Fundamental Nursing Skills and Concepts

by Timby, Barbara Kuhn

• ISBN13: 9780781747363
• ISBN10: 0781747368
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-07-06
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

Fully revised and updated, Fundamental Nursing Skills and Concepts will assist you in learning the foundation of nursing care, and will provide guidance in learning step-by-step clinical skills. Using a visually exciting full-color format with handy cross-referencing to Timby and Smith's Essentials of Nursing, this trusted resource delivers even more of the information you need for safe, effective nursing. Book jacket.

Author Biography

Barbara Kuhn Timby, RN, BC, BSN, MA Glen Oaks Community College, Centreville, Michigan

Table of Contents

UNIT 1 Exploring Contemporary Nursing	1	(28)
Nursing Foundations	1	(15)
Nursing Origins	1	(1)
The Nightingale Reformation	2	(1)
The Crimean War	2	(1)
Nightingale's Contributions	2	(1)
Nursing in the United States	3	(2)
U.S. Nursing Schools	3	(1)
Expanding Horizons of Practice	3	(2)
Contemporary Nursing	5	(1)
Combining Nursing Art With Science	5	(1)
Integrating Nursing Theory	5	(1)
Defining Nursing	5	(1)
The Educational Ladder	5	(4)
Practical/Vocational Nursing	6	(1)
Registered Nursing	7	(1)
Baccalaureate Programs	8	(1)
Graduate Nursing Programs	9	(1)
Continuing Education	9	(1)
Future Trends	9	(2)
Governmental Responses	9	(1)
Proactive Strategies	10	(1)
Unique Nursing Skills	11	(5)
Assessment Skills	11	(1)
Caring Skills	11	(1)
Counseling Skills	11	(3)
Comforting Skills	14	(2)
Nursing Process	16	(13)
Definition of the Nursing Process	16	(1)
Characteristics of the Nursing Process	16	(1)
Steps of the Nursing Process	17	(8)
Assessment	17	(3)
Diagnosis	20	(2)
Planning	22	(1)
Implementation	23	(1)
Evaluation	24	(1)
Use of the Nursing Process	25	(4)
UNIT 2 Integrating Basic Concepts	29	(52)
Laws and Ethics	29	(15)
Laws	29	(7)
Constitutional Law	29	(1)
Statutory Laws	30	(1)
Administrative Laws	30	(1)
Common Law	31	(1)
Criminal Laws	31	(1)
Civil Laws	31	(5)
Professional Liability	36	(1)
Liability Insurance	36	(1)
Reducing Liability	36	(1)
Malpractice Litigation	37	(1)
Ethics	37	(7)
Codes of Ethics	37	(1)
Ethical Dilemmas	37	(1)
Ethical Theories	37	(3)
Ethical Decision-Making	40	(1)
Ethics Committees	40	(1)
Common Ethical Issues	40	(4)
Health and Illness	44	(10)
Health	44	(1)
Health: A Limited Resource	45	(1)
Health: A Right	45	(1)
Health: A Personal Responsibility	45	(1)
Wellness	45	(1)
Holism	45	(1)
Hierarchy of Human Needs	46	(1)
Illness	46	(1)
Morbidity and Mortality	46	(1)
Acute, Chronic, and Terminal Illnesses	46	(1)
Primary and Secondary Illnesses	46	(1)
Remission and Exacerbation	47	(1)
Hereditary, Congenital, and Idiopathic Illnesses	47	(1)
Health Care System	47	(3)
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Care	47	(1)
Extended Care	48	(1)
Health Care Services	48	(1)
Access to Care	48	(1)
Financing Health Care	48	(2)
Outcomes of Structured Reimbursement	50	(1)
National Health Goals	50	(1)
Nursing Team	51	(1)
Functional Nursing	51	(1)
Case Method	52	(1)
Team Nursing	52	(1)
Primary Nursing	52	(1)
Nurse-Managed Care	52	(1)
Continuity of Health Care	52	(2)
Homeostasis, Adaptation, and Stress	54	(12)
Homeostasis	54	(3)
Holism	54	(1)
Adaptation	55	(2)
Stress	57	(4)
Physiologic Stress Response	58	(2)
Psychological Stress Responses	60	(1)
Stress-Related Disorders	60	(1)
Nursing Implications	61	(5)
Assessment of Stressors	61	(2)
Prevention of Stressors	63	(1)
Stress-Reduction Techniques	63	(1)
Stress-Management Techniques	63	(3)
Culture and Ethnicity	66	(15)
Culture	66	(1)
Race	67	(1)
Minority	67	(1)
Ethnicity	67	(1)
Stereotyping	67	(1)
Generalizing	67	(1)
Ethnocentrism	68	(1)
Anglo-American Culture and U.S. Subcultures	68	(1)
Transcultural Nursing	69	(8)
Cultural Assessment	69	(3)
Biologic and Physiologic Variations	72	(4)
Disease Prevalence	76	(1)
Health Beliefs and Practices	77	(1)
Culturally Sensitive Nursing	77	(4)
UNIT 3 Fostering Communication	81	(36)
The Nurse--Client Relationship	81	(9)
Nursing Roles Within the Nurse--Client Relationship	81	(2)
The Nurse as Caregiver	81	(1)
The Nurse as Educator	82	(1)
The Nurse as Collaborator	82	(1)
The Nurse as Delegator	82	(1)
The Theraplutic Nurse-Client Relationship	83	(1)
Underlying Principles	83	(1)
Phases of the Nurse--Client Relationship	83	(1)
Barriers to a Therapeutic Relationship	84	(1)
Communication	84	(6)
Verbal Communication	84	(3)
Nonverbal Communication	87	(3)
Client Teaching	90	(8)
Importance of Client Teaching	90	(1)
Assessing the Learner	91	(3)
Learning Styles	91	(1)
Age and Developmental Level	91	(2)
Capacity to Learn	93	(1)
Motivation	94	(1)
Learning Readiness	94	(1)
Learning Needs	94	(1)
Informal and Formal Teaching	94	(4)
Teaching Adult Clients	96	(2)
Recording and Reporting	98	(19)
Medical Records	98	(3)
Uses	98	(3)
Client Access to Records	101	(1)
Types of Client Records	101	(1)
Methods of Charting	101	(3)
Narrative Charting	101	(1)
SOAP Charting	101	(1)
Focus Charting	102	(1)
PIE Charting	103	(1)
Charting by Exception	103	(1)
Computerized Charting	103	(1)
Protecting Health Information	104	(2)
Privacy Standards	104	(1)
Workplace Applications	104	(2)
Data Security	106	(1)
Documenting Information	106	(2)
Using Abbreviations	106	(1)
Indicating Documentation Time	107	(1)
Communication for Continuity and Collaboration	108	(9)
Written Forms of Communication	108	(1)
Interpersonal Communication	109	(5)
Making Entries in a Client's Record	114	(3)
UNIT 4 Performing Assessment and Evaluation	117	(120)
Admission, Discharge, Transfer, and Referrals	117	(20)
The Admission Process	117	(7)
Medical Authorization	117	(1)
The Admitting Department	118	(1)
Nursing Admission Activities	118	(2)
Initial Nursing Plan For Care	120	(1)
Medical Admission Responsibilities	120	(1)
Common Responses to Admission	120	(4)
The Discharge Process	124	(1)
Obtaining Authorization for Medical Discharge	124	(1)
Providing Discharge Instructions	124	(1)
Notifying the Business Office	124	(1)
Discharging a Client	124	(1)
Writing a Discharge Summary	125	(1)
Terminal Cleaning	125	(1)
Client Transfer	125	(3)
Transfer Activities	125	(1)
Extended Care Facilities	126	(2)
Client Referral	128	(9)
Home Health Care	128	(4)
Admitting a Client	132	(3)
Discharging a Client	135	(2)
Vital Signs	137	(48)
Body Temperature	138	(9)
Temperature Measurement	138	(1)
Normal Body Temperature	138	(2)
Assessment Sites	140	(2)
Thermometers	142	(4)
Elevated Body Temperature	146	(1)
Subnormal Body Temperature	146	(1)
Pulse	147	(5)
Pulse Rate	147	(3)
Pulse Rhythm	150	(1)
Pulse Volume	150	(1)
Assessment Sites	150	(2)
Respiration	152	(1)
Respiratory Rate	152	(1)
Breathing Patterns and Abnormal Characteristics	152	(1)
Blood Pressure	153	(7)
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure	153	(1)
Pressure Measurements	154	(1)
Assessment Sites	154	(1)
Equipment For Measuring Blood Pressure	155	(2)
Measuring Blood Pressure	157	(1)
Alternative Assessment Techniques	158	(1)
Abnormal Blood Pressure Measurements	159	(1)
Documenting Vital Signs	160	(1)
Nursing Implications	160	(25)
Assessing Body Temperature	164	(8)
Assessing the Radial Pulse	172	(2)
Assessing the Respiratory Rate	174	(2)
Assessing Blood Pressure	176	(4)
Obtaining a Thigh Blood Pressure	180	(2)
Assessing for Postural Hypotension	182	(3)
Physical Assessment	185	(24)
Overview of Physical Assessment	185	(3)
Purposes	185	(1)
Techniques	186	(1)
Equipment	187	(1)
Environment	187	(1)
Performing a Physical Assessment	188	(2)
Gathering General Data	188	(1)
Draping and Positioning	189	(1)
Selecting an Approach for Data Collection	189	(1)
Examining the Client	189	(1)
Data Collection	190	(13)
Head and Neck	190	(4)
Chest and Spine	194	(5)
Extremities	199	(1)
Abdomen	200	(2)
Genitalia	202	(1)
Anus and Rectum	202	(1)
Nursing Implications	203	(6)
Performing a Physical Assessment	207	(2)
Special Examinations and Tests	209	(28)
Examinations and Tests	209	(14)
General Nursing Responsibilities	209	(5)
Common Diagnostic Examinations	214	(5)
Diagnostic Laboratory Tests	219	(4)
Nursing Implications	223	(14)
Assisting With a Pelvic Examination	226	(4)
Assisting With a Sigmoidoscopy	230	(3)
Using a Glucometer	233	(4)
UNIT 5 Assisting With Basic Needs	237	(200)
Nutrition	237	(23)
Overview of Nutrition	237	(7)
Human Nutritional Needs	238	(3)
Nutritional Standards	241	(3)
Nutritional Patterns and Practices	244	(1)
Influences on Eating Habits	244	(1)
Vegetarianism	245	(1)
Nutritional Status Assessment	245	(3)
Subjective Data	246	(1)
Objective Data	246	(2)
Management of Problems Interfering with Nutrition	248	(3)
Obesity	248	(1)
Emaciation	248	(1)
Anorexia	249	(1)
Nausea	249	(1)
Vomiting	250	(1)
Stomach Gas	250	(1)
Management of Client Nutrition	251	(9)
Common Hospital Diets	251	(1)
Meal Trays	251	(1)
Feeding Assistance	251	(5)
Serving and Removing Meal Trays	256	(1)
Feeding a Client	257	(3)
Fluid and Chemical Balance	260	(47)
Body Fluid	260	(3)
Water	260	(1)
Fluid Compartments	261	(1)
Electrolytes	261	(1)
Nonelectrolytes	261	(1)
Blood	261	(1)
Fluid and Electrolyte Distribution Mechanisms	262	(1)
Fluid Regulation	263	(1)
Fluid Volume Assessment	263	(3)
Fluid Intake	264	(2)
Fluid Output	266	(1)
Common Fluid Imbalances	266	(3)
Hypovolemia	267	(1)
Hypervolemia	267	(1)
Third-Spacing	268	(1)
Intravenous Fluid Administration	269	(9)
Types of Solutions	269	(2)
Preparation for Administration	271	(2)
Infusion Techniques	273	(1)
Venipuncture	274	(1)
Infusion Monitoring and Maintenance	274	(2)
Discontinuation of an Intravenous Infusion	276	(1)
Insertion of an Intermittent Venous Access Device	277	(1)
Blood Administration	278	(1)
Blood Collection and Storage	278	(1)
Blood Safety	278	(1)
Blood Compatibility	278	(1)
Blood Transfusion	279	(1)
Parenteral Nutrition	279	(2)
Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition	280	(1)
Total Parenteral Nutrition	280	(1)
Lipid Emulsions	281	(1)
Nursing Implications	281	(26)
Recording Intake and Output	286	(2)
Preparing Intravenous Solutions	288	(4)
Starting an Intravenous Infusion	292	(4)
Changing IV Solution Containers	296	(2)
Changing IV Tubing	298	(1)
Discontinuing an Intravenous Infusion	299	(2)
Inserting a Medication Lock	301	(3)
Administering a Blood Transfusion	304	(3)
Hygiene	307	(29)
The Integumentary System	307	(2)
Skin	308	(1)
Mucous Membranes	308	(1)
Hair	308	(1)
Nails	308	(1)
Teeth	309	(1)
Hygiene Practices	309	(8)
Bathing	309	(4)
Shaving	313	(1)
Oral Hygiene	313	(2)
Hair Care	315	(1)
Nail Care	316	(1)
Visual and Hearing Devices	317	(2)
Eyeglasses	317	(1)
Contact Lenses	317	(1)
Artificial Eyes	318	(1)
Hearing Aids	318	(1)
Infrared Listening Devices	319	(1)
Nursing Implications	319	(17)
Providing a Tub Bath or Shower	323	(2)
Administering Perineal Care	325	(4)
Giving a Bed Bath	329	(3)
Giving Oral Care to Unconscious Clients	332	(2)
Shampooing Hair	334	(2)
Comfort, Rest, and Sleep	336	(28)
The Client Environment	336	(3)
Client Rooms	337	(1)
Room Furnishing	337	(2)
Sleep and Rest	339	(5)
Functions of Sleep	339	(1)
Sleep Phases	340	(1)
Sleep Cycles	340	(1)
Sleep Requirements	340	(1)
Factors Affecting Sleep	341	(3)
Sleep Assessment	344	(1)
Questionnaires	344	(1)
Sleep Diary	344	(1)
Nocturnal Polysomnography	344	(1)
Multiple Sleep Latency Test	345	(1)
Sleep Disorders	345	(2)
Insomnia	345	(1)
Hypersomnias	345	(1)
Sleep--Wake Cycle Disturbances	346	(1)
Parasomnias	347	(1)
Nursing Implications	347	(17)
Progressive Relaxation	347	(1)
Back Massage	347	(5)
Making an Unoccupied Bed	352	(6)
Making an Occupied Bed	358	(3)
Giving a Back Massage	361	(3)
Safety	364	(19)
Age-Related Safety Factors	364	(1)
Infants and Toddlers	364	(1)
School-Aged Children and Adolescents	365	(1)
Adults	365	(1)
Environmental Hazards	365	(7)
Latex Sensitization	365	(2)
Burns	367	(1)
Asphyxiation	368	(1)
Drowning	369	(1)
Electrical Shock	370	(1)
Poisoning	371	(1)
Falls	372	(1)
Restraints	372	(3)
Legislation	373	(1)
Accreditation Standards	373	(1)
Restraint Alternatives	374	(1)
Use of Restraints	374	(1)
Nursing Implications	375	(8)
Using Physical Restraints	378	(5)
Pain Management	383	(23)
Pain	383	(3)
The Process of Pain	383	(2)
Pain Theories	385	(1)
Types of Pain	385	(1)
Pain Assessment Standards	386	(1)
Pain Assessment Data	387	(1)
Pain Intensity Assessment Tools	388	(1)
Pain Management	389	(6)
Treatment Biases	389	(1)
Pain Management Techniques	389	(1)
Drug Therapy	389	(3)
Surgical Approaches	392	(1)
Nondrug/Nonsurgical Interventions	392	(3)
Nursing Implications	395	(11)
Addiction	395	(1)
Placebos	396	(4)
Preparing a Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) Infuser	400	(3)
Operating a Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Unit	403	(3)
Oxygenation	406	(31)
Anatomy and Physiology of Breathing	406	(1)
Assessing Oxygenation	407	(3)
Physical Assessment	408	(1)
Arterial Blood Gases	408	(1)
Pulse Oximetry	408	(2)
Promoting Oxygenation	410	(3)
Positioning	410	(1)
Breathing Techniques	411	(2)
Oxygen Therapy	413	(9)
Oxygen Sources	413	(1)
Equipment Used in Oxygen Administration	414	(2)
Common Delivery Devices	416	(5)
Additional Delivery Devices	421	(1)
Oxygen Hazards	422	(1)
Related Oxygenation Techniques	422	(1)
Water-Seal Chest Tube Drainage	422	(1)
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy	423	(1)
Nursing Implications	423	(14)
Using a Pulse Oximeter	427	(2)
Administering Oxygen	429	(3)
Maintaining a Water-Seal Chest Tube Drainage System	432	(5)
UNIT 6 Preventing Infection	437	(42)
Asepsis	437	(27)
Microorganisms	437	(2)
Types of Microorganisms	437	(2)
Survival of Microorganisms	439	(1)
Chain Of Infection	439	(2)
Infectious Agents	439	(1)
Reservoir	440	(1)
Exit Route	440	(1)
Mode of Transmission	440	(1)
Port of Entry	440	(1)
Susceptible Host	441	(1)
Asepsis	441	(9)
Medical Asepsis	441	(6)
Surgical Asepsis	447	(3)
Nursing Implications	450	(14)
Handwashing	454	(3)
Creating a Sterile Field and Adding Sterile Items	457	(4)
Donning Sterile Gloves	461	(3)
Infection Control	464	(15)
Infection	464	(1)
Infection Control Precautions	465	(3)
Standard Precautions	465	(1)
Transmission-Based Precautions	466	(2)
Infection Control Measures	468	(4)
Client Environment	468	(1)
Personal Protective Equipment	469	(2)
Discarding Biodegradable Trash	471	(1)
Removing Reusable Items	471	(1)
Delivering Laboratory Specimens	471	(1)
Transporting Clients	471	(1)
Psychological Implications	472	(1)
Promoting Social Interaction	472	(1)
Combating Sensory Deprivation	472	(1)
Nursing Implications	472	(7)
Removing Personal Protective Equipment	477	(2)
UNIT 7 Assisting the Inactive Client	479	(88)
Body Mechanics, Positioning, and Moving	479	(27)
Maintaining Good Posture	479	(2)
Standing	479	(2)
Sitting	481	(1)
Lying Down	481	(1)
Body Mechanics	481	(1)
Ergonomics	482	(1)
Positioning Clients	482	(4)
Common Positions	483	(1)
Positioning Devices	484	(2)
Turning and Moving Clients	486	(1)
Protective Devices	486	(3)
Siderails	486	(1)
Mattress Overlays	486	(1)
Cradle	487	(1)
Specialty Beds	487	(2)
Transferring Clients	489	(1)
Transfer Devices	489	(1)
Client Transfer	490	(1)
Nursing Implications	490	(16)
Turning and Moving a Client	495	(6)
Transferring Clients	501	(5)
Therapeutic Exercise	506	(19)
Fitness Assessment	506	(3)
Body Composition	506	(1)
Vital Signs	506	(1)
Fitness Tests	507	(2)
Exercise Prescriptions	509	(1)
Target Heart Rate	509	(1)
Metabolic Energy Equivalent	509	(1)
Types of Exercise	509	(3)
Fitness Exercise	509	(1)
Therapeutic Exercise	510	(2)
Nursing Implications	512	(13)
Performing Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises	516	(7)
Using a Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Machine	523	(2)
Mechanical Immobilization	525	(20)
Purposes of Mechanical Immobilization	525	(1)
Mechanical Immobilizing Devices	525	(8)
Splints	526	(2)
Slings	528	(1)
Braces	528	(1)
Casts	529	(2)
Traction	531	(1)
External Fixators	532	(1)
Nursing Implications	533	(12)
Applying an Arm Sling	538	(3)
Assisting With a Cast Application	541	(2)
Providing Pin Site Care	543	(2)
Ambulatory Aids	545	(22)
Preparing for Ambulation	545	(2)
Isometric Exercises	545	(1)
Upper Arm Strengthening	546	(1)
Dangling	546	(1)
Using a Tilt Table	546	(1)
Assistive Devices	547	(1)
Ambulatory Aids	547	(4)
Canes	548	(1)
Walkers	548	(1)
Crutches	549	(1)
Crutch-Walking Gaits	549	(2)
Prosthetic Limbs	551	(1)
Temporary Prosthetic Limb	551	(1)
Permanent Prosthetic Components	551	(1)
Client Care	552	(1)
Ambulation With a Lower Limb Prosthesis	552	(1)
Nursing Implications	552	(15)
Measuring for Crutches, Canes, and Walkers	556	(4)
Assisting With Crutch-Walking	560	(3)
Applying a Leg Prosthesis	563	(4)
UNIT 8 The Surgical Client	567	(82)
Perioperative Care	567	(24)
Preoperative Period	567	(8)
Inpatient Surgery	568	(1)
Outpatient Surgery	568	(2)
Informed Consent	570	(1)
Preoperative Blood Donation	571	(1)
Immediate Preoperative Care	571	(4)
Intraoperative Period	575	(2)
Receiving Room	576	(1)
Operating Room	576	(1)
Anesthesia	576	(1)
Surgical Waiting Area	577	(1)
Postoperative Period	577	(3)
Immediate Postoperative Care	577	(1)
Continuing Postoperative Care	578	(2)
Nursing Implications	580	(11)
Applying Antiembolism Stockings	584	(2)
Performing Presurgical Skin Preparation	586	(2)
Applying a Pneumatic Compression Device	588	(3)
Wound Care	591	(26)
Wounds	591	(1)
Wound Repair	591	(2)
Inflammation	592	(1)
Proliferation	592	(1)
Remodeling	593	(1)
Wound Healing	593	(1)
Wound Management	594	(8)
Dressings	594	(1)
Drains	595	(1)
Sutures and Staples	595	(1)
Bandages and Binders	596	(2)
Debridement	598	(1)
Heat and Cold Applications	599	(3)
Pressure Ulcers	602	(1)
Stages of Pressure Ulcers	602	(1)
Prevention of Pressure Ulcers	603	(1)
Nursing Implications	603	(14)
Changing a Gauze Dressing	608	(4)
Irrigating a Wound	612	(2)
Providing a Sitz Bath	614	(3)
Gastrointestinal Intubation	617	(32)
Intubation	617	(1)
Types of Tubes	618	(2)
Orogastric Tubes	618	(1)
Nasogastric Tubes	618	(1)
Nasointestinal Tubes	618	(2)
Transabdominal Tubes	620	(1)
Nasogastric Tube Management	620	(4)
Insertion	620	(3)
Use and Maintenance	623	(1)
Removal	623	(1)
Nasointestinal Tube Management	624	(1)
Insertion	624	(1)
Checking Tube Placement	624	(1)
Transabdominal Tube Management	624	(1)
Tube Feedings	625	(4)
Benefits and Risks	625	(1)
Formula Considerations	625	(1)
Tube-Feeding Schedules	625	(3)
Client Assessment	628	(1)
Nursing Management	628	(1)
Intestinal Decompression	629	(2)
Tube Insertion	629	(2)
Removal	631	(1)
Nursing Implications	631	(18)
Inserting a Nasogastric Tube	635	(4)
Irrigating a Nasogastric Tube	639	(2)
Removing a Nasogastric Tube	641	(2)
Administering Tube Feedings	643	(6)
UNIT 9 Promoting Elimination	649	(56)
Urinary Elimination	649	(31)
Overview of Urinary Elimination	649	(1)
Characteristics of Urine	650	(2)
Urine Specimen Collection	650	(1)
Abnormal Urine Characteristics	651	(1)
Abnormal Urinary Elimination Patterns	652	(1)
Anuria	652	(1)
Oliguria	652	(1)
Polyuria	652	(1)
Nocturia	652	(1)
Dysuria	652	(1)
Incontinence	652	(1)
Assisting Clients with Urinary Elimination	652	(1)
Commode	652	(1)
Urinal	653	(1)
Using a Bedpan	653	(1)
Managing Incontinence	653	(1)
Catheterization	654	(5)
Types of Catheters	654	(2)
Inserting a Catheter	656	(1)
Connecting a Closed Drainage System	657	(1)
Providing Catheter Care	657	(1)
Catheter Irrigation	657	(2)
Indwelling Catheter Removal	659	(1)
Urinary Diversions	659	(1)
Nursing Implications	659	(21)
Placing and Removing a Bedpan	663	(2)
Applying a Condom Catheter	665	(2)
Inserting a Foley Catheter in a Female	667	(5)
Inserting a Foley Catheter in a Male	672	(5)
Irrigating a Foley Catheter	677	(3)
Bowel Elimination	680	(25)
Defecation	680	(1)
Assessment of Bowel Elimination	680	(2)
Elimination Patterns	681	(1)
Stool Characteristics	681	(1)
Common Alterations in Bowel Elimination	682	(2)
Constipation	682	(1)
Fecal Impaction	682	(1)
Flatulence	683	(1)
Diarrhea	683	(1)
Fecal Incontinence	683	(1)
Measures to Promote Bowel Elimination	684	(1)
Inserting a Rectal Suppository	684	(1)
Administering an Enema	684	(1)
Ostomy Care	685	(2)
Providing Peristomal Care	686	(1)
Applying an Ostomy Appliance	686	(1)
Draining a Continent Ileostomy	686	(1)
Irrigating a Colostomy	686	(1)
Nursing Implications	687	(18)
Inserting a Rectal Tube	691	(2)
Inserting a Rectal Suppository	693	(2)
Administering a Cleansing Enema	695	(3)
Changing an Ostomy Appliance	698	(3)
Irrigating a Colostomy	701	(4)
UNIT 10 Medication Administration	705	(66)
Oral Medications	705	(16)
Medication Orders	705	(2)
Components of a Medication Order	705	(2)
Verbal Orders	707	(1)
Documentation in the Medication Administration Record	707	(1)
Methods of Supplying Medications	707	(2)
Storing Medications	707	(1)
Accounting for Narcotics	707	(2)
Medication Administration	709	(2)
Applying the Five Rights	709	(1)
Calculating Dosages	709	(1)
Administering Oral Medications	709	(1)
Administering Oral Medications by Enteral Tube	710	(1)
Documentation	711	(1)
Medication Errors	711	(1)
Nursing Implications	711	(10)
Administering Oral Medications	715	(3)
Administering Medications Through an Enteral Tube	718	(3)
Topical and Inhalant Medications	721	(12)
Topical Route	721	(3)
Cutaneous Applications	721	(2)
Ophthalmic Applications	723	(1)
Otic Applications	723	(1)
Nasal Applications	724	(1)
Sublingual and Buccal Applications	724	(1)
Vaginal Applications	724	(1)
Rectal Applications	724	(1)
Inhalant Route	724	(2)
Nursing Implications	726	(7)
Instilling Eye Medications	729	(2)
Administering Nasal Medications	731	(2)
Parenteral Medications	733	(19)
Parenteral Administration Equipment	733	(1)
Syringes	733	(1)
Needles	733	(1)
Modified Safety Injection Equipment	734	(1)
Drug Preparation	734	(2)
Ampules	735	(1)
Vials	735	(1)
Prefilled Cartridges	735	(1)
Combining Medications in One Syringe	736	(1)
Injection Routes	736	(6)
Intradermal Injections	737	(1)
Subcutaneous Injections	737	(2)
Intramuscular Injections	739	(3)
Reducing Injection Discomfort	742	(1)
Nursing Implications	743	(9)
Administering Intradermal Injections	746	(2)
Administering Subcutaneous Injections	748	(2)
Administering Intramuscular Injections	750	(2)
Intravenous Medications	752	(19)
Intravenous Medication Administration	752	(3)
Continuous Administration	752	(1)
Intermittent Administration	753	(2)
Central Venous Catheters	755	(3)
Percutaneous Catheters	756	(1)
Tunneled Catheters	756	(1)
Implanted Catheters	756	(1)
Medication Administration Using a CVC	756	(2)
Nursing Implications	758	(13)
Administering Intravenous Medication by Continuous Infusion	761	(3)
Administering an Intermittent Secondary Infusion	764	(3)
Using a Volume-Control Set	767	(4)
UNIT 11 Intervening in Emergency Situations	771	(26)
Airway Management	771	(15)
The Airway	771	(1)
Natural Airway Management	772	(2)
Liquefying Secretions	772	(1)
Mobilizing Secretions	772	(2)
Suctioning Secretions	774	(1)
Artificial Airway Management	774	(2)
Oral Airway	774	(1)
Tracheostomy	775	(1)
Nursing Implications	776	(10)
Suctioning the Airway	779	(3)
Providing Tracheostomy Care	782	(4)
Resuscitation	786	(11)
Airway Obstruction	786	(2)
Identifying Signs of Airway Obstruction	786	(1)
Relieving an Obstruction	787	(1)
Chain of Survival	788	(4)
Early Recognition and Access of Emergency Services	788	(1)
Early Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation	788	(2)
Early Defibrillation	790	(2)
Early Advanced Life Support	792	(1)
Recovery	792	(1)
Discontinuing Resuscitation	793	(1)
Nursing Implications	793	(4)
UNIT 12 Caring for the Terminally Ill	797	(50)
Death and Dying	797	(50)
Terminal Illness and Care	797	(8)
Stages of Dying	797	(1)
Promoting Acceptance	798	(2)
Providing Terminal Care	800	(1)
Family Involvement	801	(1)
Approaching Death	802	(1)
Confirming Death	803	(2)
Performing Postmortem Care	805	(1)
Grieving	805	(1)
Pathologic Grief	805	(1)
Resolution of Grief	805	(1)
Nursing Implications	805	(6)
Performing Postmortem Care	808	(3)
Appendices
A Chapter Summaries	811	(14)
B Suggested Answers to Stop, Think, and Respond Boxes	825	(8)
C Answers and Rationales for NCLEX-Style Review Questions	833	(12)
D Commonly Used Abbreviations and Acronyms	845	(2)
Glossary of Key Terms	847	(16)
Index	863