Fundamental Physics

Quantum mechanics, formulated by Werner Heisenberg in 1925, belongs among the greatest achievements of physics. "Fundamental Physics: Heisenberg and Beyond" combines personal tributes to Werner Heisenberg with assessments of his impact on current and future developments in physics. The first part presents two essays commemorating Werner Heisenberg's 100th birthday, and these are complemented by a short and nicely illustrated biographical note in the appendix. In the second part, incisive articles by ten world-leading scientists explain important developments in fundamental physics to a broader community of interested scientists.

Part I Commemorative Meeting

Address from the Japan Academy

3

(2)

Saburo Nagakura

Heisenberg und die Verantwortung des Forschers

5

(10)

Reimar Lust

Einleitung

5

(1)

Staatsburger und Patriot

6

(2)

Wegbereiter der Wissenschaft in Deutschland

8

(3)

Forderer internationaler Zusammenarbeit in der Wissenschaft

11

(4)

English translation: Heisenberg and the Scientist's Responsibility

15

(10)

Werner Heisenberg (1901--1976)

25

(8)

Chen Ning Yang

Part II Scientific Symposium

Welcome Address

33

(2)

Julius Wess

Heisenberg's Uncertainty and Matter Wave Interferometry with Large Molecules

35

(18)

Markus Arndt

Anton Zeilinger

Quantum Physics at the Microscopic/Mesoscopic Interface

35

(1)

Heisenberg's Uncertainty Relation

36

(4)

Young's Double/Multi-slit Experiment with Buckyballs

40

(3)

Interchanging the Roles of Light and Matter

43

(2)

A Scalable Interferometer for Large Molecules

45

(4)

Perspectives

49

(4)

References

50

(3)

The Stability of Matter and Quantum Electrodynamics

53

(16)

Elliott H. Lieb

Foreword

53

(1)

Introduction

54

(3)

Nonrelativistic Matter Without the Magnetic Field

57

(3)

Relativistic Kinematics (No Magnetic Field)

60

(1)

Interaction of Matter with Classical Magnetic Fields

61

(3)

Relativity Plus Magnetic Fields

64

(5)

References

67

(2)

The Quantum Theory of Light and Matter -- Mathematical Results

69

(10)

Jurg Frohlich

Introduction

69

(3)

Ultraviolet Renormalization of the ``Standard Model''

72

(1)

Stability of Matter [4]

73

(1)

Atomic Spectra [5]

73

(1)

Scattering Theory [6]

74

(1)

Return to Equilibrium, Thermal Ionization

75

(4)

References

76

(3)

Four Big Questions with Pretty Good Answers

79

(20)

Frank Wilczek

What Is the Origin of Mass?

79

(7)

Why Is Gravity Feeble?

86

(2)

Are the Laws of Physics Unique?

88

(5)

What Happens if You Keep Squeezing?

93

(6)

References

97

(2)

Supersymmetry: the Next Spectroscopy

99

(36)

Michael E. Peskin

Introduction

99

(1)

Triumphs and Problems of the Standard Model

100

(4)

Supersymmetry

104

(2)

Supersymmetry as the Successor to the Standard Model

106

(8)

Beyond the Supersymmetric Standard Model

114

(2)

Interpretation of the SUSY-Breaking Parameters

116

(4)

Measuring the Superspectrum

120

(10)

Conclusions

130

(5)

References

131

(4)

Neutrino Masses as a Probe of Grand Unification

135

(22)

Guido Altarelli

Introduction

135

(1)

Neutrino Masses and Lepton Number Violation

136

(1)

Four-Neutrino Models

137

(2)

Three-Neutrino Models

139

(5)

Simple Examples with Horizontal Abelian Charges

144

(5)

From Minimal to Realistic SUSY SU(5)

149

(2)

SU(5) Unification in Extra Dimensions

151

(1)

SO(10) Models

152

(1)

Conclusion

153

(4)

References

154

(3)

M Theory: Uncertainty and Unification

157

(10)

Joseph Polchinski

Introduction

157

(1)

A Fundamental Length

158

(1)

Uncertainty

159

(3)

Nonlinearity

162

(2)

Observables

164

(1)

On to Heligoland

165

(2)

References

166

(1)

The Highest Energy Particles in Nature: What We Know and What the Future Holds

167

(16)

Alan A. Watson

Introduction

167

(1)

Measurement of UHECR

168

(1)

The Energy Spectrum, Arrival Direction Distribution and Mass of UHECRs

169

(5)

Theoretical Interpretations

174

(2)

Detectors of the Future

176

(3)

Conclusions

179

(4)

References

180

(3)

Part III Appendix

Biographical Notes on Werner Heisenberg

183

(6)

Helmut Rechenberg

List of Contributors

189

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