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JAMES LAUREN BICKFORD began trading in commodity futures in the early 1980s. Since 2001, he has focused his investment efforts solely on trading spot currency pairs via online Forex dealers. Bickford's academic background is in computer science, mathematics, and statistics. By profession, he has been a software engineer for nearly three decades.
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Introduction | p. xvii |
Forex-Specific Charting Techniques | p. 1 |
Streaming Data | p. 3 |
Overview | p. 3 |
Tick Chart | p. 3 |
Spread Chart | p. 4 |
Conclusion | p. 5 |
Activity | p. 6 |
Overview | p. 6 |
Activity Bar Chart | p. 6 |
Composite Activity | p. 8 |
Time of Day Activity Chart | p. 8 |
Day of Week Activity Chart | p. 9 |
Equi-Activity Chart | p. 10 |
Activity Mercury Chart | p. 10 |
Uptick-Downtick Mercury Chart | p. 12 |
Conclusion | p. 13 |
Direction | p. 14 |
Overview | p. 14 |
Direction Chart | p. 14 |
Direction Mercury Chart | p. 16 |
Activity-Direction Mercury Chart | p. 17 |
Conclusion | p. 18 |
Forex versus Futures | p. 19 |
Overview | p. 19 |
Pip Differential Chart | p. 19 |
Activity versus Volume and Open Interest | p. 22 |
Conclusion | p. 22 |
Arbitrage | p. 23 |
Overview | p. 23 |
Transitivity | p. 23 |
Triangular Arbitrage Chart | p. 24 |
Equilibrium | p. 25 |
Major Currencies | p. 28 |
Observation | p. 28 |
The Mundo | p. 29 |
Overview | p. 29 |
Forex Beta | p. 29 |
Mundo Line Chart | p. 31 |
Weighting | p. 32 |
Mundo Bar Chart | p. 33 |
Observation | p. 33 |
Range Charts | p. 34 |
Overview | p. 34 |
Range Bar Chart | p. 34 |
Composite Range Charts | p. 35 |
Time of Day Range Chart | p. 35 |
Day of Week Range Chart | p. 37 |
Average Interval Range Chart | p. 37 |
Observations | p. 38 |
Absolute Momentum | p. 39 |
Overview | p. 39 |
Absolute Momentum | p. 39 |
Time of Day Momentum Chart | p. 40 |
Day of Week Momentum Chart | p. 41 |
Conclusion | p. 42 |
Two-Dimensional Momentum | p. 43 |
Overview | p. 43 |
Two-Dimensional Momentum Chart | p. 43 |
Islands | p. 45 |
Smoothing | p. 47 |
Observation | p. 47 |
Moving Trend Analysis | p. 49 |
Overview | p. 49 |
Linear Regression | p. 49 |
Ordinary Least Squares Method | p. 50 |
Coefficient of Correlation | p. 51 |
Trend Oscillators | p. 51 |
Moving Slope Oscillator | p. 52 |
Moving Correlation Oscillator | p. 52 |
Moving Trend Index | p. 52 |
Observations | p. 54 |
Point and Figure Charting | p. 55 |
History of Point and Figure Charting | p. 57 |
Overview | p. 57 |
History | p. 58 |
The Point and Figure Algorithm | p. 59 |
Overview | p. 59 |
P&F Anatomy | p. 59 |
Box Size | p. 59 |
Reversal Amount | p. 60 |
Unraveling Bar Quote Data | p. 61 |
P&F Algorithm | p. 61 |
Time Representation | p. 62 |
Trend Lines | p. 63 |
Support and Resistance | p. 63 |
Trend Lines | p. 63 |
Buy Signals | p. 65 |
Sell Signals | p. 65 |
Double Tops and Bottoms | p. 67 |
Overview | p. 67 |
Double Top Pattern | p. 67 |
Double Bottom Pattern | p. 68 |
Double Top Signals | p. 68 |
Double Bottom Signals | p. 70 |
False Signals | p. 72 |
Signal Percentages | p. 72 |
Observations | p. 74 |
Triple Tops and Bottoms | p. 75 |
Overview | p. 75 |
Triple Top Pattern | p. 75 |
Triple Bottom Pattern | p. 76 |
Triple Top Signals | p. 76 |
Triple Bottom Signals | p. 78 |
False Signals | p. 79 |
Signal Percentages | p. 79 |
Observations | p. 81 |
Triangles | p. 82 |
Overview | p. 82 |
Ascending Triangles | p. 82 |
Descending Triangles | p. 83 |
Symmetrical Triangles | p. 83 |
Triangle Signals | p. 84 |
Ascending and Descending Frequencies | p. 84 |
Symmetrical Frequencies | p. 87 |
Observation | p. 87 |
Pattern Frequencies | p. 89 |
Overview | p. 89 |
Box Size = One Pip | p. 90 |
Box Size = Two Pips | p. 92 |
Box Size = Three Pips | p. 93 |
Inverse Patterns | p. 94 |
Usage | p. 94 |
Breakout Analysis | p. 96 |
Overview | p. 96 |
Preceding Columns | p. 97 |
Succeeding Columns | p. 100 |
Observations | p. 102 |
Count Methods | p. 104 |
Overview | p. 104 |
Horizontal Count (Buy) | p. 104 |
Horizontal Count (Sell) | p. 106 |
Vertical Count (Buy) | p. 107 |
Vertical Count (Sell) | p. 108 |
Observations | p. 109 |
Plotting Point and Figure Charts in Real Time | p. 110 |
Overview | p. 110 |
Tools of the Trade | p. 110 |
Trading Platform | p. 110 |
Trading Goals | p. 111 |
Starting the Process | p. 111 |
Real-Time Example | p. 111 |
Performance Evaluation | p. 114 |
Forex Swing Charting | p. 115 |
Fibonacci Primer | p. 117 |
Overview | p. 117 |
Fibonacci the Man | p. 117 |
Fibonacci the Series | p. 118 |
Fibonacci the Ratios | p. 119 |
Fibonacci the Equations | p. 120 |
Binet's Formula | p. 122 |
Interpretation | p. 122 |
Resources | p. 124 |
Swing Charts | p. 125 |
Overview | p. 125 |
Definitions | p. 125 |
Box Size | p. 126 |
Reversal Amount | p. 126 |
Swing Reversal Algorithm | p. 127 |
Time Alignment | p. 128 |
Practical Examples | p. 129 |
Composite Swing Charts | p. 132 |
Usage | p. 132 |
The Measured Move | p. 134 |
Overview | p. 134 |
Testing Approach | p. 135 |
Cluster Charts | p. 135 |
Average Retracement | p. 137 |
Decile Divisions | p. 139 |
Practical Examples | p. 141 |
Conclusion | p. 146 |
The Fifty Percent Principle | p. 147 |
Overview | p. 147 |
Testing Approach | p. 147 |
Initial Results | p. 148 |
Increasing Tolerance | p. 150 |
Improving The Third Wave Forecast | p. 152 |
Overview | p. 152 |
Methodology | p. 153 |
Multiple Regression | p. 154 |
Quartiles | p. 154 |
Practical Examples | p. 157 |
Fifty Percent Principle | p. 160 |
Fifty Percent Examples | p. 160 |
Forecasting The Fourth Wave | p. 162 |
Overview | p. 162 |
Testing Approach | p. 162 |
Practical Examples | p. 164 |
Improving the Forecast | p. 164 |
Three-Wave Trending Cycles | p. 165 |
Trending Example | p. 166 |
Three-Wave Nontrending Cycles | p. 166 |
Nontrending Example | p. 167 |
Extending the Forecast | p. 167 |
Estimate Charts | p. 168 |
Live Usage | p. 170 |
Cycle Frequencies | p. 171 |
Overview | p. 171 |
Two-Wave Cycles | p. 171 |
Three-Wave Cycles | p. 173 |
Four-Wave Bull Cycles | p. 175 |
Four-Wave Bear Cycles | p. 177 |
Usage | p. 178 |
Bull Cycles | p. 180 |
Overview | p. 180 |
Ideal Bull Cycle | p. 180 |
Objective | p. 181 |
Initial Results | p. 182 |
Praxis | p. 183 |
Caveat | p. 185 |
Further Studies | p. 185 |
Bear Cycles | p. 186 |
Overview | p. 186 |
Ideal Bear Cycle | p. 186 |
Objective | p. 187 |
Initial Results | p. 187 |
Praxis | p. 188 |
Caveat | p. 190 |
Swing Properties | p. 191 |
Overview | p. 191 |
Wave Anatomy | p. 131 |
Simple Ratios | p. 192 |
Swing Averages | p. 192 |
Swing Data Preliminaries | p. 194 |
Bivariate Data | p. 195 |
Swing Volatility | p. 197 |
Swing Velocity | p. 199 |
Swing Summary | p. 200 |
Overview | p. 200 |
Selecting Swing Parameters | p. 200 |
Composite Average Estimates | p. 202 |
Caveat | p. 207 |
Other Reversal Charts | p. 209 |
Western Reversal Charts | p. 211 |
Overview | p. 211 |
Geometric Chart | p. 211 |
Trend Outline Chart | p. 213 |
Pivot Chart | p. 215 |
Observation | p. 216 |
Japanese Reversal Charts | p. 217 |
Overview | p. 217 |
Renko Chart | p. 217 |
Kagi Chart | p. 220 |
Three-Line Break Chart | p. 224 |
Goodman Swing Count System | p. 227 |
History | p. 229 |
Charles B. Goodman | p. 229 |
The Right Brackets | p. 230 |
Later Developments | p. 230 |
Ordinal Principles | p. 233 |
Ordinal versus Cardinal | p. 233 |
The Measured Move | p. 233 |
Congestion Phase | p. 234 |
Equilibrium of Buyers and Sellers | p. 235 |
Cardinal Principles | p. 238 |
Overview | p. 238 |
Price Surge | p. 238 |
Multilevel Matrices | p. 239 |
Compensation | p. 241 |
Carryover | p. 241 |
Cancellation | p. 242 |
Intersections | p. 244 |
Five Points of a Goodman Wave | p. 245 |
Double and Triple Intersections | p. 246 |
Goodman versus Elliott | p. 247 |
Overview | p. 247 |
Propagation | p. 248 |
The Return | p. 249 |
Charting Study | p. 251 |
Overview | p. 251 |
Notation | p. 251 |
Matrix | p. 251 |
Propagation | p. 253 |
Simple/Complex | p. 254 |
Fat/Thin | p. 255 |
Goodman and Computers | p. 255 |
Appendixes | |
World Currencies | p. 259 |
Exchange Rates | p. 264 |
Euro Currency | p. 267 |
Global Banking Hours | p. 269 |
Monthly OHLC and Activity Charts | p. 271 |
Daily OHLC and Activity Charts | p. 282 |
Time of Day Charts (Activity) | p. 293 |
Time of Day Charts (Range) | p. 297 |
Time of Day Charts (Momentum) | p. 301 |
Day of Week Charts (Activity) | p. 305 |
Day of Week Charts (Range) | p. 311 |
Day of Week Charts (Momentum) | p. 317 |
Comparative Statistics | p. 323 |
Unraveling Bar Quotes | p. 325 |
Visual Basic Source Code (Point and Figure) | p. 331 |
Visual Basic Source Code (Swing) | p. 338 |
Resources | p. 341 |
Index | p. 349 |
About the Authors | p. 361 |
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