Fluvial Processes in Geomorphology

by Leopold, Luna B.; Wolman, M. Gordon; Miller, John P.

• ISBN13: 9780486685885
• ISBN10: 0486685888
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1995-06-28
• Publisher: Dover Publications

Summary

A pioneering work in the study of landform development under processes associated with running water. 2 appendixes.

Table of Contents

PART I. THE EVOLVING LANDSCAPE
  Chapter 1. The Changing Scene
  Chapter 2. Geomorphology and the Field Problem
    Introduction
    A Mountain Block in a Semiarid Climate
    A Meandering River Cut into Bedrock
    Benches along a Sea Coast
PART II. PROCESS AND FORM
  Chapter 3. Climate and Denudational Processes
    Introduction: Processes of Upbuilding and of Downwasting
    Characteristics and Classification of Processes
    Erodibility
    Morphogenetic Regions
    "Interaction of Vegetation, Runoff, and Sediment Yield: an Example "
    Effective Climate in Geomorphology
    The Annual Water Budget
    Distribution of the Total Water Supply
    Frequency Distribution of Climatic Events
    Streamflow Fluctuation
    Flood Frequency
    The Frequency Concept and Geomorphic Processes
    Landforms in Relation to Frequency of Climatic Events
  Chapter 4. Weathering
    Rocks and Water-the Components of Weathering
    Materials Subject to Weathering
    Composition of Rain and Snow in Relation to Weathering
    Mineral-water Reactions
    Products of Chemical Weathering and Some Determining Factors
    Products of Weathering-Clay Minerals
    Effects of Removal by Erosion
    Effects of Weathering Sequence
    Effects of Transport of Materials
    Effects of Precipitation and Temperature
    Organic Matter
    Processes of Physical Weathering
    Products of Physical Weathering
    Rates of Weathering
    Soils: Introduction
    Factors That Affect Soil Formation
    Precipitation
    Parent Material
    Topography
    Biologic Factors
Chapter 5. The Drainage Basin as a Geomorphic Unit
    "Numbers, Lengths, and Orders of Stream Channels "
    Drainage Density and Texture
    Description of the Drainage Basin in Cross Section
Chapter 6. Water and Sediment in Channels
    Introduction
    Forces Acting in Channels
    Velocity and Its Distribution
    Factors Controlling Flow Velocity
    Energy Losses in Streamflow
    Measurement of Velocity and Discharge
    The Debris Load of Rivers: Introduction
    The Nature of Fluid Force and Its Relation to Debris Movement
    Bed Load and Suspended Load
    Computation of Sediment Load
    Measurement of Sediment Load
    The Stream Bed and Its Description
  Chapter 7. Channel Form and Process
    Shape of the Channel
    Riffles and Bars
    Variation of Hydraulic Characteristics at a Given Cross Section
    River-bed Scour During Floods
    Variation of Hydraulic Characteristics in a Downstream Direction
    Longitudinal Profile of the River Channel
    Observations on Artificial Base Level
    "Equilibrium, River Profiles, and Channel Geometry "
    Channel Pattern: Introduction
    Straight Channels
    Braided Channels
    Geometry of Meanders
    Flow in Meanders
    Initiation and Development of Meanders
    Meandering Valleys
    The River Flood Plain: Introduction
    Floods and the Flood Plain
    Flood Plain Formation
  Chapter 8. Hillslope Characteristics and Processes
    Features of Slopes
    Controls of the Form of Hillslopes
    Relation to Lithology and Environmental Controls
    Mass Movements: Introduction
    Landslides and Rockfalls
    Rapid Flows of Wet Debris
    Creep
    Overland Flow: General
    Runoff
    Erosion
    Lithology and Form
    Climate and Form
    Examples of Slope Forms in Different Regions
    Spitzbergen and Scandinavia
    Central Appalachian Mountain Region
    Hawaii
    Southern Sudan
    Southwestern United States
    South Africa
    Some Generalizations on the Forms of Hillslopes
PART III. THE EFFECTS OF TIME
  Chapter 9. Geochronology
    Introduction
    Historical Records
    Dendrochronology
    Archeological Methods
    Varves
    Pollen Analysis
    Radioactivity
    An Example of Geochronologic Problems
Chapter 10. Drainage Pattern Evolution
    Development of Rill Systems
    Effect of Longitudinal Profile on Tributary Junctions
    Probability and the Drainage Network
    Evolution of the Drainage Net
    Modes of Drainage Extension
    Limits of Drainage Development
Chapter 11. Channel Changes with Time
    Channel Aggradation and Accumulation of Valley Alluvium
    Degradation: Headcuts and Gullies
    The Discontinuous Gully
    Degradation of Channels as a Result of Changes in Hydrologic Regimen
    River Terraces
    Terrace Sequences and Correlation of Terrace Remnants
    Paleosols
    River Terraces and the Field Problem
  Chapter 12. Evolution of Hillslopes
    Divergent Views of Hillslope Evolution
    Types of Evidence Supporting Some Postulates On Landscape Evolution
    Ultimate Forms: Pediments .and Peneplains
    Models of Slope Evolution
APPENDIX A.Conversion of Units and Equivalents
APPENDIX B. Symbols and Nomenclature
INDEX