Flood Warning, Forecasting and Emergency Response

by Sene, Kevin

• ISBN13: 9783540778523
• ISBN10: 3540778527
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-10-24
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

"This book provides a comprehensive account of flood warning, forecasting and emergency response processes, including techniques for predicting the development of flood events and for issuing appropriate warnings. Topics such as telemetry and information systems, flood warning economics, and river and coastal monitoring are also discussed. This book brings together many aspects of this interesting multidisciplinary topic and will serve as a valuable reference for researchers, policy makers and engineers." "Kevin Sene is a civil engineer and researcher whose experience includes developing flood warning and forecasting investment strategies, writing best practice guidelines in flood forecasting, and designing operational systems. With more than 20 years of experience, he has published some 45 scientific and conference papers on topics in hydrology, hydrometeorology and hydraulics." "Written for: Scientists, researchers, professionals, policy makers and engineers as a reference; will be of interest for graduate and undergraduate students."--BOOK JACKET.

Author Biography

The author K. Sene has wide practical experience in the implementation of operational flood warning and forecasting systems, together with research experience in hydrology, meteorology and information systems. He has also played a leading role in developing several best practice guidelines on flood forecasting techniques for use by engineers and policy makers.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. v
Acknowledgements	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
The Flood Warning Process	p. 1
The Nature of Flood Risk	p. 8
Flooding in Context	p. 8
Assessing Flood Risk	p. 9
Emergency Response	p. 13
The Role of Flood Forecasting	p. 15
Flood Warning
Detection	p. 21
Meteorological Conditons	p. 21
Site Specific Observations	p. 22
Remote Sensing	p. 28
Weather Forecasting	p. 33
River and Coastal Conditions	p. 36
River/Tidal Level Monitoring	p. 37
River Flow Monitoring	p. 39
Wave Monitoring	p. 42
Instrumentation Networks	p. 44
Telemetry Systems	p. 44
Network Design	p. 47
Thresholds	p. 51
Rainfall Thresholds	p. 51
River and Coastal Thresholds	p. 56
Introduction	p. 56
Simple Forecasting Techniques	p. 61
Performance Monitoring	p. 67
Dissemination	p. 71
Flood Warning Procedures	p. 71
Introduction	p. 71
Flood Warning Areas	p. 73
Organisational Issues	p. 75
Control Rooms	p. 77
Dissemination Techniques	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
Role of Information Technology	p. 81
Warning Messages	p. 84
Design and Implementation	p. 87
Flood Forecasting
General Principles	p. 93
Model Design Considerations	p. 93
Forecasting Systems	p. 97
Data Assimilation	p. 104
Error Prediction	p. 106
State and Parameter Updating	p. 107
Other Techniques	p. 108
Model Calibration and Performance	p. 108
Basic Concepts	p. 108
Model Calibration	p. 110
Performance Measures	p. 113
Model Uncertainty	p. 114
Rivers	p. 123
Model Design	p. 123
Forecasting Requirement	p. 124
Data Availability	p. 126
Type of Model	p. 128
Rainfall Runoff Models	p. 132
Introduction	p. 132
Process-Based Models	p. 135
Conceptual Models	p. 137
Data-Based Methods	p. 139
River Channel Models	p. 141
Introduction	p. 141
Process Based Models	p. 142
Conceptual Models	p. 145
Data Based Methods	p. 146
Coasts	p. 149
Model Design Issues	p. 149
Process-Based Models	p. 156
Astronomical Tide Prediction	p. 156
Surge Forecasting	p. 157
Wave Forecasting	p. 165
Shoreline Processes	p. 167
Data-Based Methods	p. 169
Artificial Neural Networks	p. 169
Other Techniques	p. 171
Selected Applications	p. 175
Integrated Catchment Models	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Modelling Approach	p. 177
Ungauged Inflows	p. 178
Flash Flood Forecasting	p. 181
Snow and Ice	p. 185
Snowmelt Forecasting	p. 185
River Ice Forecasting	p. 188
Control Structures	p. 190
Dams and Reservoirs	p. 190
River Control Structures	p. 195
Tidal Barriers	p. 198
Urban Drainage	p. 199
Geotechnical Risks	p. 202
Structural Risks	p. 203
Earth Movements	p. 205
Emergency Response
Preparedness	p. 209
Flood Emergency Planning	p. 209
General Principles	p. 209
Risk Assessments	p. 214
All-Hazard Approaches	p. 217
Validation and Testing of Plans	p. 219
Resilience	p. 220
Introduction	p. 220
Analysis Techniques	p. 224
Role of Information Technology	p. 226
Introduction	p. 226
Geographical Information Systems	p. 227
Visualisation and Simulation	p. 228
Response	p. 231
Flood Event Management	p. 231
Preparatory Actions	p. 231
Timelines	p. 234
Decision Support Systems	p. 237
Dealing with Uncertainty	p. 244
	p. 249
Performance Monitoring	p. 249
Performance Improvements	p. 253
Detection	p. 254
Thresholds	p. 255
Dissemination	p. 256
Forecasting	p. 257
Preparedness	p. 258
Response	p. 258
Prioritising Investment	p. 260
Cost Benefit Analysis	p. 261
Multi Criteria and Risk Based Analysis	p. 265
Glossary	p. 267
References	p. 275
Index	p. 299
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