Foundations for Microwave Engineering

by Collin, Robert E.

• ISBN13: 9780780360310
• ISBN10: 0780360311
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-01-05
• Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press

Summary

"FOUNDATIONS FOR MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, Second Edition, covers the major topics of microwave engineering. Its presentation defines the accepted standard for both advanced undergraduate and graduate level courses on microwave engineering. An essential reference book for the practicing microwave engineer, it features: Planar transmission lines, as well as an appendix that describes in detail conformal mapping methods for their analysis and attenuation characteristics Small aperture coupling and its application in practical components such as directional couplers and cavity coupling Printed circuit components with an emphasis on techniques such as even and odd mode analysis and the use of symmetry properties Microwave linear amplifier and oscillator design using solid-state circuits such as varactor devices and transistorsFOUNDATIONS FOR MICROWAVE ENGINEERING, Second Edition, has extensive coverage of transmission lines, waveguides, microwave circuit theory, impedance matching and cavity resonators. It devotes an entire chapter to fundamental microwave tubes, in addition to chapters on periodic structures, microwave filters, small signal solid-state microwave amplifier and oscillator design, and negative resistance devices and circuits. Completely updated in 1992, it is being reissued by the IEEE Press in response to requests from our many members, who found it an invaluable textbook and an enduring reference for practicing microwave engineers.About the AuthorRobert E. Collin is the author or coauthor of more than 150 technical papers and five books on electromagnetic theory and applications. His classic text, Field Theory of Guided Waves, is also a volume in the series. Professor Collin has had a long and distinguished academic career at Case Western Reserve University. In addition to his professional duties, he has served as chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering and as interim dean of engineering.Professor Collin is a life fellow of the IEEE and a member of the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society and the Antennas and Propagation Society (APS). He is a member of U.S. Commission B of URSI and a member of the Geophysical Society. Other honors include the Diekman Award from Case Western Reserve University for distinguished graduate teaching , the IEEE APS Distinguished Career Award (1992), the IEEE Schelkunoff Prize Paper Award (1992), the IEEE Electromagnetics Award (1998), and an IEEE Third Millennium Medal in 2000. In 1990 Professor Collin was elected to the National Academy of Engineering."Sponsored by: IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available upon request from the Wiley Makerting Department.

Author Biography

About the Author Robert E. Collin is the author or coauthor of more than 150 technical papers and five books on electromagnetic theory and applications. His classic text, Field Theory of Guided Waves, is also a volume in the series. Professor Collin has had a long and distinguished academic career at Case Western Reserve University. In addition to his professorial duties, he has served as chairman of the Department of Electrical Engineering and as interim dean of engineering. Professor Collin is a life fellow of the IEEE and a member of the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society and the Antennas and Propagation Society (APS). He is a member of the U.S. Commission B of URSI and a member of the Geophysical Society. Other honors include the Diekman Award from Case Western Reserve University for distinguished graduate teaching, the IEEE APS Distinguished Career Award (1992), the IEEE Schelkunoff Prize Paper Award (1992), the IEEE Electromagnetics Award (1998), and an IEEE Third Millennium Medal in 2000. In 1990 Professor Collin was elected to the National Academy of Engineering.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Introduction	1	(16)
Microwave Frequencies	1	(2)
Microwave Applications	3	(3)
Microwave Circuit Elements and Analysis	6	(11)
References	16	(1)
Electromagnetic Theory	17	(54)
Maxwell's Equations	17	(6)
Constitutive Relations	23	(5)
Static Fields	28	(3)
Wave Equation	31	(2)
Energy and Power	33	(6)
Boundary Conditions	39	(5)
Plane Waves	44	(5)
Plane Waves in Free Space	44	(5)
Reflection from a Dielectric Interface	49	(4)
Parallel Polarization	49	(3)
Perpendicular Polarization	52	(1)
Reflection from a Conducting Plane	53	(3)
Potential Theory	56	(3)
Derivation of Solution for Vector Potential	59	(3)
Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem	62	(9)
Problems	65	(5)
References	70	(1)
Transmission Lines and Waveguides	71	(149)
Waves on Transmission Lines	72	(1)
Waves on An Ideal Transmission Line	72	(6)
Terminated Transmission Line: Resistive Load	78	(4)
Capacitive Termination	82	(3)
Steady-State Sinusoidal Waves	85	(1)
Waves on a Lossy Transmission Line	86	(3)
Loss-Free Transmission Line	88	(1)
Low-Loss Transmission Line	89	(1)
Terminated Transmission Line: Sinusoidal Waves	89	(7)
Terminated Lossy Line	94	(2)
Field Analysis of Transmission Lines	96	(1)
Classification of Wave Solutions	96	(8)
TEM Waves	99	(1)
TE Waves	100	(2)
TM Waves	102	(2)
Transmission Lines (Field Analysis)	104	(8)
Lossless Transmission Line	104	(4)
Transmission Line with Small Losses	108	(4)
Transmission-Line Parameters	112	(5)
Inhomogeneously Filled Parallel-Plate Transmission Line	117	(8)
Low-Frequency Solution	121	(2)
High-Frequency Solution	123	(2)
Planar Transmission Lines	125	(5)
Microstrip Transmission Line	130	(34)
Low-Frequency Solutions	136	(17)
Microstrip Attenuation	153	(5)
High-Frequency Properties of Microstrip Lines	158	(5)
Attenuation	163	(1)
Coupled Microstrip Lines	164	(6)
Strip Transmission Lines	170	(3)
Attenuation	171	(2)
Coupled Strip Lines	173	(2)
Coplanar Transmission Lines	175	(6)
Attenuation	178	(2)
High-Frequency Dispersion	180	(1)
Rectangular and Circular Waveguides	180	(1)
Rectangular Waveguide	181	(13)
TE Waves	182	(4)
Power	186	(1)
Attenuation	187	(3)
Dominant TE10 Mode	190	(3)
TM Modes	193	(1)
Circular Waveguides	194	(4)
TM Modes	194	(2)
TE Modes	196	(2)
Wave Velocities	198	(7)
Phase Velocity	199	(1)
Group Velocity	200	(4)
Energy-Flow Velocity	204	(1)
Ridge Waveguide	205	(3)
Fin Line	208	(12)
Problems	210	(9)
References	219	(1)
Circuit Theory for Waveguiding Systems	220	(83)
Equivalent Voltages and Currents	221	(3)
Impedance Description of Waveguide Elements and Circuits	224	(6)
One-Port Circuits	224	(4)
Lossless One-Port Termination	228	(2)
Foster's Reactance Theorem	230	(2)
Even and Odd Properties of Zin	232	(1)
N-Port Circuits	233	(5)
Proof of Symmetry for the Impedance Matrix	235	(1)
Proof of Imaginary Nature of [Z] for a Lossless Junction	236	(1)
Normalized Impedance and Admittance Matrices	237	(1)
Two-Port Junctions	238	(10)
Some Equivalent Two-Port Circuits	245	(3)
Scattering-Matrix Formulation	248	(6)
Symmetry of Scattering Matrix	250	(1)
Scattering Matrix for a Lossless Junction	251	(3)
Scattering Matrix for a Two-Port Junction	254	(3)
Transmission-Matrix Representation	257	(3)
Voltage-Current Transmission Matrix	257	(2)
Wave-Amplitude Transmission Matrix	259	(1)
Signal Flow Graphs	260	(8)
Generalized Scattering Matrix for Power Waves	268	(8)
Excitation of Waveguides	276	(8)
Probe Coupling in a Rectangular Waveguide	276	(5)
Radiation from Linear Current Elements	281	(2)
Radiation from Current Loops	283	(1)
Waveguide Coupling by Apertures	284	(19)
Aperture in a Transverse Wall	286	(4)
Aperture in Broad Wall of a Waveguide	290	(4)
Problems	294	(8)
References	302	(1)
Impedance Transformation and Matching	303	(91)
Smith Chart	304	(4)
Impedance Matching with Reactive Elements	308	(4)
Single-Stub Matching	309	(3)
Double-Stub Matching Network	312	(5)
Triple-Stub Tuner	317	(2)
Impedance Matching with Lumped Elements	319	(11)
Circuit Q and Bandwidth	325	(5)
Design of Complex Impedance Terminations	330	(4)
Invariant Property of Impedance Mismatch Factor	334	(5)
Waveguide Reactive Elements	339	(4)
Shunt Inductive Elements	340	(1)
Shunt Capacitive Elements	341	(1)
Waveguide Stub Tuners	342	(1)
Quarter-Wave Transformers	343	(4)
Theory of Small Reflections	347	(1)
Approximate Theory for Multisection Quarter-Wave Transformers	348	(2)
Binomial Transformer	350	(2)
Chebyshev Transformer	352	(4)
Chebyshev Transformer (Exact Results)	356	(4)
Filter Design Based on Quarter-Wave-Transformer Prototype Circuit	360	(10)
Junction Capacitance and Length Compensation	365	(5)
Tapered Transmission Lines	370	(3)
Exponential Taper	372	(1)
Taper with Triangular Distribution	372	(1)
Synthesis of Transmission-Line Tapers	373	(7)
Chebyshev Taper	380	(3)
Exact Equation for the Reflection Coefficient	383	(11)
Problems	387	(6)
References	393	(1)
Passive Microwave Devices	394	(87)
Terminations	394	(3)
Variable Short Circuit	395	(2)
Attenuators	397	(7)
Electronically Controlled Attenuators	400	(4)
Phase Shifters	404	(9)
Rotary Phase Shifter	404	(5)
Electronically Controlled Phase Shifters	409	(4)
Directional Couplers	413	(22)
Directional-Coupler Designs	416	(11)
Coupled-Line Directional Couplers	427	(5)
Branch-Line Directional Coupler	432	(2)
Lange Directional Coupler	434	(1)
Hybrid Junctions	435	(7)
Magic T	435	(2)
Hybrid Ring	437	(5)
Power Dividers	442	(8)
Microwave Propagation in Ferrites	450	(10)
Faraday Rotation	460	(4)
Microwave Devices Employing Faraday Rotation	464	(4)
Gyrator	464	(2)
Isolator	466	(1)
Resonance Isolator	467	(1)
Circulators	468	(8)
Three-Port Circulator	471	(2)
Field Analysis of Three-Port Circulator	473	(3)
Other Ferrite Devices	476	(5)
Problems	476	(3)
References	479	(2)
Electromagnetic Resonators	481	(69)
Resonant Circuits	481	(4)
Transmission-Line Resonant Circuits	485	(5)
Series Resonance; Short-Circuited Line	485	(2)
Open-Circuited Line	487	(1)
Antiresonance	488	(2)
Microstrip Resonators	490	(10)
Circular Disk Resonator	496	(4)
Microwave Cavities	500	(8)
Rectangular Cavity	500	(4)
Cylindrical Cavity	504	(4)
Dielectric Resonators	508	(9)
Equivalent Circuits for Cavities	517	(8)
Aperture-Coupled Cavity	517	(6)
Loop-Coupled Cavity	523	(2)
Field Expansion in a General Cavity	525	(8)
Cavity Field Expansions in Terms of Short-Circuit Modes	527	(1)
Electric Field Expansion	528	(1)
Orthogonality Properties	529	(2)
Magnetic Field Expansion	531	(1)
Orthogonality Properties	531	(1)
Relationship between En and Hn Modes	532	(1)
Oscillations in a Source-Free Cavity	533	(5)
Cavity with Lossy Walls	534	(2)
Degenerate Modes	536	(2)
Excitation of Cavities	538	(3)
Cavity Perturbation Theory	541	(9)
Problems	545	(3)
References	548	(2)
Periodic Structures and Filters	550	(98)
Capacitively Loaded Transmission-Line-Circuit Analysis	551	(6)
Wave Analysis of Periodic Structures	557	(2)
Periodic Structures Composed of Unsymmetrical Two-Port Networks	559	(1)
Terminated Periodic Structures	560	(3)
Matching of Periodic Structures	563	(1)
k0-β Diagram	564	(2)
Group Velocity and Energy Flow	566	(3)
Floquet's Theorem and Spatial Harmonics	569	(2)
Periodic Structures for Traveling-Wave Tubes	571	(9)
Periodic Structures for Millimeter-Wave Traveling-Wave Tubes	577	(3)
Sheath Helix	580	(3)
Some General Properties of a Helix	583	(2)
Introduction to Microwave Filters	585	(2)
Image-Parameter Method of Filter Design	587	(4)
Filter Design by Insertion-Loss Method	591	(1)
Specification of Power Loss Ratio	592	(3)
Maximally Flat Filter Characteristic	593	(1)
Chebyshev Filter	593	(2)
Some Low-Pass-Filter Designs	595	(3)
Frequency Transformations	598	(5)
Frequency Expansion	599	(1)
Low-Pass to High-Pass Transformation	599	(1)
Low-Pass to Bandpass Transformation	600	(2)
Period Bandpass Mapping	602	(1)
Impedance and Admittance Inverters	603	(14)
A Microstrip Half-Wave Filter	617	(9)
Microstrip Parallel Coupled Filter	626	(9)
Quarter-Wave-Coupled Cavity Filters	635	(4)
Direct-Coupled Cavity Filters	639	(3)
Other Types of Filters	642	(6)
Problems	642	(5)
References	647	(1)
Microwave Tubes	648	(65)
Introduction	648	(2)
Electron Beams with dc Conditions	650	(4)
Ion-Neutralized Beam	650	(1)
Beam with Axially Confined Flow	651	(1)
Brillouin Flow	652	(2)
Space-Charge Waves on Beams with Confined Flow	654	(7)
Space-Charge Waves on Unfocused Beams	661	(6)
Ac Power Relations	667	(3)
Velocity Modulation	670	(8)
Two-Cavity Klystron	678	(8)
Excitation of a Cylindrical Cavity	679	(4)
Cavity Excitation by a Velocity-Modulated Beam	683	(3)
Reflex Klystron	686	(4)
Magnetron	690	(2)
O-Type Traveling-Wave Tube	692	(7)
M-Type Traveling-Wave Tube	699	(2)
Gyrotrons	701	(7)
Field-Particle Interaction in a Gyrotron	703	(5)
Other Types of Microwave Tubes	708	(5)
Problems	709	(3)
References	712	(1)
Solid-State Amplifiers	713	(86)
Bipolar Transistors	716	(5)
Transistor Biasing	720	(1)
Field-Effect Transistors	721	(4)
FET Biasing	724	(1)
Circle-Mapping Properties of Bilinear Transformations	725	(1)
Microwave Amplifier Design Using Sij Parameters	726	(2)
Amplifier Power Gain	728	(7)
Derivation of Expressions for Gain	730	(5)
Amplifier Stability Criteria	735	(9)
Conditionally Stable Devices	740	(4)
Constant Power-Gain Circles	744	(16)
Properties of the Constant Gain Circles	746	(1)
Stable Devices	746	(4)
Unstable Devices	750	(10)
Basic Noise Theory	760	(7)
Filtered Noise	762	(3)
Noise in Active Devices	765	(1)
Noisy Two-Port Networks	766	(1)
Low-Noise Amplifier Design	767	(9)
Noise Figure	768	(2)
Noise Figure for Cascaded Stages	770	(2)
Constant Noise-Figure Circles	772	(4)
Constant Mismatch Circles	776	(4)
Constant Input Mismatch Circle	778	(2)
Output Impedance-Mismatch Circle	780	(1)
Microwave Amplifier Design	780	(13)
Single-Stage Amplifier Design	781	(7)
Design of Second Stage for a Two-Stage Amplifier	788	(5)
Other Aspects of Microwave Amplifier Design	793	(6)
Problems	795	(3)
References	798	(1)
Parametric Amplifiers	799	(32)
p-n Junction Diodes	800	(4)
Manley-Rowe Relations	804	(3)
Linearized Equations for Parametric Amplifiers	807	(2)
Parametric Up-Converter	809	(5)
Negative-Resistance Parametric Amplifier	814	(7)
Noise Properties of Parametric Amplifiers	821	(10)
Problems	829	(1)
References	830	(1)
Oscillators and Mixers	831	(82)
Gunn Oscillators	832	(5)
Gunn Oscillator Circuits	835	(2)
IMPATT Diodes	837	(3)
Transistor Oscillators	840	(3)
Three-Port Description of a Transistor	843	(6)
Oscillator Circuits	849	(2)
Oscillator Design	851	(5)
Mixers	856	(8)
Linear Mixer Operation	861	(1)
Nonlinear Mixer Operation	862	(2)
Mixer Noise Figure	864	(1)
Balanced Mixers	865	(3)
Other Types of Mixers	868	(1)
Mixer Analysis Using Harmonic Balancing	869	(7)
Problems	873	(2)
References	875	(1)
Appendixes
I Useful Relations from Vector Analysis	876	(5)
I.1 Vector Algebra	876	(1)
I.2 Vector Operations in Common Coordinate Systems	877	(1)
Rectangular Coordinates	877	(1)
Cylindrical Coordinates	877	(1)
Spherical Coordinates	878	(1)
I.3 Vector Identities	879	(1)
I.4 Green's Identities	880	(1)
II Bessel Functions	881	(5)
II.1 Ordinary Bessel Functions	881	(2)
II.2 Modified Bessel Functions	883	(2)
References	885	(1)
III Conformal Mapping Techniques	886	(25)
III.1 Conformal Mapping	886	(3)
III.2 Elliptic Sine Function	889	(3)
III.3 Capacitance between Two Parallel Strips	892	(4)
III.4 Strip Transmission Line	896	(2)
III.5 Conductor Loss	898	(5)
III.6 Conductor Losses for a Microstrip Transmission Line	903	(2)
III.7 Attenuation for a Coplanar Line	905	(6)
IV Physical Constants and Other Data	911	(2)
IV.1 Physical Constants	911	(1)
IV.2 Conductivities of Materials	912	(1)
IV.3 Dielectric Constants of Materials	912	(1)
IV.4 Skin Depth in Copper	912	(1)
Index	913