The Free and the Unfree

by Carroll, Peter N. (Author); Noble, David W. (Author)

• ISBN13: 9780141001586
• ISBN10: 0141001585
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-08-01
• Publisher: Penguin Group USA

Summary

The creators of the Constitution based the American system on principles of equality and freedom, but often people who made America their home faced inequality, injustice, and legal discrimination. The Free and the Unfree documents what happened when Native Americans, African-Americans, immigrants, religious minorities, and women tested America's humanitarian and democratic principles. It surveys the social, cultural, political, and economic developments that broadened America's definition of freedom - from the earliest contacts with Native Americans and the Revolutionary War through the Civil Rights movement and the sexual revolution. The Free and the Unfree presents a concise, thorough, and up-to-date examination of the spirit and limits of freedom, providing readers with a little-known perspective on American history.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. 9
Preface To The Third Edition	p. 11
Preface To The Second Edition	p. 15
Preface To The First Edition	p. 19
American Societies: From Settlement to Nation	p. 21
Native Americans Meet Native Europeans	p. 23
Native American cultures and their lands
The first contact: Columbus and European exploration
The European background: Protestant Reformation, political nationalism, economic change, Renaissance curiosity
Race for empire: early exploration, conquest, and colonization
The Transplantation	p. 43
The instruments of European expansion
Tudor England on the eve of colonization
Anglican and Puritan conflict
Jamestown: first permanent English settlement
Puritans in New England
Proprietary colonies
Organizing space and time
The colonial family
Colonial religion: the Great Awakening and religious toleration
Colonial Economy and Social Structure	p. 69
New England commerce and southern tobacco economy
Commerce and conflict in the Middle Atlantic colonies
Mercantilism and the Navigation Acts
Westward expansion vs. Native American interests
Slavery and black society
The provincial elite
Social mobility and social stratification on the eve of revolution
Politics and the American Revolution	p. 91
Political values and the emergence of modern politics
Colonial political structure
The imperial wars and the Treaty of Paris
England's great war for empire and colonial protest against taxation and other Intolerable Acts
The War for Independence: origins, military engagements, peace settlement
Establishing state governments
The Articles of Confederation: the first national government and the call for reform
The Constitution and American Identity	p. 125
Cultural nationalism after 1776
Constitution making: the Philadelphia convention, Federalists vs. Antifederalists, ratification, and political consensus
The emergence of national identity
Thomas Jefferson's legacy to America
National Expansion: From Constitution to Civil War	p. 141
Social Patterns North and South	p. 143
Marriage and the family
Morality and religion
The organization of time in American life: the clock industry
Growth of factories, transportation, and industrial markets
Population growth and European immigration
Industrial values and the urban working class
Social structure in northern industrial society
Southern slavery and black culture: plantation economy and King Cotton, black challenges to slavery
Attitudes toward women and children
Women's rights and Seneca Falls
The Organization of Space	p. 163
Western expansion and Manifest Destiny
Geographical exclusion: wars with Native Americans and removal to reservations
Texas and the Mexican War
The colonization movement vs. abolitionism
Persecution of Mormons
Urban planning and the growth of cities: grid plans
Anti-Catholicism: nativism and the Know-Nothing party
Consequences of racial separation: urban violence
Nineteenth-century reforms: prisons, asylums, and the environment
Politics and Power	p. 185
Founding the Republic: the paradox of political parties and local politics
Alexander Hamilton's financial program and the beginnings of national political parties: Republicans vs. Federalists
Foreign-policy formulations under Washington, Jefferson, and Madison
War of 1812
Era of Good Feelings: nationalism vs. sectionalism, the Missouri Compromise, and political reform
Andrew Jackson, President of the people: Democrats vs. Whigs, the Bank War, nullification controversy, and the Tariff of Abominations
Presidential election, 1856: Dred Scott Decision, Lincoln in office, sectional crisis, secession and the coming of civil war
The Civil War and American Identity	p. 211
The war and its aftermath: strategies, battles, death immersion, Emancipation Proclamation
The weakness of the Confederacy and the triumph of the nationalist attitude
The Lincoln Presidency and republican destiny: biracial society, Native Americans, social values, and family relations
Lincoln, symbol of unity and death
An International Frontier Opens as the Western Frontier Closes	p. 227
The Collapse of Nineteenth-Century Culture	p. 229
Debacle in the West for Native Americans: reservations and the Dawes Act, disaster at Wounded Knee
Spiritual crisis and other threats to white Protestant values and religious manifest destiny: divorce, fear of sex and death, changing role of women
Social activism: the Purity Crusade
The Teddy Roosevelt ideal
Socializing adolescents and dependent children for class roles
Blacks: citizens only in the eyes of the law
The New Industrial Economy	p. 257
Railroads transform regional trade to a national economy
The modern corporation
Growth of organized labor
Expansion and mechanization of agriculture
Growth of the metropolis and the urban labor force
The black ghetto: treadmill of poverty and underemployment
Politics in the Late Nineteenth Century	p. 279
Reconstruction
Democratic party and the "new South"
New industrial elite and the politics of corruption
Populism: the People's party allies with Democrats
Harnessing racial resentment against blacks: disenfranchisement, legalized segregation, and the Ku Klux Klan
Women in politics and women's suffrage
Regulation of power in Washington
The End of Isolation, 1898-1920	p. 299
President Theodore Roosevelt's two terms
President Woodrow Wilson: the man in office
Exploiting foreign markets
America's Open Door Policy
War in Europe, 1914, and American neutrality
The United States enters World War I
The Closing of Frontiers at Home and Abroad, 1920-86	p. 315
Prosperity and Depression, 1920-40	p. 317
Postwar disillusionment: failure of the Purity Crusade, the jazz era, and the "lost generation"
Explosion of black culture and black pride
Postwar corporate boom
Herbert Hoover: at the helm of a consumer economy
Stockmarket disaster: facing the depression
Roosevelt's emergency measures
War, Economic Prosperity, and Consensus, 1936-60	p. 343
Re-election of FDR
Japa and Germany threaten American neutrality
War is declared
War economy means economic prosperity
FDR on social issues
Truman completes FDR's fourth term
Cold war with the Soviet Union: Marshall Plan and NATO
The collapse of Nationalist China
Korean conflict
Eisenhower, the Red scare, and the arms race
The end of American innocence
New Visions, New Ethics, 1950-70	p. 367
Voices of the beatnik poets
Ecology: a "counterculture" science
Children in the counterculture
Changing sex and social roles: women's liberation
Lifting taboos on aging and death
TV: mirror of modern times
Patterns of Economic Change, 1960-76	p. 383
The Kennedy-Rostow economy
Economic change and the black community
The growth of space technology
Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty
International corporate growth
Inflation and recession
Nixon faces the economic crunch
Oil crisis
Curbing environmental exploitation
Limits to growth
American Foreign Policy and Domestic Politics, 1960-76	p. 401
John F. Kennedy and Cuba
Escalating involvement in Vietnam
Johnson's Vietnam war
Civil-rights activism and change
Native Americans and "Red Power"
Political women
Nixon reunites Republican party, 1968
Abuses of the Presidency: Watergate
Politics and Society, 1976-86	p. 419
Gerald Ford and the legacy of Watergate
The rise and fall of Jimmy Carter
Resurgence on the right
Reaganomics and the economic crisis
Iran-Contragate
Social Issues: the family, the elderly, and the poor
The Crisis of National Identity, 1987-2000	p. 439
The legacy of Ronald Reagan
The brief presidency of George Bush
Cultural pluralism and the rise of Bill Clinton
Prosperity, polarization, and political gridlock
Washington scandals and impeachment
Multiculturalism and the election of 2000
Epilogue	p. 459
Selected References	p. 465
Index	p. 497
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