Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis

by Picó

• ISBN13: 9780444530196
• ISBN10: 0444530193
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-09-10
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis treats different aspects of the analysis of contaminants and residues in food, and highlights some current concerns facing this field. The content is initiated by an overview on food safety, the objectives and importance of determining contaminants and residues in food, and the problems and challenges associated to these analyses. This is followed by full details of relevant EU and USA regulations. Topics, such as conventional chromatographic methods, accommodating clean up, and preparing substances for further instrumental analysis, are encompassed with new analytical techniques that have been developed, significantly, over the last few years, like solid phase microextraction, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunoassays, and biosensors. A wide range of toxic contaminants and residues, from pesticides to mycotoxins or dioxins are examined, including also polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N-nitrosamines, heterocyclic amines, acrylamide, semicarbazide, phtalates and food packing migrating substances. This book can be a practical resource that offers ideas on how to choose the most effective techniques for determining these compounds as well as on how to solve problems or to provide relevant information. Logically structured and with numerous examples Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis will be valuable as reference and training guide for post-graduate students, as well as a practical tool for a wide range of experts: biologists, biochemists, microbiologists, food chemists, toxicologists, chemists, agronomists, hygienist, and everybody who need to use the analytical techniques for evaluating food safety.

Table of Contents

Contributors to Volume 51	p. xiii
Volumes in the Series	p. xix
Preface	p. xxiii
Series Editor's Preface	p. xxv
Challenges in Chemical Food Contaminants and Residue Analysis	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
Emerging Contaminants	p. 7
Masked Contaminants	p. 14
Unknown Bioactive Contaminants	p. 15
Emerging Technologies	p. 18
Validation and QA/QC Challenges	p. 22
Conclusions and Future Trends	p. 24
Acknowledgements	p. 25
References	p. 25
International Regulations on Food Contaminants and Residues	p. 29
Introduction to EU and USA Legislation	p. 29
Topics/Categories Covered under EU Legislation	p. 31
Topics/Categories Covered under USA Legislation	p. 63
References	p. 73
Guidelines on Quality Implementation for Analytical Methods	p. 77
Introduction	p. 77
The Role of Quality	p. 78
Conclusions	p. 86
References	p. 87
Immunochemical and Receptor Technologies: The Role of Immunoassay, Immunoaffinity Chromatography, Immunosensors and Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Sensors	p. 91
Introduction	p. 92
Definitions and Concepts	p. 93
Immunoassay Formats	p. 95
Immunoassay Development	p. 96
Immunochemical Technologies	p. 101
Biomimics: Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs)	p. 113
Commercial Instrumentation and Future Perspectives	p. 122
References	p. 125
Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques for the Analysis of Food Contaminants and Residues	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
Sample Preparation Methods for VOCs	p. 133
Sample Preparation Methods for SVOCs and NVOCs	p. 138
Fractionation and Clean-Up	p. 162
Evaporation	p. 170
Derivatization	p. 170
Conclusion	p. 171
References	p. 172
Recent Developments in Chromatographic Techniques	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Fast Chromatographic Separation	p. 176
Two-Dimensional Chromatographic Separation	p. 188
Overcoming Adverse Matrix Effects	p. 191
Future Trends	p. 196
References	p. 197
New Approaches in Mass Spectrometry	p. 201
Introduction	p. 201
High Resolution and Accurate Mass Analysers	p. 204
Tandem Mass Spectrometry	p. 211
High Resolution Mass Spectrometers in Tandem	p. 219
Conclusions and Future Trends	p. 227
References	p. 228
Capillary-Based Separation Techniques	p. 231
Introduction	p. 231
Miniaturization and the Capillary Format	p. 232
Capillary Liquid Chromatography	p. 233
Capillary Electroseparations	p. 235
Detection Techniques in Capillary-Based Separations	p. 250
Automation and On-Line/In-Capillary Coupled Solid-Phase Extraction in Capillary Electrophoresis	p. 251
Applications in Determination of Food Contaminants Using Capillary Electrophoresis	p. 252
References	p. 253
Pesticide Residues	p. 257
Introduction	p. 257
Physical and Chemical Properties	p. 258
Health Effects	p. 259
Analytical Methods	p. 272
Instrumental Determination	p. 278
LC-MS-MS Applications	p. 295
Conclusions and Future Trends	p. 301
References	p. 302
Veterinary Drug Residues	p. 307
Introduction	p. 307
Physical and Chemical Properties Affecting Analytical Methodology	p. 313
Human Health Effects from Veterinary Drug Residues	p. 315
Analytical Methods	p. 317
Occurrence in Food	p. 328
Future Trends	p. 329
References	p. 332
Analytical Strategies to Control the Illegal Use of Banned Growth Promoters in Meat Producing Animals	p. 339
Introduction	p. 339
Chemical Properties, Health effects	p. 340
Analytical Methods	p. 342
Occurrence in Foods	p. 357
Future Trends	p. 358
References	p. 358
Mycotoxins	p. 363
Introduction	p. 364
Classes of Mycotoxins	p. 366
Health Effects	p. 376
Sampling	p. 383
Analytical Methods	p. 385
Occurrence in Food and Feed	p. 402
Decontamination Procedures	p. 416
Future Needs	p. 418
Acknowledgement	p. 419
References	p. 419
Phycotoxins	p. 429
Introduction	p. 429
Seafood-Poisoning Toxins	p. 430
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) Toxins	p. 430
Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) Toxins	p. 432
Azaspiracid Poisoning (AZP) Toxins	p. 439
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) Toxins	p. 442
Yessotoxins (YTXs)	p. 445
Neurotoxin Shellfish Poisoning (NSP) Toxins	p. 448
References	p. 452
Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants, Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls	p. 457
Introduction	p. 457
Physical and Chemical Properties and Use of POPs	p. 460
Health Effects	p. 462
Analytical Methods	p. 467
Occurrence in Food	p. 495
Future Trends	p. 496
References	p. 498
Brominated Flame Retardants as Food Contaminants	p. 507
Introduction	p. 507
Analytical Methods	p. 512
Occurrence in Food	p. 542
Regulatory/Safety Aspects and On-Going Monitoring Programmes	p. 560
Future Trends in the BFR Research in Food	p. 562
Acknowledgement	p. 563
References	p. 563
Metals	p. 571
Introduction	p. 571
Analytical Procedure for Metal Determination	p. 573
Metals of Interest	p. 585
Directive for Trace Metals in Food	p. 589
Conclusions and Future Trends	p. 589
References	p. 590
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons	p. 599
Introduction	p. 599
Physical and Chemical Properties	p. 601
Health Effects	p. 602
Analytical Methods	p. 611
Occurrences of PAHs in Food	p. 632
Future Trend	p. 642
Acknowledgements	p. 644
References	p. 644
Methods for the Determination of N-Nitroso Compounds in Food and Biological Fluids	p. 653
Introduction	p. 654
Physical and Chemical Properties of NOC	p. 656
Health Effects	p. 657
Analytical Methods	p. 659
Occurrence of NOC in Foods	p. 676
Conclusions and Future Trends	p. 679
Acknowledgements	p. 680
References	p. 680
Heterocyclic Amines	p. 685
Introduction	p. 685
Physical and Chemical Properties	p. 686
Health Effects	p. 687
Formation of Heterocyclic Amines	p. 688
Food Sample Analysis	p. 689
Occurrence in Food	p. 697
Exposure Assessment	p. 700
Regulations and Future Trends	p. 701
Acknowledgements	p. 701
References	p. 701
Acrylamide, Chloropropanols and Chloropropanol Esters, Furan	p. 705
Acrylamide	p. 705
Chloropropanols and Chloroesters	p. 714
Furan	p. 722
Conclusion and Future Trends	p. 728
References	p. 728
Food Contact Materials	p. 733
Introduction	p. 733
Physical and Chemical Properties	p. 736
Analytical Methods	p. 741
Health Effects	p. 765
Occurrence in Foods	p. 768
Future Trends	p. 768
References	p. 771
Non-Target Multi-Component Analytical Surveillance of Food Contact Materials	p. 775
Introduction	p. 776
Legislation on Food Contact Materials	p. 776
Non-Target Analysis	p. 778
Examples of Non-Target Analysis from the Recent Literature	p. 782
Safety Assessment of Migrants from FCM	p. 785
Conclusions and Future Trends	p. 791
References	p. 792
List of Abbreviations	p. 795
Subject Index	p. 807
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