Fullerene Collision Reactions

by Campbell, Eleanor E. B.

• ISBN13: 9781402017506
• ISBN10: 1402017502
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-12-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

The discovery and macroscopic production of the fullerenes in the early 1990's led to the initiation of a new sub-field of atomic and molecular collision studies. The beautiful structure and remarkable properties of these hollow, all-carbon molecules made them ideal subjects as model systems for studying the collision dynamics of complex molecules. Fullerene Collision Reactions provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art of fullerene collision studies. The book begins with introductory chapters that provide the necessary background in experimental and theoretical techniques. This is followed by experimental results and theoretical calculations covering the wide range of available gas-phase fullerene collision experiments. Emphasis is placed on gas-phase molecular beam experiments where reaction, fragmentation and charge transfer cross sections have been determined covering collision energy ranges from thermal to MeV. Atomic, ionic, electronic, cluster and surface collisions involving fullerenes are covered in depth accompanied by a clear presentation of the most commonly applied experimental and theoretical techniques. This book will be an invaluable resource for senior undergraduate students, graduate students and researchers working in the field.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION	1	(4)
Chapter 2 EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES	5	(24)
1. Fullerene sources	6	(9)
1.1 Neutral beams	6	(2)
1.2 Charged beams	8	(3)
1.3 Neutral targets	11	(4)
2. Examples of collision experiments	15	(14)
2.1 Thermal collision energies	15	(2)
2.2 Hyperthermal collision experiments	17	(4)
2.3 Coincidence experiments	21	(3)
2.4 Electron impact	24	(2)
2.5 Surface collisions	26	(3)
Chapter 3 THEORETICAL MODELS	29	(42)
1. Frames of reference and classical mechanics of collisions	29	(15)
1.1 Collisional energy transfer	33	(9)
1.2 Scattering dynamics	42	(2)
2. Fragmentation: statistical models	44	(8)
2.1 Arrhenius fragmentation rates and the finite heat bath correction	45	(4)
2.2 Maximum entropy calculations	49	(3)
3. Molecular dynamics simulations	52	(10)
3.1 Classical MD simulations	53	(3)
3.2 MD simulations using density functional theory	56	(4)
3.3 Non-adiabatic MD simulations	60	(2)
4. Charge transfer	62	(9)
4.1 Classical "over-the-barrier" model	62	(3)
4.2 Rapp and Francis model	65	(6)
Chapter 4 CHEMICALLY REACTIVE AND THERMAL ENERGY COLLISIONS	71	(14)
1. Low energy addition and charge transfer reactions with fullerenes	71	(10)
1.1 Addition reactions	71	(7)
1.2 Charge transfer	78	(3)
2. Penning ionisation	81	(4)
Chapter 5 COLLISION INDUCED DISSOCIATION	85	(26)
1. Singly-charged fullerene projectile ions	85	(13)
2. Fullerene targets	98	(5)
3. Coincidence experiments	103	(8)
Chapter 6 CHARGE TRANSFER IN COLLISIONS WITH HIGHLY CHARGED IONS	111	(14)
1. High charge states of C60	112	(7)
2. Charge transfer mechanisms and final projectile states	119	(6)
Chapter 7 ELECTRON COLLISIONS	125	(10)
1. Electron impact ionisation cross sections	125	(7)
2. Electron attachment	132	(3)
Chapter 8 ENDOHEDRAL FULLERENE FORMATION	135	(26)
1. Gas phase collisional capture of atoms and ions	136	(15)
1.1 Capture of rare gas atoms	136	(11)
1.2 High pressure encapsulation of rare gas atoms	147	(1)
1.3 Gas phase collisional capture of alkali ions	148	(3)
2. Ion implantation	151	(10)
2.1 Low energy ion implantation	151	(5)
2.2 Nuclear recoil	156	(5)
Chapter 9 FULLERENE-FULLERENE COLLISIONS	161	(30)
1. Fusion and fragmentation	163	(20)
1.1 Fusion	163	(12)
1.2 Fragmentation	175	(8)
2. Charge transfer	183	(8)
Chapter 10 SURFACE COLLISIONS	191
1. Fragmentation and scattering	191	(14)
1.1 Fragmentation	191	(8)
1.2 Scattering	199	(4)
1.3 Collisions with fullerite films	203	(2)
2. Sputtering	205