cells in the Cardiovascular System	p. 253
Zebrafish Genetics and Development of the Cardiovascular System	p. 254
Genetic Infrastructure and Tools for Zebrafish Studies	p. 255
Zebrafish Cardiovascular Mutants	p. 255
Mutants Affecting Rate, Rhythm and Contractile Properties of the Heart	p. 258
Relationship Between Cardiovascular Function and Form	p. 260
Endothelial Cell Specification and Differentiation	p. 261
Specification of Artery and Vein	p. 261
Cell Migration of Angioblasts and Vascular Patterning	p. 263
Angiogenesis of the Intersegmental Vessels	p. 264
Lumenization of Vessels	p. 264
Vascular Stabilization, Mural Cells, and Extracellular Matrix	p. 265
Angiogenesis of Organs	p. 266
Chemical Biology Approaches to Study Cardiovascular Biology	p. 268
Forces that Influence Cardiovascular Development	p. 269
Endothelial Cell Survival	p. 273
Zebrafish Models for Vascular Anomalies	p. 273
Tools for the Study of Cardiovascular Physiology	p. 274
Vessel Regeneration	p. 275
Cardiac Regeneration	p. 276
Summary	p. 277
Respiration
Introduction	p. 290
The Principles of Gas Exchange	p. 291
The Site of Gas Exchange	p. 293
Convective Transport	p. 296
Metabolic Activity	p. 299
Hypoxic Effects	p. 301
Temperature Effects	p. 303
Future Perspectives	p. 305
Ionic and Acid-Base Regulation
Introduction	p. 312
Identification of Ionocytes in Skin/gills	p. 313
Sodium Uptake and Acid Secretion by Skin/gills	p. 315
Chloride Uptake and Base Excretion	p. 320
Calcium Uptake	p. 322
Ammonia Excretion	p. 323
Differentiation and Functional Regulation of Ionocytes	p. 325
Neuroendocrine Control of Ion Uptake and Acid-Base Regulation	p. 330
Renal Ionic and Acid-Base Regulation	p. 332
Conclusions and Perspectives	p. 334
The Zebrafish as a Model for Human Disease
Introduction	p. 346
Cancer	p. 347
Hematopoietic Disorders	p. 352
Cardiovascular Diseases	p. 357
Chemical Screening in Zebrafish	p. 359
Summary	p. 362
Perspectives on Zebrafish as a Model in Environmental Toxicology
Introduction	p. 368
Current Issues in Environmental Toxicology	p. 370
The Zebrafish Toxicology Landscape: Emergence of a New Model	p. 373
Molecular Environmental Toxicology: The Defensome Concept	p. 375
Advances and Insights with Zebrafish	p. 394
Toxicity and Environmental Assessment with Zebrafish	p. 406
Areas of Looming Significance and Promising Approaches	p. 411
Some Conclusions	p. 419
Index	p. 411
Other Volumes in the Fish Physiology Series	p. 453
Color Plate Section
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