Freedom of Expression in the 21st Century

by Robert Trager

• ISBN13: 9780803990852
• ISBN10: 0803990855
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-25
• Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc

Summary

Through the use of a variety of interesting case situations, this book addresses current issues about freedom of expression.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Prologue	1	(1)
Free speech in liberal democracies	1	(2)
Repressing speech	3	(3)
Justifications for free speech	6	(1)
Analyzing free speech issues	7	(2)
Discussing free speech	9	(4)
what is expression?	13	(18)
Thoughts as expression	14	(3)
Repressing thoughts	14	(2)
Confessing thoughts	16	(1)
Is action expression?	17	(3)
Symbolic expression	20	(3)
Is art expression?	23	(3)
Verbal communication	26	(2)
Summary	28	(3)
who controls expression?	31	(44)
Freedom of...versus freedom from...	31	(2)
The impulse to censor	33	(3)
Who controls: government and religion	36	(4)
The Age of Enlightenment	40	(2)
Sedition and licensing in England	42	(10)
John Milton and the marketplace of ideas	44	(3)
The Enlightenment philosophers	47	(5)
Politics and sedition	52	(3)
Sedition in America	53	(2)
Alien and Sedition Acts	55	(2)
Free speech for minority viewpoints	57	(1)
John Stuart Mill and tolerance	57	(1)
Violence and freedom of expression	58	(1)
The Supreme Court defines freedom of expression	59	(2)
America's xenophobia and freedom of speech	61	(4)
Resetting the boundaries of free speech	65	(2)
International contemporary issues of control	67	(5)
Comparing the United States with British Commonwealth countries	67	(3)
Europe and freedom of speech	70	(1)
Eastern Europe's struggles to define freedom of expression	71	(1)
Summary	72	(3)
who controls: ``tyranny of the majority''	75	(16)
Majoritarian rule in the 19th century	77	(2)
Majoritarian will in the 20th century	79	(3)
The Internet and private censorship	82	(2)
Who controls: private ``censorship''	84	(6)
Self-censorship and the fear of government retaliation	85	(1)
Self-censorship and economic survival	86	(1)
Editorial discretion or censorship?	87	(1)
Self-censorship, self-regulation, and the Internet	88	(2)
Summary	90	(1)
what does freedom of expression mean?	91	(20)
International declarations and covenants	96	(2)
The values of freedom of expression	98	(11)
Self-fulfillment and self-identity	101	(1)
The search for truth	102	(4)
Self-government and political speech	106	(3)
Summary	109	(2)
what speech should not be protected?	111	(32)
Vagueness and overbreadth	112	(1)
Threatening speech	113	(5)
Obscene material	118	(6)
Hate speech	124	(9)
``Fighting words'' in the United States	124	(3)
Treatment of hate speech in other countries	127	(3)
Can hate speech be redressed to resolved?	130	(3)
Advertising	133	(3)
Political campaign funding	136	(2)
Free speech: when, where, and how	138	(3)
Summary	141	(2)
whose expression should and should not be protected?	143	(22)
Prisoners' freedom of speech	144	(1)
Public school students' free speech rights	145	(1)
Free speech for businesses?	146	(2)
Free speech for government?	148	(5)
More free speech for print than other media?	153	(12)
Broadcasting	154	(3)
Cable television	157	(2)
Motion picture	159	(1)
The internet	160	(5)
should freedom of expression include the right not to speak?	165	(14)
Coerced speech	165	(5)
Required speech	170	(2)
Forcing businesses to speak	172	(1)
Anonymous speech	173	(2)
The right to silence	175	(1)
Summary	176	(3)
balancing freedom of expression against reputations, privacy, and fair trials	179	(32)
Libel and protecting reputations	179	(15)
Libel and the public interest	184	(4)
Product disparagement laws	188	(3)
SLAPP suits	191	(1)
Group libel	191	(1)
CyberLibel	192	(2)
Reporting, the government and privacy	194	(7)
Government and privacy	195	(2)
Invasion of privacy by the media	197	(1)
Physical intrusion	197	(2)
Embarrassing but true	199	(1)
False light	200	(1)
Fair trial versus the people's right to know	201	(10)
Access to courts and documents	202	(1)
Cameras in the courtroom	203	(2)
Televised trials as political spectacles	205	(1)
Gag orders	206	(1)
Free press fair trial in British Commonwealth countries	207	(1)
Summary	208	(3)
epilogue	211	(5)
references	216	(7)
index	223