The Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean

by Lewis, Edward Lyn; Jones, E. Peter; Lemke, Peter; Prowse, Terry D.; Wadhams, Peter

• ISBN13: 9780792364405
• ISBN10: 0792364406
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-05-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

There have been major changes in the heat content and ice cover of the Arctic Ocean since 1990. Year after year, this observational evidence underscores the likelihood that predictions of global climatic effects will turn out to be true. Changes in the freshwater flow from the Arctic Ocean may have very significant consequences for humanity, including those alive today. It is vital that we develop the capability to predict the magnitude of such effects with far greater certainty, as well as the probability of their occurrence within a giver time frame. To do so, we need the internationally organised commitment of scientific labour and funding. This book has been written by many of the world's most knowledgable polar oceanographers, meteorologists and hydrologists, takes full account of the latest results and discusses their significance. It draws together assessments by many specialists to present an integrated view of possible future changes in the climate of the Northern hemisphere.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Acknowledgements	xi
Summary Poem	xiii
Introduction	xv
Oceanic freshwater fluxes in the climate system	1	(20)
Anders Stigebrandt
Global atmospheric circulation patterns and relationships to Arctic freshwater fluxes	21	(24)
J.E. Walsh
Atmospheric components of the arctic Ocean freshwater balance and their interannual variability	45	(12)
R.G. Barry
M.C. Serreze
Hydroclimatology of the Arctic drainage basin	57	(34)
L.C. Bowling
D.P. Lettenmaier
B.V. Matheussen
The Arctic Ocean's freshwater budget: sources, storage and export	91	(36)
Eddy C. Carmack
The Arctic ocean freshwater budget of a climate General Circulation Model	127	(14)
Howard Vattle
Douglas Cresswell
Atomospheric components of the Arctic Ocean hydrologic budget assessed from Rawinsonde data	141	(22)
M.C. Serreze
R.G. Barry
Reanalyses depictions of the Arctic atmospheric moisture budget	163	(34)
D.H. Bromwich
R.I. Cullather
M.C. Serreze
Moisture transport to Arctic drainage basins relating to significant precipitation events and cyclogenesis	197	(12)
John R. Gyakum
Atmospheric climate models: simulation of the Arctic Ocean fresh water budget components	209	(40)
V.M. Kattsov
J.E. Walsh
A. Rinke
K. Dethloff
Discharge observation networks in Arctic regions: computation of the river runoff into the Arctic Ocean, its seasonality and variability	249	(20)
W.E. Crabs
F. Portmann
T. de Couet
Arctic river flow: a review of contributing areas	269	(12)
T.D. Prowse
P.O. Flegg
The dynamics of river water inflow to the Arctic Ocean	281	(16)
I.A. Shiklomanov
A.I. Shiklomanov
R.B. Lammers
B.J. Peterson
C.J. Vorosmarty
River input of water, sediment, major ions, nutrients and trace metals from Russian territory to the Arctic Ocean	297	(26)
V.V. Gordeev
The dispersion of Siberian river flows into coastal waters: meteorological, hydrological and hydrochemical aspects	323	(44)
I.P. Semiletov
N.I. Savelieva
G.E. Weller
I.I. Pipko
S.P. Pugach
A. Yu. Gukov
L.N. Vasilevskaya
The variable climate of the Mackenzie River basin: its water cycle and fresh water discharge	367	(16)
R.E. Stewart
Arctic estuaries and ice:L a positive-negative estuarine couple	383	(26)
R.W. Macdonald
Satellite views of the Arctic Ocean freshwater balance	409	(44)
D.A. Rothrock
R. Kwok
D. Groves
Tracer studies of the Arctic freshwater budget	453	(26)
P. Schlosser
B. Ekwurzel
S. Khatiwala
B. Newton
W. Maslowski
S. Pfirman
Exchanges of freshwater through the shallow straits of the North American Arctic	479	(24)
Humfrey Melling
The transformations of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean and their significance for the freshwater budget	503	(30)
Bert Rudels
Hans J. Friedrich
Modelling the variability of exchanges between the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic seas	533	(1)
Rudiger Gerdes
Sea ice growth, melt and modeling: a survey	533	(56)
Michael Steele
Gregory M. Flato
Fresh water freezing/melting cycle in the Arctic Ocean	589	(20)
G.V. Alekseev
L.V. Bulatov
V.F. Zakharov
Colour Plates	609	(12)
Subject Index	621