Forest Canopies

by Margaret D. Lowman and H. Bruce Rinker

• ISBN13: 9780124575530
• ISBN10: 0124575536
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-09-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

The treetops of the world's forests are where discovery and opportunity abound, however they have been relatively inaccessible until recently. This book represents an authoritative synthesis of data, anecdotes, case studies, observations, and recommendations from researchers and educators who have risked life and limb in their advocacy of the High Frontier. With innovative rope techniques, cranes, walkways, dirigibles, and towers, they finally gained access to the rich biodiversity that lives far above the forest floor and the emerging science of canopy ecology. In this new edition of Forest Canopies, nearly 60 scientists and educators from around the world look at the biodiversity, ecology, evolution, and conservation of forest canopy ecosystems. -Comprehensive literature list -State-of-the-art results and data sets from current field work -Foremost scientists in the field of canopy ecology -Expanded collaboration of researchers and international projects -User-friendly format with sidebars and case studies -Keywords and outlines for each chapter

Table of Contents

Dedication	v
Contributors	xi
Foreword	xvii
Preface	xix
Introduction	xxi
I Structures of Forest Canopies
Introduction	1	(138)
Margaret D. Lowman and H. Bruce Rinker
1. The Nature of Forest Canopies	3	(21)
Nalini M. Nadkarni, Geoffrey G. Parker, H. Bruce Rinker, and David M. Jarzen
Empty Space: Another View of Forest Canopy Structure
Roman Dial, Nalini M. Nadkarni, and Judith B. Cushing
Verticality and Habitat Analysis MacArthur and Wilson's Biogeography Theory Revisited
H. Bruce Rinker
2. Tropical Microclimate Considerations	24	(25)
Stephen R. Madigosky
3. Quantifying and Visualizing Canopy Structure in Tall Forests: Methods and a Case Study	49	(24)
Robert Van Pelt, Stephen C. Sillett, and Nalini M. Nadkarni
"Canopy Trekking": A Ground-Independent, Rope-Based Method for Horizontal Movement through Forest Canopies
Roman Dial, Stephen C. Sillett, and Jim C. Spickler
4. Vertical Organization of Canopy Biota	73	(29)
David C. Shaw
Macaws: Dispersers in a Tropical Habitat
Sharon Matola
Vertical Stratification among Neotropical Migrants
H. Bruce Rinker
5. Age-Related Development of Canopy Structure and Its Ecological Functions	102	(16)
Hiroaki T. Ishii, Robert Van Pelt, Geoffrey G. Parker, and Nalini M. Nadkarni
Measuring Canopy Structure: The Forest Canopy Database Project
Nalini M. Nadkarni and Judith B. Cushing
6. A History of Tree Canopies	118	(21)
David L. Ditcher, T.A. Lott, Xin Wang, and Qi Wang
The Evolution of Rainforest Animals
Dale A. Russell
The Botanical Ghosts of Evolution
Connie Barlow
II Organisms in Forest Canopies
Introduction	139	(73)
Margaret D. Lowman and H. Bruce Rinker
7. What Is Canopy Biology? A Microbial Perspective	143	(8)
Lynn Margulis
Arboreal Stromatolites: A 210 Million Year Record
Jessica Hope Whiteside
8. Lichens and Bryophytes in Forest Canopies	151	(24)
Stephen C. Sillett and Marie E. Antoine
9. Vascular Epiphytes	175	(37)
David H. Benzing
Strangler Fig Trees: Demons or Heroes of the Canopy?
Timothy G. Laman
Orchid Adaptations to an Epiphytic Lifestyle
Wesley E. Higgins
Tank Bromeliads: Faunal Ecology
Barbara A. Richardson
10. Mistletoe: A Unique Constituent of Canopies Worldwide	212	(12)
David M. Watson
Mistletoe A Homemaker's Delight
David M. Watson
11. Hidden in Plain Sight: Mites in the Canopy	224	(18)
David Evans Walter
What are Mites?
David Evans Walter
Systematic Synopsis of Canopy Mites
David Evans Walter
12. Soil Microarthopods: Belowground Fauna that Sustain Forest Systems	242	(9)
H. Bruce Rinker
13. Tardigrades: Bears of the Canopy	251	(8)
William R. Miller
Rotifers in the Water Film
Howard L. Taylor
14. The Biodiversity Question: How Many Species of Terrestrial Arthropods Are There?	259	(11)
Terry L. Erwin
Insect Zoos as Windows into Forest Canopies
Nathan Erwin
15. Physical Transport, Heterogeneity, and Interactions Involving Canopy Anoles	270	(27)
Roman Dial and Joan Roughgarden
The Color of Poison: Flamboyant Frogs in the Rainforest Canopy
Donna J. Krabill
16. Ecology and Conservation of Canopy Mammals	297	(36)
Jay R. Malcolm
Body Mass of Gliding Mammals: An Energetic Approach
Roman Dial
Vertical Stratification of Small Mammals in Lowland Rainforest of the Australian Wet Tropics
Romina Rader
Orangutans: The Largest Canopy Dwellers
Cheryl D. Knott
III Ecological Processes in Forest Canopies
Introduction	333	(2)
Margaret D. Lowman and H. Bruce Rinker
17. Photosynthesis in Forest Canopies	335	(24)
Jennifer L. Funk and Manuel T. Lerdau
18. Insect Herbivory in Tropical Forests	359	(28)
H. Bruce Rinker and Margaret D. Lowman
Measuring Forest Herbivory Levels Using Canopy Cranes
Kristina A. Ernest
The Leipzig Canopy Crane Project: Biodiversity, Ecology, and Function in a Temperate Deciduous Forest
Wilfried Morawetz and Peter J. Horchler
19. Nutrient Cycling	387	(10)
Barbara C. Reynolds and Mark D. Hunter
20. Reproductive Biology and Genetics of Tropical Trees from a Canopy Perspective	397	(16)
Michelle L. Zjhra and Beth A. Kaplin
DNA Sequences and Orchid Classification
Wesley E. Higgins
21. Decomposition in Forest Canopies	413	(10)
Steven J. Fonte and Timothy D. Schowalter
22. Survival Strategies: A Matter of Life and Death	423	(28)
Stephen R. Madigosky
IV Conservation and Forest Canopies
Introduction	451	(2)
Margaret D. Lowman and H. Bruce Rinker
23. Tarzan or Jane? A Short History of Canopy Biology	453	(12)
Margaret D. Lowman
Canopy Walkways: Highways in the Sky
James Burgess
International Canopy Crane Network
David C. Shaw
24. Economics and the Forest Canopy	465	(10)
David W. Pearce
Ethnobotany in Forest Canopies
Edward A. Burgess
The Value of Herbaria for Plant Conservation
Bruce K. Holst
25. Ecotourism and the Treetops	475	(11)
Margaret D. Lowman
A Climb for Conservation
Stephen R. Madigosky
Florida from the Treetops
Paula J. Benshoff
26. The Reintegration of Wonder into the Emerging Science of Canopy Ecology	486	(15)
H. Bruce Rinker and David M. Jarzen
The International Canopy Network (ICAN)
Nalini M. Nadkarni
Global Canopy Programme. A Worldwide Alliance for Forest Studies
Andrew Mitchell and Katherine Secoy
Index	501