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9783540660156

Foundations of Computational Linguistics: Man- Machine Communication in Natural Language

by
  • ISBN13:

    9783540660156

  • ISBN10:

    3540660151

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 1999-07-01
  • Publisher: SPRINGER VERLAG INC

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Summary

Discusses the mechanism of natural language communication in both, the hearer and the speaker. Contents include the theory of language, theory of grammar, morphology and syntax, semantics and pragmatics and over 700 exercises for reviewing key ideas and important problems.

Table of Contents

Introduction 1(13)
Part I. Theory of Language
Computational language analysis
13(20)
Man-machine communication
13(3)
Language science and its components
16(5)
Methods and applications of computational linguistics
21(2)
Electronic medium in recognition and synthesis
23(3)
Second Gutenberg revolution
26(7)
Exercises
31(2)
Technology and grammar
33(18)
Indexing and retrieval in textual databases
33(3)
Using grammatical knowledge
36(3)
Smart versus solid solutions
39(2)
Beginnings of machine translation
41(4)
Machine translation today
45(6)
Exercises
49(2)
Cognitive foundation of semantics
51(18)
Prototype of communication
51(2)
From perception to recognition
53(3)
Iconicity of formal concepts
56(5)
Contextual I-propositions
61(3)
Recognition and action
64(5)
Exercises
67(2)
Language communication
69(20)
Adding language
69(3)
Modeling reference
72(3)
Using literal meaning
75(2)
Frege's principle
77(3)
Surface compositionality
80(9)
Exercises
87(2)
Using language sings on suitable contexts
89(14)
Buhler's organon model
89(2)
Pragmatics of tools and pragmatics of words
91(2)
Finding the correct subcontext
93(3)
Language production and interpretation
96(3)
Thought as the motor of spontaneous production
99(4)
Exercises
101(2)
Structure and functioning of signs
103(22)
Reference mechanisms of different sign types
103(4)
Internal structure of symbols and indices
107(3)
Indices for repeating reference
110(4)
Exceptional properties of icon and name
114(4)
Pictures, pictograms, and letters
118(7)
Exercises
121(4)
Part II. Theory of Grammar
Generative grammar
125(16)
Language as a subset of the free monoid
125(4)
Methodological reasons for generative grammar
129(2)
Adequacy of generative grammars
131(1)
Formalism of C-grammar
132(4)
C-grammar for natural language
136(5)
Exercises
139(2)
Language hierarchies and complexity
141(22)
Formalism of PS-grammar
141(3)
Language classes and computational complexity
144(2)
Generative capacity and formal language classes
146(6)
PS-Grammar for natural language
152(5)
Constituent structure paradox
157(6)
Exercises
161(2)
Basic notions of parsing
163(20)
Declarative and procedural aspects of parsing
163(2)
Fitting grammar onto language
165(5)
Type transparency between grammar and parser
170(6)
Input-output equivalence with the speaker-hearer
176(3)
Desiderata of grammar for achieving convergence
179(4)
Exercises
181(2)
Left-associative grammar (LAG)
183(20)
Rule types and derivation order
183(3)
Formalism of LA-grammar
186(4)
Time-linear analysis
190(2)
Absolute type transparency of LA-grammar
192(3)
LA-grammar for natural language
195(8)
Exercises
200(3)
Hierarchy of LA-grammar
203(20)
Generative capacity of unrestricted LAG
203(3)
LA-hierarchy of A-, B-, and C-LAGs
206(3)
Ambiguity in LA-grammar
209(3)
Complexity of grammars and automata
212(3)
Subhierarchy of C1-, C2-, and C3-LAGs
215(8)
Exercises
221(2)
LA-and PS-hierarchies in comparison
223(18)
Language classes of LA- and PS-grammar
223(2)
Subset relations in the two hierarchies
225(2)
Non-equivalence of the LA-and PS-hierarchy
227(2)
Comparing the lower LA-and PS-classes
229(3)
Linear complexity of natural language
232(9)
Exercises
237(4)
Part III. Morphology and Syntax
Words and morphemes
241(18)
Words and word forms
241(4)
Segmentation and concatenation
245(4)
Morphemes and allomorphs
249(1)
Categorization and lemmatization
250(3)
Methods of automatic word form recognition
253(6)
Exercises
257(2)
Word form recognition in LA-Morph
259(22)
Allo-rules
259(4)
Phenomena of allomorphy
263(6)
Left-associative segmentation into allomorphs
269(3)
Combi-rules
272(3)
Concatenation patterns
275(6)
Exercises
279(2)
Corpus analysis
281(20)
Implementation and application of grammar systems
281(3)
Subtheoretical variants
284(4)
Building corpora
288(3)
Distribution of word forms
291(4)
Statistical tagging
295(6)
Exercises
299(2)
Basic concepts of syntax
301(20)
Delimitation of morphology and syntax
301(3)
Valency
304(3)
Agreement
307(3)
Free word order in German (LA-D1)
310(6)
Fixed word order in English (LA-E1)
316(5)
Exercises
318(3)
LA-syntax for English
321(22)
Complex fillers in pre- and postverbal position
321(5)
English field of referents
326(2)
Complex verb forms
328(3)
Finite state backbone of LA-syntax (LA-E2)
331(4)
Yes/no-interrogatives (LA-E3) and grammatical perplexity
335(8)
Exercises
340(3)
LA-syntax for German
343(28)
Standard procedure of syntactic analysis
343(3)
German field of referents (LA-D2)
346(5)
Verbal positions in English and German
351(3)
Complex verbs and elementary adverbs (LA-D3)
354(6)
Interrogatives and subordinate clauses (LA-D4)
360(11)
Exercises
366(5)
Part IV. Semantics and Pragmatics
Three system types of semantics
371(18)
Basic structure of semantic interpretation
371(2)
Logical, programming, and natural languages
373(2)
Functioning of logical semantics
375(5)
Metalanguage-based versus procedural semantics
380(3)
Tarski's problem for natural language semantics
383(6)
Exercises
387(2)
Truth, meaning, and ontology
389(20)
Analysis of meaning in logical semantics
389(3)
Intension and extension
392(3)
Propositional attitudes
395(4)
Four basic ontologies
399(3)
Sorites paradox and the treatment of vagueness
402(7)
Exercises
406(3)
Absolute and contingent propositions
409(20)
Absolute and contingent truth
409(4)
Epimenides in a [ + sense, +constructive] system
413(3)
Frege's principle as homomorphism
416(4)
Time-linear syntax with homomorphic semantics
420(3)
Complexity of natural language semantics
423(6)
Exercises
426(3)
Database semantics
429(18)
Database metaphor of natural communication
429(3)
Descriptive aporia and embarrassment of riches
432(4)
Propositions as sets of coindexed proplets
436(2)
Proplets in a classic database
438(3)
Example of a word bank
441(6)
Exercises
444(3)
SLIM machine in the hearer mode
447(26)
External connections and motor algorithms
447(2)
Ten SLIM states of cognition
449(5)
Semantic interpretation of LA-SU syntax
454(4)
Example of syntatic-semantic derivation (LA-E4)
458(7)
From SLIM semantics to SLIM pragmatics
465(8)
Exercises
470(3)
SLIM machine in the speaker mode
473(26)
Subcontext as concatenated propositions
473(4)
Tracking principles of LA-navigation
477(6)
Interpreting autonomous LA-navigation with language
483(3)
Subordinating navigation
486(5)
LA-search and LA-inference
491(8)
Exercises
497(2)
Bibliography 499(18)
Name Index 517(4)
Subject Index 521

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