Forgotten Reformer Robert McClaughry and Criminal Justice Reform in Nineteenth-Century America

by Morn, Frank

• ISBN13: 9780761853008
• ISBN10: 0761853006
• eBook ISBN(s): 9780761853008
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-12-22
• Publisher: UPA
• More Book Details
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Summary

Forgotten Reformer traces criminal justice practice and reform developments in late nineteenth-century America through the life and career of Robert McClaughry, a leading reformer. As a warden of one of America's toughest prisons, as a chief of police of Chicago, as a superintendent of two different reformatories, and as one of the first wardens of the federal prison system, McClaughry developed and led a reform movement that resonates today. As a founding member of the reformatory movement that sought to 'save' young first offenders, McClaughry advocated new sentencing structures, probation, parole, and rehabilitative regimes within new institutions for young first offenders called reformatories. McClaughry then successfully got these reformatory ideals placed into adult prisons. In addition, McClaughry became American's main advocate for a criminal identification method called the Bertillon system. He set up the first identification bureaus at the Illinois State Penitentiary, the Chicago police department, and the federal prison at Leavenworth, Kansas and these became models for others across the country. Finally, as a founding member of the National Association of Chiefs of Police (today the International Association of Chiefs of Police) and the National Prison Assocation (today American Corrections Association), McClaughry sought to professionalize police and prison administrators.

Author Biography

Frank Morn is a professor of criminal justice sciences at Illinois State University. He is the author of "The Eye That Never Sleeps": A History of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency and Academic Politics and the History of Criminal Justice Education.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Introduction	p. xi
Mcclaughry and His Middle Border Beginnings
Matters of Place	p. 3
Matters of Faith	p. 9
Matters of the Mind	p. 16
Matters of War	p. 19
Matters of Business	p. 30
Crime and Punishment in Post-Civil War Illinois
Crime	p. 35
Punishment at Alton	p. 40
Early Joliet	p. 43
McClaughry at Joliet	p. 51
The Prisoners	p. 57
Prison Workers	p. 71
McClaughry and Reform	p. 85
The Bertillon System	p. 90
Fond Farewells	p. 95
McClaughry and the Reformatory Movement
Youth Crime in Pennsylvania	p. 101
The Reformatory	p. 111
McClaughry at Huntingdon	p. 115
Policing Chicago
Chicago in the 1890s	p. 127
Policing the City	p. 136
McClaughry and the Police	p. 141
Crusades against Crime and Disorder	p. 165
Moving On	p. 183
State Politics and Penology: McClaughry At Pontiac
Youth Crime in Illinois	p. 189
John Peter Altgeld	p. 199
Pontiac Reformatory	p. 203
State Politics and Prisons	p. 211
Growing a Prison Profession
Rise of Professionalism in Penology	p. 229
Academics v. Practitioners	p. 237
"Buckets and Brooms"	p. 244
Ascendancy of the Wardens	p. 258
McClaughry at Leavenworth
Rise of Federal Corrections	p. 267
McClaughry Comes to Leavenworth	p. 283
Crises at Leavenworth	p. 297
Prison Workers at Leavenworth	p. 316
To All Purposes Futile	p. 322
Afterword: Forlorn Hope	p. 329
Bibliography	p. 341
Index	p. 355
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