Fluid Dynamics of Packed Columns: Principles of the Fluid Dynamic Design of Columns for Gas/ Liquid and Liquid/Liquid Systems

by Mackowiak, Jerzy

• ISBN13: 9783540887805
• ISBN10: 3540887806
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-03-01
• Publisher: SPRINGER

Summary

This book provides support to experts as well as graduate students in their daily work. It describes the basic principles design of columns equipped with modern lattice packings and structured packed beds, as generally used in industry. The author introduces a standardized form of presentation for the fluid dynamics of packed columns, based on more than 150 well-known random and structured packings as well as stacked packing elements and tube columns. Basic design principles were created using a large data collection of about 10,000 experimental pressure-drop data points, 1,100 hold-up data points, and 1,200 experimental flooding-point data points.

Author Biography

Dr.-Ing. habil. Jerzy Mackowiak studied Chemical Engineering at the Technological University of Wroclaw (Poland), where he obtained a doctorate in 1975. He subsequently studied Mathematics at the University of Wroclaw. From 1976 to 1989, he worked at the Chair of Professor R. Billet at the Institute for Thermal Separation Processes in Bochum, where his final post was as Academic Director. During this time, he was mainly responsible for the development and the creation of data for the design of various lattice packings. Since 1989, he has been Managing Director at Envicon Engineering GmbH, now Envimac Engineering GmbH (Ltd.), in Dinslaken. He completed his postdoctoral qualification in 1991 under Prof. Koch and Prof. Mersmann (Munich) at the Technological University of Wroclaw.  

Table of Contents

Principles of the Fluid Dynamic Design of Packed Columns for Gas/Liquid System
Introduction	p. 11
General Information on Packed Columns	p. 11
Development of Packed Columns and Their Significance in Rectification and Absorption Technology	p. 14
Brief Overview of Existing Monographs and\or Complex Reviews on Packed Column Design	p. 17
Conclusion Chapter 1	p. 21
Two-Phase Flow and Operating Range	p. 25
Hydraulic Processes in Packed Columns	p. 25
Flooding Point	p. 29
Flooding Mechanisms	p. 29
Droplet Formation in Packed Columns	p. 31
Literature Overview - Status of Knowledge	p. 34
New Model of Suspended Bed of Droplets (SBD) for Determining Gas Velocity uV,Fl at Flooding Point	p. 44
Conclusions Chapter 2.2	p. 88
Determining Column Diameter	p. 93
Lower Lading Line	p. 93
Conclusions Section 2.4	p. 94
Pressure Drop of Dry Packed Columns	p. 123
Introduction	p. 123
Law of Resistance for Single-Phase Flow in Packed Columns	p. 123
Determining the Resistance Coefficient ¿ for Pall Rings	p. 127
Determining the Resistance Coefficient for Other Random Packings	p. 131
Determining the Resistance Coefficient ¿ for Structured Packings	p. 133
Introducing a Channel Model Based on Partially Perforated Channel Walls	p. 140
Determining the Resistance Coefficient for Non-perforated Packing Elements	p. 142
Determining the Pressure Drop in Single-Phase Flow - Final Equation	p. 143
Evaluation of Results	p. 143
Conclusions Chapter 3	p. 145
Pressure Drop of Irrigated Random and Structured Packings	p. 175
Introduction and Literature Overview	p. 175
Significance of Pressure Drop for Packed Column Design	p. 175
Literature Overview	p. 176
Liquid Hold-Up	p. 183
Basic Terms	p. 184
Static Liquid Hold-Up	p. 184
Dynamic Liquid Load Below the Loading Line	p. 185
Analysing the Influence of Various Parameters on Liquid Hold-Up, Based on Literature Data	p. 188
Test Method, Systems and Packing Elements	p. 190
Experimental Results	p. 190
Conclusions Section 4.2	p. 204
Model for Determining the Pressured Drop of Irrigated Random and Structured Packings, Based on the Known Resistance Coefficient ¿ for Single-Phase Flow and the Dimensionless Pressure Drop ¿p/¿p0	p. 207
Deriving the Model	p. 207
Comparing Calculated and Experimental Values for Laminar Liquid Flow, ReL <2	p. 209
Determining the Parameter CB for Turbulent Liquid Flow	p. 211
Comparing Calculated and Experimental Values for Turbulent Liquid Flow	p. 214
Conclusions Section 4.3	p. 223
Pressure Drop of Irrigated Random and Structured Packings Based on the Law of Resistance for Two-Phase Flow	p. 247
Introduction	p. 247
Deriving the Model for Determining the Pressure Drop of Irrigated Random and Structured Packings	p. 247
Law of Resistance ¿VL = f(ReL) for Packed Columns with Two-Phase Flow - Deriving the Model	p. 248
Deriving the Equation for the Calculation of the Pressure Drop of Irrigated Random Packings	p. 249
Comparing Calculated and Experimental Values Throughout the Entire Operating Range of Packed Columns	p. 250
Evaluation of Results	p. 250
Fluid Dynamics of Packed Columns for Gas/Liquid Systems - Summary of Results	p. 275
General Information	p. 275
Determining the Flooding Point	p. 281
Liquid Hold-Up at Flooding Point	p. 282
Pressure Drop and Liquid Hold-Up	p. 282
Pressure Drop Below the Loading Line	p. 283
Liquid Hold-Up Below the Loading Line	p. 284
Pressure Drop and Liquid Hold-Up in the Range Between the Loading Line and the Flooding Point	p. 285
Pressure Drop at Flooding Point	p. 286
Pressure Drop Calculation Acc. to the ¿VL Model Presented in Chapter 5	p. 287
Notes on Tables Containing Technical Data of Random and Structured Packings as Well as Model Parameters ¿Fl/¿Fl,m for Determining Flooding Point and Pressure Drop	p. 287
Validity Range of Correlations	p. 288
FDPAK Programme for Fluid Dynamic Design of Columns with Modern Random and Structured Packings	p. 289
Programme Information	p. 289
Conclusions	p. 295
Principles of the Fluid Dynamic Design of Packed Columns for Liquid/Liquid Systems
Basic Principles of Packed Column Design for Liquid/Liquid Systems	p. 315
Introduction	p. 315
Two-Phase Flow and Operating Ranges	p. 317
Dispersed Phase Hold-Up in Packed Columns Containing Random and Structured Packings	p. 317
Droplet Diameter	p. 324
Determining the Flooding Point	p. 327
Introduction	p. 327
Rising and Falling Velocity of Droplets in Packings-New Model	p. 331
Modified Flooding Point Diagram [15]	p. 333
Model for Determining the Specific Flow Rate of the Dispersed Phase at Flooding Point for Liquid/Liquid Systems	p. 335
Conclusions	p. 338
Index	p. 351
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