Foundational Issues in Human Brain Mapping

by Hanson, Stephen Jose; Bunzl, Martin

• ISBN13: 9780262014021
• ISBN10: 0262014025
• Edition: Revised
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-04-30
• Publisher: Bradford Books

Summary

The field of neuroimaging has reached a watershed. Brain imaging research has been the source of many advances in cognitive neuroscience and cognitive science over the last decade, but recent critiques and emerging trends are raising foundational issues of methodology, measurement, and theory. Indeed, concerns over interpretation of brain maps have created serious controversies in social neuroscience, and, more important, point to a larger set of issues that lie at the heart of the entire brain mapping enterprise. In this volume, leading scholars-neuroimagers and philosophers of mind-reexamine these central issues and explore current controversies that have arisen in cognitive science, cognitive neuroscience, computer science, and signal processing. The contributors address both statistical and dynamical analysis and modeling of neuroimaging data and interpretation, discussing localization, modularity, and neuroimagers' tacit assumptions about how these two phenomena are related; controversies over correlation of fMRI data and social attributions (recently characterized for good or ill as "voodoo correlations"); and the standard inferential design approach in neuroimaging. Finally, the contributors take a more philosophical perspective, considering the nature of measurement in brain imaging, and offer a framework for novel neuroimaging data structures (effective and functional connectivity-"graphs"). Contributors: William Bechtel, Bharat Biswal, Matthew Brett, Martin Bunzl, Max Coltheart, Karl J. Friston, Joy J. Geng, Clark Glymour, Kalanit Grill-Spector, Stephen Jose Hanson, Trevor Harley, Gilbert Harman, James V. Haxby, Rik N. Henson, Nancy Kanwisher, Colin Klein, Richard Loosemore, Sebastien Meriaux, Chris Mole, Jeanette A. Mumford, Russell A. Poldrack, Jean-Baptiste Poline, Richard C. Richardson, Alexis Roche, Adina L. Roskies, Pia Rotshtein, Rebecca Saxe, Philipp Sterzer, Bertrand Thirion, Edward Vul A Bradford Book

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. vii
Introduction	p. ix
Location and Representation	p. 1
A Critique of Functional Localizers	p. 3
Divide and Conquer: A Defense of Functional Localizers	p. 25
Commentary on Divide and Conquer: A Defense of Functional Localizers	p. 43
An Exchange about Localism	p. 49
Multivariate Pattern Analysis of fMRI Data: High-Dimensional Spaces for Neural and Cognitive Representations	p. 55
Inference and New Data Structures	p. 69
Begging the Question: The Nonindependence Error in fMRI Data Analysis	p. 71
On the Proper Role of Nonindependent ROI Analysis: A Commentary on Vul and Kanwisher	p. 93
On the Advantages of Not Having to Rely on Multiple Comparison Corrections	p. 97
Confirmation, Refutation, and the Evidence of fMRI	p. 99
Words and Pictures in Reports of fMRI Research	p. 113
Discovering How Brains Do Things	p. 115
Design and the Signal	p. 133
Resting-State Brain Connectivity	p. 135
Subtraction and Beyond: The Logic of Experimental Designs for Neuroimaging	p. 147
Advancements in fMRI Methods: What Can They Inform about the Functional Organization of the Human Ventral Stream?	p. 161
Intersubject Variability in fMRI Data: Causes, Consequences, and Related Analysis Strategies	p. 173
The Underdetermination of Theory by Data	p. 193
Neuroimaging and Inferential Distance: The Perils of Pictures	p. 195
Brains and Minds: On the Usefulness of Localization Data to Cognitive Psychology	p. 217
Neuroimaging as a Tool for Functionally Decomposing Cognitive Processes	p. 241
What Is Functional Neuroimaging For?	p. 263
References	p. 273
Contributors	p. 309
Index	p. 311
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