Fruit and Vegetables Harvesting, Handling and Storage

by Thompson, Anthony Keith

• ISBN13: 9781405106191
• ISBN10: 1405106190
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-11-07
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

The second edition of this very well-received book, which in its first edition was entitled Postharvest Technology of Fruits and Vegetables, has been welcomed by the community of postharvest physiologists and technologists who found the first edition of such great use. The book covers, in comprehensive detail, postharvest physiology as it applies to postharvest quality, technology relating to maturity determination, harvesting, packaging, postharvest treatments, controlled atmosphere storage, ripening and transportation on a very wide international range of fruits and vegetables.The new edition of this definitive work, which contains many full colour photographs, provides key practical and commercially-oriented information of great use in helping to ensure that fruit and vegetables reach the retailer in optimum condition, with the minimum of loss and spoilage.Fruits and vegetables, 2nd edition is essential reading forfruit and vegetable technologists, food scientists and food technologists, agricultural scientists, commercial growers, shippers and warehousing operatives and personnel within packaging companies. Researchers and upper level students in food science, food technology, plant and agricultural sciences will find a great deal of use within this landmark book. All libraries in research establishments and universities where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies readily available for users.A. K. Thompson was formerly Professor and head of Postharvest Technology, Silsoe College, UK.

Author Biography

A. K. Thompson was formerly Professor and Head of Postharvest Technology, Silsoe College, UK.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Acknowledgements	xvii
1. Preharvest factors on postharvest life	1	(8)
Introduction	1	(1)
Nutrients	1	(2)
Organic production	3	(1)
Rootstock	4	(1)
Light	5	(1)
Day length	5	(1)
Temperature	5	(1)
Water relations	6	(1)
Tree age	6	(1)
Flowering time	6	(1)
Harvest time	6	(1)
Preharvest infection	7	(1)
Chemical treatments	7	(2)
2. Assessment of crop maturity	9	(10)
Introduction	9	(1)
Field methods	9	(3)
Postharvest methods	12	(7)
3. Harvesting and handling methods	19	(6)
Introduction	19	(1)
Crop damage	19	(2)
Harvesting	21	(3)
Field transport	24	(1)
4. Precooling	25	(6)
Introduction	25	(1)
Heat removal	26	(1)
Precooling methods	26	(5)
5. Packaging	31	(16)
Introduction	31	(1)
Types of packaging	32	(6)
Package recycling	38	(1)
Modified atmosphere packaging	38	(9)
6. Postharvest treatments	47	(6)
Introduction	47	(1)
Minerals	47	(1)
Astringency removal	48	(1)
Antioxidants	48	(1)
Sprout suppressants	48	(1)
Fruit coating	49	(2)
Antiethylene	51	(1)
Salicylic acid	51	(1)
Curing	51	(1)
Hot water treatment	52	(1)
Vapour heat treatment	52	(1)
Degreening	52	(1)
7. Storage	53	(18)
Store management and organization	53	(1)
Store design and method	54	(5)
Refrigerated storage	59	(2)
Controlled atmosphere stores	61	(8)
Hypobaric storage	69	(2)
8. Disease control	71	(9)
Introduction	71	(1)
Legislation	71	(1)
Microorganism control	72	(1)
Chemical application methods	73	(2)
Non-fungicidal methods of disease control	75	(5)
9. Safety	80	(6)
Introduction	80	(1)
Micotoxins	81	(1)
Bacterial toxins	82	(2)
Safety in controlled atmosphere stores	84	(1)
Toxicity of packaging material	85	(1)
Packhouse safety	85	(1)
10. Fruit ripening conditions	86	(11)
Introduction	86	(1)
Changes during fruit ripening	87	(4)
Controlled atmosphere storage on ripening	91	(1)
Design of ripening rooms	92	(1)
Ethylene on ripening	92	(1)
Sources of ethylene	93	(2)
Alternative gases to ethylene	95	(2)
11. Marketing and transport	97	(18)
Marketing	97	(1)
Marketing systems	98	(2)
Cooperative marketing associations	100	(1)
Market analysis	101	(1)
Branding	101	(1)
National transport	102	(1)
International trade	103	(1)
Cold chain	103	(1)
Transport by sea	103	(7)
International transport by airfreight	110	(1)
Temperature monitoring	111	(1)
International quarantine	112	(3)
12. Postharvest technology of fruits and vegetables	115	(256)
Introduction	115	(1)
Acerolas	115	(1)
Ackee, akee	116	(1)
African breadfruit	116	(1)
Amelanchier	117	(1)
Amaranth	117	(1)
American grapes	117	(1)
Anise, anis	117	(1)
Anus, cubios	118	(1)
Apples	118	(16)
Apricot	134	(1)
Arracacha, Peruvian parsnip	135	(1)
Arrowroot	136	(1)
Asian pears, Japanese pears, naski	136	(1)
Asian spinach	137	(2)
Asparagus	139	(1)
Atemoyas	140	(1)
Aubergines, egg plants	141	(1)
Avocados, alligator pear, midshipmen's butter	142	(5)
Babacos	147	(1)
Bamboo shoots	148	(1)
Banana passionfruit	148	(1)
Bananas	149	(17)
Barbados cherries, West Indian cherries	166	(1)
Beefsteak fungus	166	(1)
Beetroots, red beet	167	(1)
Belle apples, Jamaican honeysuckle, water lemons	168	(1)
Biriba, wild soursop	168	(1)
Bitter gourd, pepino, kerels, bitter cucumber, balsam pear	168	(1)
Bitter yam, cluster yam	169	(1)
Blackberries, brambles	169	(1)
Blackcurrants	170	(1)
Black radish	171	(1)
Black sapotes	172	(1)
Blueberries, bilberries, whortleberries	172	(1)
Blewit, field blewit	173	(1)
Bottle gourds, white flowered gourds	173	(1)
Boysenberries	174	(1)
Breadfruits	174	(1)
Broad beans, horse beans, Windsor beans	175	(1)
Broccoli, calabrese	176	(1)
Brussels sprouts	177	(1)
Cabbages	178	(1)
Caimetos, star apples	179	(1)
Calamondnis, Philippine limes	180	(1)
Canistel, egg fruit	180	(1)
Cape gooseberries, physalis, Peruvian cherry	180	(1)
Capsicums, sweet peppers, bell peppers	181	(2)
Carambola, star fruit	183	(1)
Carrots	184	(2)
Cashew apples	186	(1)
Cassava, monioc, tapioca, yuca	186	(3)
Cauliflower	189	(2)
Cauliflower fungus	191	(1)
Celeriac, turnip rooted celery	191	(1)
Celery	192	(1)
Cep, penny bun boletus	193	(1)
Chanterelles	193	(1)
Chard, spinach beet	194	(1)
Chayotes, christophines, chocho	194	(1)
Cherimoyas	195	(1)
Cherries, sweet cherries	195	(1)
Chervil	196	(1)
Chicory, whitloof, radicchio	197	(1)
Chilles, hot peppers, peppers, cherry peppers, bird chillies	198	(1)
Chinese artichokes	198	(1)
Chinese bayberries	199	(1)
Chinese cabbage	199	(1)
Chinese chives	200	(1)
Chinese kale, kale	200	(1)
Chinese pears	201	(1)
Chinese radishes, Japanese radishes	201	(1)
Chinese water chestnut, bigi	201	(1)
Chinese yams	202	(1)
Chives	202	(1)
Citron	203	(1)
Clementines	203	(1)
Cloudberries, baked-appled berries	203	(1)
Coconuts, waternuts, jelly coconuts	204	(1)
Collards, kale	204	(1)
Coriander	205	(1)
Courgettes, summer squash, zucchini, baby marrow	205	(1)
Cranberries	206	(1)
Cress, watercress	207	(1)
Cucumber	208	(1)
Custard apples, bullock's heart	209	(1)
Damsons	210	(1)
Dates	210	(3)
Dewberries	213	(1)
Dill	213	(1)
Durians	213	(2)
Easy peeling citrus fruits	215	(1)
Elderberries	215	(1)
Elephant foot yam, elephant yam, suran	215	(1)
Emblic, Indian gooseberries	216	(1)
Endives, escaroles, frisee	216	(1)
Enoki-take mushrooms, winter mushroom, velvet shank	216	(1)
Fairy ring toadstool	217	(1)
Feijoas, pineapples guava	217	(1)
Fennel	218	(1)
Field mushroom	218	(1)
Fig leaf gourds, malibar gourds	218	(1)
Figs	218	(2)
Gages, green gages	220	(1)
Garlic	220	(1)
Genies, Spanish limes	221	(1)
Giant taro	221	(1)
Ginger	221	(1)
Globe artichokes	222	(1)
Golden apple, otaheite apple	223	(1)
Gooseberries	223	(1)
Governor's plum	224	(1)
Granadillas, giant granadillas	224	(1)
Granadillos, sweet granadillas	224	(1)
Grapes	225	(2)
Grapefruits	227	(2)
Greater yam, Lisbon yam, white yam, water yam, Asiatic yam	229	(1)
Green beans, kidney beans, snap beans, common beans	230	(2)
Guavas	232	(2)
Hawthorne	234	(1)
Hog plum, yellow mombin	234	(1)
Horn of plenty	234	(1)
Horse mushroom	234	(1)
Horseradish	234	(1)
Huckleberries	235	(1)
Hyssop	235	(1)
Intoxicating yam, Asiatic bitter yam	235	(1)
Jaboticaba	236	(1)
Jackfruit, jaca	236	(1)
Jerusalem artichoke	237	(1)
Jew's ear	237	(1)
Jujube, Chinese jujube	237	(1)
Jujube, Indian jujube, ber	238	(1)
Kale	239	(1)
Kiwanos, horned melons, melano	239	(1)
Kiwifruits, Chinese gooseberries, yang tao	239	(2)
Kohlrabi, turnip rooted cabbage	241	(1)
Kumquats	242	(1)
Langsat, lanzon, duku	242	(1)
Leeks	243	(1)
Lemons	244	(2)
Lemon balm	246	(1)
Lesser yam, Asiatic yam, lesser Asiatic yam	247	(1)
Lettuces	247	(3)
Lima beans, butter beans, Burma beans	250	(1)
Limes	251	(2)
Limequats	253	(1)
Litchi, lychee	253	(2)
Loganberries	255	(1)
Longan	255	(2)
Longkong, Iongong	257	(1)
Loquats, Japanese medlars	257	(1)
Lotus roots	258	(1)
Lovi lovi	258	(1)
Maitake	258	(1)
Malay apple, pomerac, jambos, Malacca apple	258	(1)
Mamey, mamay apple, mammey apple	259	(1)
Mandarins	259	(1)
Mangoes	260	(7)
Mangosteen	267	(1)
Marrow, squash	268	(2)
Matricaria	270	(1)
Medlar	270	(1)
Melons, cantaloupes, musk melons	270	(3)
Metki	273	(1)
Mint	273	(1)
Monstera	273	(1)
Mora, Andes berry	273	(1)
Morles	274	(1)
Mulberries	274	(1)
Mume, Japanese apricot	274	(1)
Mushrooms, cultivated mushroom	275	(3)
Mustard, white mustard	278	(1)
Nameko	278	(1)
Naranjilla, lulo, toronja	278	(1)
Nectarines	279	(1)
Oca	279	(1)
Okra, gumbo, lady's finger	280	(1)
Olives	281	(1)
Onions, bulb onions	282	(4)
Oranges	286	(4)
Ortanique, temple oranges, murcotts	290	(1)
Oyster mushrooms, hiratake mushroom	290	(1)
Papa criolla, criolla	291	(1)
Papayas, pawpaws	291	(3)
Papayuela, mountain papaya	294	(1)
Parasol mushrooms, parasol fungus	294	(1)
Parsley	294	(1)
Parsnips	295	(1)
Passionfruits, maracuya	296	(1)
Pe-tsai, pak choi, pak chou, celery cabbage	297	(1)
Peaches	297	(2)
Pears	299	(3)
Peas, garden peas, mange tout, snow peas, sugar peas	302	(2)
Pepinos, mishqui, tree melons	304	(1)
Persimmons, kaki, sharon fruit, date plums	305	(1)
Pineapples	306	(2)
Pink-spored grisette, rose-gilled grisette	308	(1)
Pitahaya, dragon fruit	309	(1)
Plantains	309	(2)
Plums	311	(2)
Pomegranates	313	(1)
Potatoes	314	(6)
Potato yams	320	(1)
Prickly pear, tuna, Indian fig, barberry fig, cactus fruit	320	(1)
Pummelos, pumelos, pomelo, shaddock	321	(1)
Pumpkin	322	(1)
Queensland arrowroot, edible canna	322	(1)
Quinces	322	(1)
Radishes, salad radishes	323	(1)
Rambutan	324	(1)
Raspberries	325	(1)
Redcurrants, whitecurrants	326	(1)
Red whortleberries, cowberries, mountain cranberries	326	(1)
Rhubarb	327	(1)
Rose apple, pommarosa	327	(1)
Saffrom milk cap	327	(1)
Salak, snake fruit	328	(1)
Salsify	328	(1)
Sapodillas, sapota, zapota, chico chiko	328	(2)
Sapote mamey, mamey zapote	330	(1)
Satsumas	331	(1)
Savory, summer savory	332	(1)
Scarlet runner beans, runner beans	332	(1)
Scorzonere	332	(1)
Seville oranges, bitter oranges	333	(1)
Shaggy ink cap, lawyer's wig	333	(1)
Shallots	334	(1)
Shiitake	334	(1)
Sloes	335	(1)
Snake gourds	335	(1)
Sorrel, Jamaican sorrel, roselle	336	(1)
Sorrel, French sorrel	336	(1)
Sour cherries	336	(1)
Soursop, graviola, guanabana	337	(1)
Spanish plum, Jamaican plum, red mombin	337	(1)
Spinach	337	(1)
Spring onions, green onions, escallion, scallions	338	(1)
Strawberries	339	(2)
Strawberry guava, cattley guava	341	(1)
Straw mushrooms, paddy straw mushrooms	342	(1)
Sugar cane, noble cane	342	(1)
Summer white button mushroom	342	(1)
Swamp taro, giant swamp taro, gallan	343	(1)
Swedes, rutabagas	344	(1)
Sweetcorn, babycorn	344	(2)
Sweet passionfruit	346	(1)
Sweet potatoes	347	(1)
Sweetsops, sugar apples, custard apples	348	(1)
Tamarillos, tree tomatoes	349	(1)
Tamarind	350	(1)
Tangerines	351	(1)
Tannic, new cocoyam	351	(1)
Taro, dasheen, eddoe, cocoyam, malanga, old cocoyam	351	(2)
Tayberries	353	(1)
Tomatoes	353	(4)
Topee tambo	357	(1)
Truffles	357	(1)
Turnips	357	(1)
Turnip greens	358	(1)
Turnip rooted parsley, hamburgh parsley	358	(1)
Uglifruits, mineolas, minneolas, tangelos	358	(1)
Ullocu, ulloco	359	(1)
Velvet shank	359	(1)
Watermelon	359	(2)
Water spinach, tong cai, kang kong	361	(1)
West Indian gooseberries, otahiete gooseberries	361	(1)
White radishes, Japanese radishes, mooli, daikon	361	(1)
White sapote, zapote	361	(1)
White yams, negro yams, guinea yams	362	(1)
Wild cucumbers, pepinos	363	(1)
Winged beans	363	(1)
Wood blewits	364	(1)
Wood mushroom	364	(1)
Yacon, jiquima, aricuma	364	(1)
Yam bean, jicama	365	(1)
Yams	366	(1)
Yampies, tush tush, elephant yams, Indian yams	366	(1)
Yanagimatsutake mushrooms	367	(1)
Yellow yams, twelve months yams	367	(1)
Youngberries	368	(1)
Zapotes chupa chupa	369	(2)
Appendix: glossary of terms	371	(2)
Abbreviations	371	(1)
Carbon dioxide and oxygen in controlled atmosphere stores	371	(1)
Concentration of chemicals and ethylene in a store	371	(1)
Film thickness	371	(1)
Humidity	372	(1)
Hypobaric storage	372	(1)
References	373	(72)
Index	445