Foundations of Image Understanding

by Davis, Larry S.

• ISBN13: 9780792374572
• ISBN10: 0792374576
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-07-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

Computer systems that analyze images are critical to a wide variety of applications such as visual inspections systems for various manufacturing processes, remote sensing of the environment from space-borne imaging platforms, and automatic diagnosis from X-rays and other medical imaging sources. Professor Azriel Rosenfeld, the founder of the field of digital image analysis, made fundamental contributions to a wide variety of problems in image processing, pattern recognition and computer vision. Professor Rosenfeld's previous students, postdoctoral scientists, and colleagues illustrate in Foundations of Image Understanding how current research has been influenced by his work as the leading researcher in the area of image analysis for over two decades. Each chapter of Foundations of Image Understanding is written by one of the world's leading experts in his area of specialization, examining digital geometry and topology (early research which laid the foundations for many industrial machine vision systems), edge detection and segmentation (fundamental to systems that analyze complex images of our three-dimensional world), multi-resolution and variable resolution representations for images and maps, parallel algorithms and systems for image analysis, and the importance of human psychophysical studies of vision to the design of computer vision systems. Professor Rosenfeld's chapter briefly discusses topics not covered in the contributed chapters, providing a personal, historical perspective on the development of the field of image understanding. Foundations of Image Understanding is an excellent source of basic material for both graduate students entering the field and established researchers who require a compact source for many of the foundational topics in image analysis.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Contributing Authors	xiii
Summation	1	(32)
Azriel Rosenfeld
Beginnings	1	(1)
Bibliographies, books, surveys, and position papers	2	(1)
Geometry	3	(1)
Texture analysis, segmentation, and feature detection	4	(1)
Other topics	5	(28)
Digital Geometry --- The Birth of a New Discipline	33	(40)
Reinhard Klette
Introduction	33	(6)
Three classic papers	39	(3)
A. Rosenfeld
J. L. Pfaltz
Traditional digital geometry	42	(3)
Digitized Euclidean geometry	45	(5)
Approximation of curves	50	(5)
Approximation of surfaces	55	(5)
Conclusions	60	(13)
Digital Topology	73	(22)
T. Yung Kong
Introduction	73	(1)
The discrete Jordan curve theorem	74	(3)
Good pairs of adjacency relations	77	(3)
Simple points	80	(4)
Adjacency trees; boundary and border following algorithms	84	(4)
Concluding remarks	88	(7)
Fuzzy Mathematics	95	(32)
John N. Mordeson
Introduction	95	(1)
Geometry	96	(11)
Digital topology	107	(9)
Graph theory	116	(4)
Algebra	120	(7)
Picture Languages	127	(30)
Akira Nakamura
Hiroshima-Denki
Introduction	127	(2)
Formal languages for pictorial pattern recognition	129	(2)
2D and 3D array grammars and array languages	131	(4)
Parallel grammars and parallel acceptors	135	(6)
Web grammars, web automata, and cellular graph automata	141	(5)
An application of array grammars	146	(5)
Further topics	151	(1)
List of Rosenfeld's works on picture languages	152	(5)
Parallel Image Processing	157	(24)
Angela Y. Wu
Introduction	157	(2)
Parallel computers for image processing	159	(6)
Pixel-level processing	165	(4)
Region-level processing	169	(6)
Concluding remarks	175	(6)
Object Representations	181	(38)
Hanan Samet
Introduction	181	(3)
Unit-size cells	184	(3)
Blocks	187	(6)
Arbitrary objects	193	(8)
Hierarchical representations	201	(4)
Boundary-based representations	205	(6)
Concluding remarks	211	(8)
Texture Classification and Segmentation	219	(22)
Rama Chellappa
B. S. Manjunath
Tribulations	219	(2)
Triumphs	221	(13)
Tributes	234	(7)
Edge Measures Using Similarity Regions	241	(48)
Maneesh K. Singh
Narendra Ahuja
Introduction	242	(3)
Related work	245	(5)
Edges and similarity regions	250	(7)
SRS-based edge measures	257	(7)
Preprocessing using clustering	264	(16)
Discussion and conclusions	280	(9)
Relaxation Labeling: 25 Years and Still Iterating	289	(34)
Steven W. Zucker
Introduction	289	(1)
Historical remarks	290	(9)
Tangent maps and compatibilities for curve inference	299	(8)
Subtree isomorphism for shape matching	307	(4)
Polymatrix games	311	(4)
Summary and conclusions	315	(8)
From a Robust Hierarchy to a Hierarchy of Robustness	323	(26)
Peter Meer
Inside image pyramids	323	(3)
Stochastic pyramids and least median of squares	326	(10)
The vision perspective of robustness	336	(7)
Instead of conclusions	343	(6)
A Pyramid Framework for Real-Time Computer Vision	349	(32)
Peter J. Burt
Introduction	349	(1)
From human to computer vision	350	(6)
Pyramid transforms	356	(5)
Frame-to-frame alignment	361	(3)
Space/time filters	364	(2)
Multi-resolution fusion	366	(3)
Displacement fields	369	(4)
Attribute maps	373	(1)
Vision front-end system	374	(3)
Next steps	377	(4)
On the Computational Modeling of Human Vision	381	(28)
Jacob Beck
Introduction	381	(1)
One-stage theories	382	(1)
Multiple processes: Perception of lightness	383	(5)
Multiple representations: Visual segregation	388	(3)
Multiple sources of information: Perception of transparency	391	(5)
Impenetrability	396	(3)
Summary	399	(10)
Statistics Explains Geometrical Optical Illusions	409	(38)
Cornelia Fermuller
Yiannis Aloimonos
Introduction	409	(4)
Errors in gray values	413	(10)
Errors in line elements	423	(6)
Errors in motion	429	(6)
The inherent problem	435	(2)
Discussion and summary	437	(10)
Appendix: Expected value of the least squares solution	441	(6)
Optics for OmniStereo Imaging	447	(22)
Yael Pritch
Moshe Ben-Ezra
Shmuel Peleg
Introduction	447	(1)
Circular projections	448	(1)
OmniStereo mosaicking	449	(2)
Curves for OmniStereo optics	451	(3)
Spiral mirror, I	454	(3)
Spiral mirror, II	457	(6)
A spiral lens	463	(2)
Concluding remarks	465	(4)
Volumetric Scene Reconstruction from Multiple Views	469	(22)
Charles R. Dyer
Introduction	469	(1)
Volumetric representations	470	(1)
Shape from silhouettes	471	(2)
Shape from photo-consistency	473	(3)
Voxel visibility using plane-sweep	476	(1)
Voxel coloring	477	(1)
Space carving	478	(2)
Better reconstructions	480	(2)
Extensions	482	(2)
Conclusions	484	(7)
Index	491