Frontiers in Modeling and Control of Breathing

by Poon, Chi-Sang; Kazemi, Homayoun; Oxford Conference 2000 (North Falmouth, Mass.)

• ISBN13: 9780306466472
• ISBN10: 0306466473
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-11-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

The field of neural control of breathing has advanced rapidly in the past two decades, with the emergence of many new and promising research directions of increasing sophistication. The complexity and diversity of the current methodologies signify its remarkable vivacity, albeit at the price of much confusion. Captured in this book are the broad and intricate nature of the field and its multifaceted frontiers, including aspects of genetics, cell and molecular biology, comparative biology, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuroanatomy, imaging, human physiology in health and disease, and influence of environmental factors. Major topics include chemosensitivity, respiratory sensation, respiratory neurons, rhythmogenesis, plasticity, development, chemoreflex and exercise, respiratory instability and variability with behavioral and sleep states, etc., which are systematically laid out in the book for easy referencing.

Table of Contents

Remembrance of "Oxford" Conferences Past	p. 3
Workshop on Modeling in the 21[superscript st] Century: An executive summary	p. 9
Central Respiratory Chemosensitivity: Cellular and Network Mechanisms	p. 17
Chemoreception and Tonic Drive in the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus (RTN) Region of the Awake Rat: Bicuculline and muscimol dialysis in the RTN	p. 27
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Enhances Carotid Body Chemoreceptor Response to Low Oxygen	p. 33
Neurotransmitter Release from the Rabbit Carotid Body: Differential Effects of Hypoxia on Substance P and Acetylcholine Release	p. 39
Muscarinic Receptors Influence Catecholamine Release from the Cat Carotid Body during Hypoxia	p. 45
Pharmacological and Immunochemical Evidence of the Dopamine D[subscript 3] Receptor in the Goat Carotid Body	p. 49
The Excitatory Effect of Nitric Oxide on Carotid Body Chemoreception Is Blocked by Oligomycin	p. 55
CO[subscript 2]/HCO[subscript 3]-Modulates K[superscript +] and Ca[superscript 2+] Currents in Glomus Cells of the Carotid Body	p. 61
Inhibition or Lack of NAD(P)H Oxidase Subunits Do Not Alter the Normal Cytosolic Calcium, Sensory and Respiratory Response of Chemoreceptors	p. 67
Peripheral and Central Chemosensitivity: Multiple Mechanisms, Multiple Sites? A workshop summary	p. 73
Role of Brainstem Respiratory Neuron Types in Phase-Switching Produced by Afferent Vagal Stimulation	p. 83
Modulation of the Central Respiratory Effects of 5-HT by Vagal Afferents in Newborn Rat	p. 89
Activation of Medullary Post-Inspiratory Related Neurons during Clonidine-Induced Central Apnea in Anesthetized Goats	p. 95
Respiratory Control of Hypoglossal Motoneurons	p. 101
Projections from Brainstem GABAergic Neurons to the Phrenic Nucleus	p. 107
Optical Recording of the Neuronal Activity in the Brainstem-Spinal Cord: Application of a voltage-sensitive dye	p. 113
Interfacing Computer Models with Real Neurons: Respiratory "Cyberneurons" Created with the Dynamic Clamp	p. 119
Is the Vertebrate Respiratory Central Pattern Generator Conserved? Insights from in-vitro and in-vivo amphibian models	p. 127
Unstable Breathing Rhythms and Quasiperiodicity in the Pre-Botzinger Complex	p. 133
Stationary Organotypic Culture of the Pre-Botzinger Complex from the Newborn Rat	p. 139
Respiratory Rhythm Generation: PreBotzinger Neuron Discharge Patterns and Persistent Sodium Current	p. 147
Roles of the Botzinger Complex in the Formation of Respiratory Rhythm	p. 153
Models of Neuronal Bursting Behavior: Implications for In-Vivo versus In-Vitro Respiratory Rhythmogenesis	p. 159
Neurogenesis of the Respiratory Pattern: Insights from Computational Modeling	p. 165
Reconfiguration of the Central Respiratory Network under Normoxic and Hypoxic Conditions	p. 171
How Is the Respiratory Central Pattern Generator Configured and Reconfigured? A workshop summary	p. 179
Respiratory Suppression Induced by Nicotine Withdrawal in the Neonatal Rat Brainstem: Implications in the SIDS risk factor	p. 187
Effect of DNA Hypomethylation on Neural Control of Respiration: A Genetic Model	p. 195
Respiratory Pattern and Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Mice Functionally Lacking [alpha][subscript 2a]-Adrenergic Receptors	p. 201
Do Genetic Factors Influence the Dejours Phenomenon?	p. 209
Role of Nitric Oxide in Short-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Facilitation: Involvement of NO in breathing stability	p. 215
Induction of Long-Term Modulation of the Exercise Ventilatory Response in Man	p. 221
Metabolic Consequences of Hypoxic Conditioning in Lymnaea Stagnalis	p. 225
The Lymnaea Respiratory System: Where are we going with learning?	p. 231
Possible Mechanisms That May Determine the Set Point and Sensitivities of the Chemoreflexes	p. 237
Modeling Respiratory Adaptations in Humans	p. 241
Post-Hypoxic Frequency Decline Characterized in the Rat Working Heart Brainstem Preparation	p. 247
Model of Nonassociative Learning in Vagal-Pontine Modulation of the Respiratory Rhythm	p. 255
NMDA Receptor Blockade Unmasks Novel Gating and Memory Mechanisms in Vagal Control of Respiratory Rhythm	p. 261
Beyond Chemoreflex: Plasticity, Redundancy and Self-Organization in Respiratory Control: A workshop summary	p. 267
Modeling the Ventilatory Response to Variations in End-Tidal PCO[subscript 2] in Patients who Have Undergone Bilateral Carotid Body Resection	p. 275
Cerebral Blood Flow Sensitivities of CO[subscript 2] with the Steady-State Method and Read's Rebreathing Method	p. 279
Modeling the Interaction between Perfusion Pressure and CO[subscript 2] on Cerebral Blood Flow	p. 285
Central Amino Acid Neurotransmitters, Ventilatory Output and Metabolism during Acute Hypoxia in Anesthetized Rats	p. 291
Gene Regulation during Intermittent Hypoxia: Evidence for the Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species	p. 297
Response Surface Modeling of Drug Interactions on Cardiorespiratory Control	p. 303
A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Low-Dose Volatile Anaesthetics on the Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia: Analysis for sources of heterogeneity	p. 309
Simulation of the Respiratory Control System	p. 315
Long-Haul Flights May Induce Respiratory Changes Similar to Ventilatory Acclimatisation to Altitude	p. 321
Sustained Moderate Hyperoxia Augments the Acute Hypoxic Response in Awake Goats	p. 325
Respiratory Effects of Breathing High Oxygen during Incremental Exercise in Humans	p. 331
Intra-Breath Profiles of Alveolar Gas Exchange and the Initial Limb-to-Lung Transit Delay during Exercise in Humans: Relevance for modeling the exercise hyperpnea	p. 337
Skeletal Muscle Chemoreflex in Exercise Ventilatory Control	p. 343
Distention of Venous Structures in Muscles as a Controller of Respiration	p. 349
Ventilatory and Circulatory Responses at the Onset of Rapid Changes in Posture	p. 357
Cardiorespiratory Responses to Walking and Running at an Incremental Speed of Treadmill	p. 363
The Breath Sound Check and Exercise at or about the Ventilatory Threshold	p. 369
Improved O[subscript 2] Transport and Utilization Capacity following Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia in Rats	p. 375
Intercept Shift in the Breathlessness/Ventilation Relationship in Response to Progressive Increase in Workload: Change in exercise breathlessness response	p. 383
Ventilatory vs. Dyspneic Responses to Augmenting and Subsequently Declining CO[subscript 2] Stimulation in Humans	p. 389
Hypoxic-Hypercapnic Interaction on Ventilatory Response and Respiratory Sensation in Females: Profile during menstrual cycle	p. 393
Opioid Effect on Breathing Frequency and Thermogenesis in Mice Lacking Exon 2 of the [mu]-Opioid Receptor Gene	p. 399
Modulation of Breathing using Imperceptible Unloading	p. 405
General Model for Patient-Ventilator Interactions	p. 411
Phase Relations between Rhythmical Forearm Movements and Breathing in Cerebellar Impaired Patients	p. 417
Computational Modeling of Integration of Voluntary/Behavioral and Automatic Mechanisms for Breathing Control	p. 425
The Control of Breathing at Rest	p. 431
Central and Peripheral Chemoreflex Characteristics: Panic Disorder Patients vs. Healthy Volunteers	p. 435
A Physiological and Psychological Model of Idiopathic Hyperventilation	p. 439
Behavioral State Control and Airway Instability	p. 445
Neural Drives and Breathing Stability	p. 453
Variability of CO[subscript 2]-Sensitivity during Sleep	p. 459
Dynamics of Heart Rate Control in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A minimal model	p. 465
Computational Model of the Effects of Breathing on Cardiac Function	p. 471
Inspiratory Timing Differences and Regulation of Gria2 Gene Variation: A Candidate Gene Hypothesis	p. 477
Explained and Unexplained Variability of CO[subscript 2]-Sensitivity in Humans	p. 483
Comparison between the Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography Signal Derivative and the Airflow Signal	p. 489
Respiratory Instability and Variability: Why Is Respiration Such a Mess? A workshop summary	p. 495
Index	p. 501
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