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Forecasters' Guide to Tropical Meteorology book cover, ISBN 9781410201935

Forecasters' Guide to Tropical Meteorology

by Atkinson, Gary D.

ISBN13: 9781410201935
ISBN10: 1410201937
Format: Paperback
Copyright: 2002-08-01
Publisher: Lightning Source Inc

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1. Forecasters' Guide to Tropical Meteorology > ISBN13: 9781410201935

List Price: $50.00

Table of Contents

Introduction

1

(1)

Primary Physical Controls of the Tropical Circulation

General

1

(1)

The Earth's Heat-Energy Balance

1

(3)

Tropical General Circulation

4

(2)

Primary Physical Factors

6

(1)

General

6

(2)

Distribution of land and water

8

(1)

Sea-surface temperature

9

(1)

Interactions with mid-latitude flow

10

(1)

Small-scale controls

10

(1)

Summary

10

The Observational Basis

Present Data Sources

1

(11)

Surface data

1

(1)

Upper-air data

2

(2)

Oceanographic data

4

(4)

Meteorological satellite data

8

(2)

Weather radar data

10

(2)

Probable Future Data Sources

12

(1)

Meteorological satellite data

12

(1)

Automatic meteorological stations

12

(1)

Upper-air observations from mobile ships

13

(1)

Constant-level balloons

13

(1)

Summary

13

Pressure and Winds

General

1

(1)

Pressure

1

(4)

Mean sea-level pressure

1

(1)

Diurnal pressure variations

1

(4)

Large-scale pressure changes

5

(1)

Wind

5

(1)

General

5

(1)

Resultant gradient-level wind

6

(10)

Resultant 200-mb wind

16

(5)

Mean-wind cross-sections

21

(1)

Tropical jet streams

21

(3)

Tropical stratospheric winds

24

(2)

Diurnal and local-wind effects

26

Temperature and Water Vapor

General

1

(1)

Surface Temperature and Water Vapor

1

(4)

Means

1

(1)

Diurnal variations

2

(1)

Elevation effects

3

(2)

Upper-Air Temperature and Water Vapor

5

(1)

Means and seasonal changes

5

(1)

Mean precipitable water

6

(2)

Mean vertical soundings

8

(2)

Diurnal variations

10

(2)

Equivalent-potential temperature

12

Cloudiness and Rainfall

General

1

(1)

Cloudiness

1

(17)

Mean cloud cover

1

(5)

Inter-annual cloud-cover variations

6

(1)

Zonal cloud-cover averages

6

(1)

Large-scale organization of tropical cloud systems

7

(4)

Tropical cloud types

11

(4)

Diurnal cloudiness variation

15

(3)

Rainfall

18

(1)

Mean annual precipitation

18

(1)

Annual rainfall variability

18

(1)

Monthly rainfall distribution

19

(4)

Monthly rainfall variability

23

(1)

Daily rainfall distribution

23

(3)

Diurnal rainfall distribution

26

(5)

Rainfall variation with elevation

31

(1)

Mesoscale rainfall distribution

32

(4)

Extreme rainfall amounts

36

(2)

Rainfall associated with tropical cyclones

38

(1)

Beginning and ending of rainy seasons

39

Tropical Synoptic Models

General

1

(1)

Waves

1

(3)

Easterly waves

1

(3)

Equatorial waves

4

(1)

Vortices

4

(31)

General

4

(1)

Low-tropospheric cyclones

5

(6)

Low-tropospheric anticyclones

11

(5)

Mid-tropospheric cyclones

16

(8)

Upper-tropospheric cyclones

24

(11)

Linear Disturbances

35

(1)

General

35

(1)

Shear lines

35

(3)

Asymptotes

38

Tropical Cyclones

General

1

(1)

Classification and Definition of Tropical Disturbances

1

(1)

United States

1

(1)

Other countries

1

(1)

Global Climatology of Tropical Cyclones

2

(9)

Tropical Storm Formation

11

(4)

Tropical Storm Movement

15

(1)

Tropical Storm Forecasting

16

(9)

General

16

(1)

Techniques

17

(1)

Accuracy of forecasts

18

(3)

Use of satellite data

21

(4)

Tropical Storm Characteristics

25

(1)

General

25

(1)

Wind field

26

(1)

Temperature field

27

(1)

Cloud systems

27

Severe Weather in the Tropics

General

1

(1)

Thunderstorms

1

(9)

Frequency

1

(8)

Diurnal variation

9

(1)

Duration

9

(1)

Heights

10

(1)

Tornadoes and Waterspouts

10

(5)

Hail

15

(4)

Extreme Winds

19

(9)

General

19

(1)

Thunderstorm winds

19

(2)

Tropical-storm winds

21

(1)

Extreme wind analysis

21

(7)

Turbulence

28

(6)

General

28

(1)

Clear-air turbulence

28

(2)

Clear-air turbulence frequency

30

(4)

Icing

34

(2)

General

34

(1)

Climatological frequency

35

(1)

Ocean-Wave Phenomena

36

(1)

Storm surges

36

(3)

Tsunamis

39

Tropical Analysis

General

1

(1)

Data Collection and Evaluation

1

(12)

General

1

(1)

Surface observations

2

(6)

Upper-air observations

8

(5)

Manual Analysis Techniques

13

(23)

General

13

(1)

Recommended analysis levels

13

(2)

Frequency and scale of analysis

15

(1)

Manual analysis procedures

15

(3)

Streamline/isotach analysis procedures

18

(7)

Use of aircraft reports

25

(3)

Use of climatology

28

(4)

Use of satellite data

32

(1)

Post-analysis programs

32

(1)

Examples of streamline/isotach analyses

32

(4)

Automated Analysis Techniques

36

(3)

General

36

(1)

Objective wind-analysis

36

(3)

Future outlook

39

(1)

Auxiliary Aids

39

(3)

Vertical time cross-sections

42

(1)

Vertical space cross-sections

43

(1)

Thermodynamic diagrams

43

(1)

Checkerboard diagrams

44

(1)

Pressure-change charts

45

(1)

Wind-shear charts

46

(1)

Rainfall analyses

46

Tropical Forecasting

General

1

(1)

Short-Range Forecasting Techniques

2

(34)

General

2

(1)

Circulation and cloud prognostic charts

2

(4)

Climatological aids

6

(6)

Local forecast studies

12

(7)

Use of stability indexes

19

(6)

Use of radar

25

(11)

Medium- and Long-Range Forecasting

36

(3)

Tropical Numerical Weather Prediction

39

(5)

Summary

44

References

1

(1)

Acronyms

1

Supplemental Materials

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