Foundations of Earth Science

by Lutgens, Frederick K.; Tarbuck, Edward J.; Tasa, Dennis

• ISBN13: 9780132401357
• ISBN10: 0132401355
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

The brief, paperback version of the best-selling Foundations ofEarthScience 5/e is designed for introductory courses in earth science. This highly visual, non- technical survey emphasizes broad, up-to-date coverage of basic topics and principles in geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy. The book's flexible design lends itself to the diversity of Earth science courses in both content and approach. As in previous editions, the main focus is to foster student understanding of basic earth science principles.

Table of Contents

Introduction

What Is Earth Science?

Earth's Spheres Hydrosphere Atmosphere Geosphere

Biosphere Earth as a System Scales of Space and Time in Earth

Science Resources and Environmental Issues Resources

Environmental Problems

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry

Hypothesis Theory Scientific Methods

Studying Earth Science

The Chapter in Review Key Terms

Questions for Review Online Study Guide Did You Know?

Earth Materials

Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks Minerals

The Building Blocks of Rocks Elements

Building Blocks of Minerals Atoms Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Atomic Number

Why Atoms Bond ionic Bonds

Electrons Transferred Covalent Bonds

Electrons Shared Isotopes and Radioactive

Decay Properties of Minerals Optical Properties Luster

The Ability to Transmit Light Color Streak Crystal Shape or Habit Mineral

Strength Tenacity Hardness Cleavage Fracture Density and Specific Gravity Other Properties of Minerals

Mineral Groups Silicate Minerals

Important Nonsilicate Minerals

Mineral Resources Important Nonsilicate Minerals

Rocks: Materials of the Solid Earth Earth as a System

The Rock Cycle [geode]

The Basic Cycle Alternative path Igneous Rocks

"Formed by Fire" [geode]

Magma Crystallizes to Form igneous Rocks Igneous Textures Igneous Compositions Classifying Igneous Rocks Granitic (Felsic)

Roocks Basaltic (Mafic)

Rocks Andesitic (Intermediate)

Rocks Ultamafic

Rocks How Different Igneous

Rocks Form Bowen's Reaction

Series Magmatic Differentiation Weathering of Rocks to Form Sediment [geode]

Mechanical Weathering of Rocks

Frost Wedging Uploading Biological Activity

Chemical Weathering of Rocks Sedimentary Rocks

Compacted and Cemented Sediment [geode]

Classifying Sedimentary Rocks

Detrital Sedimentary Rocks

Chemical Sedimentary rocks

Lithification of Sediment Features of Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic Rocks: New Rock from Old [geode]

Agents of Metamorphism Heat as a Metamorphic Agent Pressure (Stress) as a Metamorphic Agent Chemically

Active Fluids Metamorphic Textures

Common Metamorphic Rocs

Foliated Rocks

Nonfoliated Rocks

The Chapter in Review Key Terms

Questions for Review Online Study Guide

Sculpturing Earth's Surface

Landscapes Fashioned by Water Earth's External Processes Mass Wasting

The Work of Gravity Mass

Wasting and Landform Development Controls and Triggers of Mass Wasting

The Role of Water Oversteepened Slopes Removal of Vegetation Earthquakes as Triggers

The Water Cycle Running Water

Drainage Basins River Systems

Streamflow Gradient and Channel Characteristics

Discharge Changes from Upstream to Downstream

The Work of Running Water Erosion Transport

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