Foundation Design Principles and Practices

by Coduto, Donald P.

• ISBN13: 9780135897065
• ISBN10: 0135897068
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-07-10
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Using a design-oriented approach that addresses geotechnical, structural, and construction aspects of foundation engineering, this book explores practical methods of designing structural foundations, while emphasizing and explaining how and why foundations behave the way they do. It explains the theories and experimental data behind the design procedures, and how to apply this information to real-world problems.Covers general principles (performance requirements, soil mechanics, site exploration and characterization); shallow foundations (bearing capacity, settlement, spread footings -- geotechnical design, spread footings -- structural design, mats); deep foundations (axial load capacity -- full-scale load tests, static methods, dynamic methods; lateral load capacity; structural design); special topics (foundations on weak and compressible soils, foundation on expansive soils, foundations on collapsible soils); and earth retaining structures (lateral earth pressures, cantilever retaining walls, sheet pile walls, soldier pile walls, internally stabilized earth retaining structures).For geotechnical engineers, soils engineers, structural engineers, and foundation engineers.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Notation and Units of Measurement	xv
PART A -- General Principles	1	(142)
Foundations in Civil Engineering	3	(11)
The Emergence of Modern Foundation Engineering	4	(2)
The Foundation Engineer	6	(1)
Uncertainties	7	(2)
Building Codes	9	(1)
Classification of Foundations	10	(4)
Key to Color Photographs	11	(3)
Performance Requirements	14	(33)
Design Loads	15	(9)
Strength Requirements	24	(1)
Questions and Practice Problems 2.1--2.4	25	(1)
Serviceability Requirements	25	(16)
Questions and Practice Problems 2.5--2.8	41	(1)
Constructibility Requirements	41	(2)
Economic Requirements	43	(4)
Summary	44	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 2.9--2.14	45	(2)
Soil Mechanics	47	(55)
Soil Composition	47	(8)
Soil Classification	55	(2)
Questions and Practice Problems 3.1--3.4	56	(1)
Groundwater	57	(2)
Stress	59	(4)
Questions and Practice Problems 3.5--3.6	62	(1)
Compressibility and Settlement	63	(18)
Questions and Practice Problems 3.7	80	(1)
Strength	81	(21)
Questions and Practice Problems 3.8--3.10	97	(1)
Summary	98	(2)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 3.11--3.16	100	(2)
Site Exploration and Characterization	102	(41)
Site Exploration	103	(10)
Laboratory Testing	113	(2)
Questions and Practice Problems 4.1--4.4	114	(1)
In-Situ Testing	115	(23)
Questions and Practice Problems 4.5--4.7	138	(1)
Synthesis of Field and Laboratory Data	138	(1)
Economics	138	(5)
Summary	140	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 4.8--4.11	141	(2)
PART B -- Shallow Foundation Analysis and Design	143	(228)
Shallow Foundations	145	(25)
Spread Footings	145	(7)
Mats	152	(1)
Bearing Pressure	153	(17)
Summary	167	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 5.1--5.9	168	(2)
Shallow Foundations---Bearing Capacity	170	(37)
Bearing Capacity Failures	171	(2)
Bearing Capacity Analyses in Soil---General Shear Case	173	(14)
Questions and Practice Problems 6.1--6.3	186	(1)
Groundwater Effects	187	(3)
Allowable Bearing Capacity	190	(3)
Selection of Soil Strength Parameters	193	(5)
Questions and Practice Problems 6.4--6.10	197	(1)
Bearing Capacity Analyses---Local and Punching Shear Cases	198	(1)
Bearing Capacity on Layered Soils	199	(2)
Accuracy of Bearing Capacity Analyses	201	(2)
Bearing Spreadsheet	203	(4)
Questions and Practice Problems---Spreadsheet Analyses 6.11--6.13	203	(1)
Summary	204	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 6.14--6.17	205	(2)
Shallow Foundations---Settlement	207	(52)
Design Requirements	208	(1)
Overview of Settlement Analyses Methods	208	(2)
Induced Stresses Beneath Shallow Foundations	210	(7)
Questions and Practice Problems 7.1--7.4	217	(1)
Settlement Analyses Based on Laboratory Tests	217	(12)
Questions and Practice Problems 7.5--7.8	229	(1)
Settlement Spreadsheet	229	(2)
Questions and Practice Problems---Spreadsheet Analyses 7.9--7.13	230	(1)
Settlement Analyses Based on In-Situ Tests	231	(11)
Questions and Practice Problems 7.14--7.16	241	(1)
Schmertmann Spreadsheet	242	(1)
Questions and Practice Problems---Spreadsheet Analyses 7.17--7.21	242	(1)
Settlement of Foundations of Stratified Soils	243	(1)
Differential Settlement	244	(6)
Questions and Practice Problems 7.22--7.23	250	(1)
Rate of Settlement	250	(1)
Accuracy of Settlement Predictions	251	(8)
Summary	257	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 7.24--7.27	258	(1)
Spread Footings---Geotechnical Design	259	(42)
Design for Concentric Downward Loads	259	(14)
Questions and Practice Problems 8.1--8.9	271	(2)
Design for Eccentric or Moment Loads	273	(3)
Design for Shear Loads	276	(3)
Questions and Practice Problems 8.10--8.12	278	(1)
Design for Wind or Seismic Loads	279	(2)
Lightly-Loaded Footings	281	(4)
Questions and Practice Problems 8.13--8.14	285	(1)
Footings On or Near Slopes	285	(3)
Footings on Frozen Soils	288	(5)
Footings on Soils Prone to Scour	293	(3)
Footings on Rock	296	(5)
Questions and Practice Problems 8.15--8.20	296	(2)
Summary	298	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 8.21--8.24	299	(2)
Spread Footings---Structural Design	301	(51)
Selection of Materials	303	(1)
Basis for Design Methods	303	(2)
Design Loads	305	(1)
Minimum Cover Requirements and Standard Dimensions	306	(1)
Square Footings	307	(19)
Questions and Practice Problems 9.1--9.8	324	(2)
Continuous Footings	326	(5)
Questions and Practice Problems 9.9--9.10	330	(1)
Rectangular Footings	331	(2)
Combined Footings	333	(1)
Lightly-Loaded Footings	333	(2)
Connections with the Superstructure	335	(17)
Questions and Practice Problems 9.11--9.15	349	(1)
Summary	350	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 9.16--9.17	351	(1)
Mats	352	(19)
Rigid Methods	354	(2)
Nonrigid Methods	356	(6)
Determining the Coefficient of Subgrade Reaction	362	(3)
Structural Design	365	(1)
Settlement	366	(1)
Bearing Capacity	367	(4)
Summary	367	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 10.1--10.5	368	(3)
PART C -- Deep Foundation Analysis and Design	371	(266)
Deep Foundations	373	(62)
Types of Deep Foundations and Definitions	374	(2)
Load Transfer	376	(2)
Piles	378	(24)
Questions and Practice Problems 11.1--11.8	400	(2)
Drilled Shafts	402	(16)
Questions and Practice Problems 11.9--11.11	418	(1)
Caissons	418	(3)
Mandrel-Driven Thin-Shells Filled with Concrete	421	(2)
Auger-Cast Piles	423	(2)
Pressure-Injected Footings	425	(4)
Pile-Supported and Pile-Enhanced Mats	429	(1)
Anchors	429	(6)
Questions and Practice Problems 11.12--11.14	432	(1)
Summary	432	(2)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 11.15--11.17	434	(1)
Deep Foundations---Structural Integrity	435	(30)
Design Philosophy	436	(2)
Loads and Stresses	438	(3)
Piles	441	(13)
Questions and Practice Problems 12.1--12.5	453	(1)
Drilled Shafts	454	(7)
Questions and Practice Problems 12.6--12.7	461	(1)
Caps	461	(1)
Grade Beams	461	(4)
Summary	462	(2)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 12.8--12.17	464	(1)
Deep Foundations---Axial Load Capacity Based on Static Load Tests	465	(29)
Load Transfer	466	(10)
Questions and Practice Problems 13.1--13.3	476	(1)
Conventional Load Tests	476	(4)
Interpretation of Test Results	480	(3)
Questions and Practice Problems 13.4--13.6	482	(1)
Mobilization of Soil Resistance	483	(2)
Instrumented Load Tests	485	(3)
Osterberg Load Tests	488	(2)
When and Where to Use Full-Scale Load Tests	490	(4)
Summary	491	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 13.7--13.9	492	(2)
Deep Foundations---Axial Load Capacity Based on Analytic Methods	494	(65)
Changes in Soil During Construction	495	(5)
Questions and Practice Problems 14.1--14.3	499	(1)
Toe Bearing	500	(13)
Side Friction	513	(14)
Upward Load Capacity	527	(5)
Questions and Practice Problems 14.4--14.11	530	(2)
Analyses Based on CPT Results	532	(5)
Questions and Practice Problems 14.12	537	(1)
Group Effects	537	(6)
Settlement	543	(16)
Questions and Practice Problems 14.13--14.19	553	(1)
Summary	554	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice and Practice Problems 14.20--14.27	555	(4)
Deep Foundations---Axial Load Capacity Based on Dynamic Methods	559	(22)
Pile-Driving Formulas	559	(4)
Wave Equation Analyses	563	(6)
High-Strain Dynamic Testing	569	(8)
Low-Strain Dynamic Testing	577	(1)
Conclusions	577	(4)
Summary	578	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 15.1--15.9	579	(2)
Deep Foundations---Lateral Load Capacity	581	(38)
Batter Piles	582	(2)
Response to Lateral Loads	584	(5)
Methods of Evaluating Lateral Load Capacity	589	(8)
Questions and Practice Problems 16.1--16.5	596	(1)
p-y Method	597	(3)
Evans and Duncan's Method	600	(13)
Questions and Practice Problems 16.6--16.9	611	(2)
Group Effects	613	(3)
Improving Lateral Capacity	616	(3)
Summary	616	(2)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 16.10--16.14	618	(1)
Deep Foundations---Design	619	(18)
Design Service Loads and Allowable Definitions	620	(1)
Subsurface Characterization	620	(1)
Foundation Type	620	(2)
Lateral Load Capacity	622	(2)
Axial Load Capacity	624	(2)
Driveability	626	(1)
Structural Design	626	(1)
Special Design Considerations	627	(3)
Verification and Redesign During Construction	630	(1)
Integrity Testing	631	(6)
Summary	634	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 17.1--17.7	635	(2)
Part D -- Special Topics	637	(98)
Foundations on Weak and Compressible Soils	639	(16)
Deep Foundations	640	(4)
Shallow Foundations	644	(2)
Floating Foundations	646	(1)
Soil Improvement	647	(8)
Summary	652	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 18.1--18.5	653	(2)
Foundations on Expansive Soils	655	(46)
The Nature, Origin, and Occurence of Expansive Soils	656	(13)
Identifying, Testing, and Evaluating Expansive Soils	669	(10)
Estimating Potential Heave	679	(5)
Typical Structural Distress Patterns	684	(1)
Preventive Design and Construction Measures	685	(10)
Other Sources of Heave	695	(6)
Summary	698	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 19.1--19.9	699	(2)
Foundations on Collapsible Soils	701	(20)
Origin and Occurrence of Collapsible Soils	701	(4)
Identification, Sampling, and Testing	705	(5)
Wetting Processes	710	(2)
Settlement Computations	712	(3)
Collapse in Deep Compacted Fills	715	(1)
Preventive and Remedial Measures	715	(6)
Summary	718	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 20.1--20.10	719	(2)
Reliability-Based Design	721	(14)
Methods	722	(4)
LRFD for Structural Strength Requirements	726	(1)
LRFD for Geotechnical Strength Requirements	727	(3)
Serviceability Requirements	730	(1)
The Role of Engineering Judgement	731	(1)
Transition of LRFD	731	(4)
Summary	732	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 21.1--21.4	733	(2)
PART E -- Earth-Retaining Structure Analysis and Design	735	(109)
Earth-Retaining Structures	737	(12)
Externally Stabilized Systems	738	(7)
Internally Stabilized Systems	745	(4)
Summary	748	(1)
Lateral Earth Pressures	749	(38)
Horizontal Stresses in Soil	749	(8)
Classical Lateral Earth Pressure Theories	757	(10)
Questions and Practice Problems 23.1--23.7	766	(1)
Lateral Earth Pressures in Soils with c ≥ 0 and &phis; ≥ 0	767	(3)
Equivalent Fluid Method	770	(3)
Presumptive Lateral Earth Pressures	773	(4)
Questions and Practice Problems 23.8--23.13	774	(3)
Lateral Earth Pressures From Surcharge Loads	777	(3)
Groundwater Effects	780	(3)
Questions and Practice Problems 23.14--23.16	783	(1)
Practical Application	783	(4)
Summary	785	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 23.17--23.18	786	(1)
Cantilever Retaining Walls	787	(39)
External Stability	788	(15)
Questions and Practice Problems 24.1--24.3	802	(1)
Retwall Spreadsheet	803	(1)
Questions and Practice Problems---Spreadsheet Analyses 24.4--24.6	803	(1)
Internal Stability (Structural Design)	804	(13)
Questions and Practice Problems 24.7--24.9	816	(1)
Drainage and Waterproofing	817	(4)
Avoidance of Frost Heave Problems	821	(5)
Summary	822	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 24.10--24.17	823	(3)
Sheet Pile Walls	826	(18)
Materials	826	(4)
Construction Methods and Equipment	830	(1)
Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls	830	(5)
Braced or Anchored Sheet Pile Walls	835	(9)
Summary	841	(1)
Comprehensive Questions and Practice Problems 25.1--25.7	842	(2)
Appendix A---Unit Conversion Factors	844	(4)
Appendix B---Computer Software	848	(1)
References	849	(26)
Index	875

Excerpts

PrefaceFoundation Design: Principles and Practicesis primarily intended for use as a textbook in undergraduate and graduate-level foundation engineering courses. It also serves well as a reference book for practicing engineers. As the title infers, this book covers both "principles" (the fundamentals of foundation engineering) and "practices" (the application of these principles to practical engineering problems). Readers should have already completed at least one university-level course in soil mechanics, and should have had at least an introduction to structural engineering.This second edition contains many improvements and enhancements. These have been the result of comments and suggestions from those who used the first edition, my own experience using it at Cal Poly Pomona, and recent advances in the state-of-the-art. The chapters on deep foundations have been completely reorganized and rewritten, and new chapters on reliability-based design and sheet pile walls have been added. Extraneous material has been eliminated, and certain analysis methods have been clarified and simplified. The manuscript was extensively tested in the classroom before going to press. This classroom testing allowed me to evaluate and refine the text, the example problems, the homework problems, and the software.Key features of this book include: Integration withGeotechnical Engineering: Principles and Practices(Coduto, 1999), including consistent notation, terminology, analysis methods, and coordinated development of topics. However, readers who were introduced to geotechnical engineering using another text can easily transition to this book by reviewing the material in Chapters 3 and 4. Consideration of the geotechnical, structural, and construction engineering aspects of the design process, including emphasis on the roles of each discipline and the interrelationships between them. Frequent discussions of the sources and approximate magnitudes of uncertainties, along with comparisons of predicted and actual behavior. Use of both English and SI units, because engineers in North America and many other parts of the world need to be conversant in both systems. Integration of newly-developed Excel spreadsheets for foundation analysis and design. These spreadsheet files may be downloaded from the Prentice Hall website ( www.prenhall.com/coduto ). They are introduced only after the reader learns how to perform the analyses by manual computations. Extensive use of example problems, many of which are new to this edition. Inclusion of carefully developed homework problems distributed throughout the chapters, with comprehensive problems at the end of each chapter. Many of these problems are new or revised. Discussions of recent advances in foundation engineering, including Statnamic testing, load and resistance factor design (LRFD), and applications of the cone penetration test (CPT). Inclusion of extensive bibliographic references for those wishing to study certain topics in more detail. An instructor's manual is available to faculty. It may be obtained from your Prentice Hall campus representative. AcknowledgementsMany friends, colleagues, and other professionals contributed to this work. Much of the book is the product of their stimulating discussions, constructive reviews, and support. Professor Joseph Caliendo of Utah State University was especially helpful. Stanley Vitton (Michigan Technological University), Samuel Clemence (Syracuse University), Richard Handy (Iowa State University), Raymond Moore (University of Nebraska), John Horvath (Manhattan College), Jose Pires (University of California, Irvine), Paul Chan (New Jersey Institute of Technology), William and Sandra Houston (Arizona State University), and others reviewed part or all of the manuscripts for the first