Fundamentals for the Assessment of Risks from Environmental Radiation

by Baumstark-Khan, Christa; Kozubek, Stanislav; Horneck, Gerda

• ISBN13: 9780792356677
• ISBN10: 0792356675
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-06-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Human health, aquatic, and terrestrial ecosystems are all under threat from increasing levels of environmental radiation from a variety of sources, many of them anthropogenic. This book surveys the current state of our knowledge of the fundamental processes that result from the interaction of environmental (both ionizing and UV) with living matter. Current concepts of risk estimation and radiation protection are also considered. The book covers the consequences of radioactive pollution from accidents to nuclear power plant, especially in large areas of the former Soviet Union; the global problem of an increase in the incidence of UVB radiation at the earth's surface due to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer; the increase of natural radiation levels in areas of former uranium mining; and the increased levels of natural radiation experienced in air travel and space flight.

Table of Contents

Risk Assessment
Assessment of Risks from Environmental Radiation. UV and Skin Cancer	1	(6)
R.M. Tyrrell
Assessing Risk at Low Doses. Problems of Confounders and Statistical Power	7	(8)
R. E. Shore
Radiation Risks at Low Radiation Doses. Lessons of Chernobyl, 1986-1996	15	(10)
V. K. Ivanov
A Model of Two Reactions as Dose-Stochastic Radio-Logical Effect Relationship and Estimation of Radiation Risks	25	(10)
M. M. Komochkov
Epidemiological Studies for the Assessment of Risks from Environmental Radiation on Tundra Nentsi Population	35	(8)
L. P. Osipova
O. L. Posukh
K. P. Koutzenogii
F. V. Sukhorukov
V. G. Matveeva
A. S. Grafodatskii
N. A. Konovalova
Y. G. Sukhovey
S. A. Petrov
G. Lefranc
M.-P. Lefranc
Epidemiology. A Bridge Between Radiobiology and Health Risk Assessment	43	(10)
J. R. Goldsmith
M. R. Quastel
German Uranium Miners. Facts and Perspectives	53	(6)
H. Rink
Cytogenetic Risks in Gold-Ore Miners in Slovakia	59	(6)
M. Beno
Radon Levels in New and Old Buildings	65	(4)
F. S. Erees
G. Yener
Measuring Equipment for Photobiologically Effective Radiation	69	(6)
T. Q. Khanh
Individual Extent of Solar UV Exposure in Every Day Life	75	(6)
P. Knuschke
A. Krins
M. Meurer
Risk Assessment. Recommendations for Research Needed	81	(10)
R.E. Shore
L.P. Osipova
W. Atwell
F.S. Erees
R.J.M. Fry
V.K. Ivanov
T.Q. Khanh
P. Knuschke
M.M. Komochkov
M.R. Quastel
L. Tomasek
R.M. Tyrrell
L.O. Bjorn
F.R. De Gruijl
R. Greinert
G. Obe
P. Rettberg
DNA Injuries, Damage Induction and Removal
Radiation Chemistry of DNA. Damage Induced by Ionizing and UV Radiations	91	(12)
J. Cadet
M. Bardet
T. Delatour
T. Douki
D. Gasparutto
D. Molko
J.-P. Pouget
J.-L. Ravanat
N. Signorini
S. Sauvaigo
DNA Repair. Basic Functions for Cellular Survival and Recovery	103	(12)
C. Baumstark-Khan
DNA Damage and Mutations Induced by Solar UV Radiation. Solar UV Mutagenesis	115	(12)
E. Sage
The Application of Comet and Micronucleus Assay for the Assessment of Individual Radiation Risk	127	(8)
W.-U. Muller
T. Bauch
C.Streffer
Environmental Radiation Does not Enhance the Tolerance of Yeast Cells to Acute Radiation Exposure	135	(6)
D. Frankenberg
K. Helmstadter
J. Bohm
W. Peßara
M. Frankenberg-Schwager
Biological UV Dosimetry of Environmental Radiation Based on DNA Damage	141	(8)
A. Berces
S. Gaspar
G. Ronto
Repair of UV-B-Induced Damage in Human Keratinocytes	149	(6)
R. Greinert
O. Boguhn
B. Volkmer
D. Harder
E.W. Breitbart
Repair-Induced DNA Strand Breaks in UV-Irradiated Mammalian Cells	155	(6)
Y. Nikandrova
C. Baumstark-Khan
G. Horneck
A Biosensor for Environmental Genotoxins, Chemical Mutagens and Radiation Factors, Based on the SOS Response Function of Escherichia Coli Cells	161	(6)
L. R. Ptitsyn
The Nature of the SOS-Inducing Lesion Caused by UV Light in E. Coli Cells Deficient in UMU C Gene Product	167	(6)
O. V. Komova
E. S. Candiano
E. A. Krasavin
M. N. Bonev
G. Horneck
DNA Injuries, Damage Induction and Removal. Recommendations for Research Needed	173	(6)
B. D. Michael
G. Ronto
C. Baumstark-Khan
J. Cadet
M. Frankenberg-Schwager
O. V. Komova
W.-U. Muller
M. R. Quastel
E. Sage
Chromosome Damage
Biological Dosimetry of Absorbed Radiation Dose Based on the Frequencies of Chromosomal Aberrations in Human Lymphocytes	179	(8)
A.T. Natarajan
G. Obe
Chromosome Damages in Cosmonauts' Blood Lymphocytes as a Measure of Radiation Effect. Problems of Modeling and Calibration	187	(8)
B. S. Fedorenko
V. M. Petrov
S.V. Druzhinin
Aberrations Induced in Chromosome 1, 2 and Y of Human Lymphocytes by Three Types of Radiation of Different Let Value as Detected by Fish	195	(8)
E. Lukasova
S. Kozubek
R. Govorun
M. Repin
L. Ryznar
E. Krasavin
M. Kozubek
V. Kroha
Chromosomal Aberrations as a Biomarker of Cosmic Radiation	203	(6)
L. V. Nevzgodina
Biophysical Models for the Formation of Radiation-Induced Chromosome Aberrations Based Upon the Experimental Observations Made Under PCC and Mitotic Conditions	209	(10)
R. Greinert
O. Boguhn
E. Detzler
C. Thieke
D. Harder
Advanced Precision Light Microscopy for the Analysis of 3D-Nanostructures of Chromatin Breakpoint Regions. Towards a Structure-Function Relationship of the BCR-ABL Region	219	(12)
M. Hausmann
A. Esa
P. Edelmann
L. Trakhtenbrot
H. Bornfleth
B. Schneider
J. Bradl
I. Ben-Bassat
G.Rechavi
C. Cremer
Chromatin Structure and Its Cell Cycle Kinetics in Intact and Irradiated Cell Nuclei. Structural Aspects of Radiation Induced Leukemia	231	(12)
S. Kozubek
E.Lukasova
L. Ryznar
M. Kozubek
A. Liskova
V. Kroha E.
Advances in Computer Analysis of Radiation-Induced Changes in Human Genome	243	(6)
M. Kozubek
S. Kozubek
E. Lukasova
L. Ryznar
A. Liskova
J. Amrichova
G. Horneck
Chromosomal Damages and Mutagenesis in Mammalian and Human Cells Induced by Ionizing Radiation with Different Let	249	(10)
R. D. Govorun
Radiation-Induced Mutation at Mammalian Minisatellite Loci	259	(6)
Y.E. Dubrova
J. Brown
V.N. Nesterov
N.G. Krouchinsky
V.A. Ostapenko
M. Plumb
P. Bois
A.J. Jeffreys
Chromosome Damage. Recommendations for Research Needed	265	(4)
G. Obe
B.S. Fedorenko
M. Beno
C. Cremer
Y.E. Dubrova
R.D. Govorun
R. Greinert
D. Harder
M. Kozubek
W.-U. Muller
A.T. Natarajan
Cellular Responses
Radiation Induced Mutations	269	(12)
J. Kiefer
Genomic Alterations in Radiogenic Cell Transformation	281	(8)
T.C. Yang
M. Durante
K.A. George
S. Yamad
Inducible Responses and Protective Functions of Mammalian Cells Upon Exposure to UV Light and Ionizing Radiation	289	(12)
B. Kaina
S. Haas
S. Grosch
T. Grombacher
J. Dosch
T. Biswas
I. Boldogh
S. Mitra
G. Fritz
Differences in the Induction of Apoptosis after Treatment with γ-Irradiation and C2-Ceramide	301	(4)
E. Bartova
A. Spanova
Pentoxifylline Inhibits the Irradiation Induced G2/M Block Alters DNA Synthesis in P53 Mutant and Repair Deficient Cells	305	(6)
L. Bohm
T. Theron
A. Binder
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Expression in Mammalian Cells After UV-Irradiation	311	(6)
M. Palm
C. Baumstark-Khan
Horneck
The Importance of Spontaneous and Radiation Induced Apoptosis for Stem Cells in the Gastrointestinal Tract	317	(10)
C. S. Potten
Distinct Pattern of Induction of Genes Related to Cell Survival and Apoptosis After Low Dose Radiation	327	(12)
S.Z. Liu
Y. Mu
F. Xie
Cellular Responses. Recommendations for Future Research Needed	339	(6)
H. Rink
T.C. Yang
L. Bohm
R. Govorun
D. Hader
G. Horneck
B. Kaina
S. Kozubek
S. Z. Liu
C. Potten
L. Ptitsyn
Tissue and Organism Responses
UV Carcinogenesis: from Experiment to Risk Assessment. from Hairless Mice to Humans	345	(14)
F.R. De Gruijl
Free Radicals and Dermal Damage in Photoaging and Photocarcinogenesis	359	(8)
K. Scharffetter-Kochanek
P. Brenneisen
J. Wenk
R. Blaudschun
M. Schauen
M.Wlaschek
The DLR-Biofilm as Personal UV Dosimeter	367	(4)
P. Rettberg
R. Sief
G. Horneck
Human Health Consequences in Southeastern of Belorussia Upto 11 Years After the Chernobyl Accident. Situation in the District of Krasnopolje	371	(8)
J. Fuller
M. W. Trojanow
S. Schweitzer
Radiation Induced Cancer in Animals	379	(10)
J.J. Broerse
Metabolic and Hormonal Changes in Irradiated Animals	389	(6)
I. Ahlers
Abscopal Effects on the Selected Immunological Parameters in Rat After Irradiation of the Head	395	(6)
E. Paulikova
A. Kocikova
D. Vajanyiova
The Effect of Single Whole-Body Irradiation on Pineal Functions	401	(6)
M. Kassayova
E. Ahlersova
I. Ahlers
The Changes of Pineal Function in Fractionally Irradiated Rats	407	(4)
E. Ahlersova
B. Pastorova
M. Kassayova
I. Ahlers
B. Smajda
Pharmacological Radiation Protection	411	(10)
M. Pospisil
Clinically Available Drugs as Potential Curative Means for Treatment of Radiation-Induced Myelosuppression	421	(6)
M. Hofer
M. Pospisil
Effect of Noradrenaline on Radioprotective effect of Calcium Channel Blockers	427	(6)
J. Vavrova
P. Petyrek
The Radioprotective Effects of WR-2721 in Mice Exposed to Sublethal or Lethal Fractionated Dosis of Gammaradiation	433	(4)
P. Petyrek
J. Ostereicher
J. Vavrova
Tissue and Organism Responses. Recommendations for Research Needed	437	(2)
M. Wlaschek
I. Ahlers
E. Ahlersova
Y.E. Dubrova
J.Fuller
P. Knuschke
E. Paulokova
P. Petyrek
J.Vavrova
Radiation Protection Concepts.
Skin Cancer Protection Concepts. Worldwide Experiences with Their Realization in Special Considerations of the German Concepts	439	(12)
E.W. Breitbart
M.Breitbart
Biological UV Dosimetry as Tool for Assessing the Risks from an Increased Environmental UV-B Radiation	451	(6)
G. Horneck
P. Rettberg
R. Facius
Effects of Solar UV Radiation on Aquatic Ecosystems	457	(6)
D.-P. Hader
Effects of Ozone Depletion and Increased Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Terrestrial Plants	463	(8)
L.O. Bjorn
Biological Effects of Low Doses of Radiation. A Review of Cancer Mortality Data in High Natural Background Radiation Areas in Asia and Relevant Experimental Data	471	(8)
H. Tanooka
Risks from Radon Inhalation	479	(10)
L.Tomasek
Radiation Exposure in Civil Airflight	489	(8)
G. Reitz
Microdosimetry of Environmental Radiation Fields	497	(6)
F. Spurny
J.-F. Bottollier-Depois
Space Radiation. Effects and Risks	503	(10)
R.J.M. Fry
Space Radiation Assessment of Radiosensitive Body Organs in the International Space Station	513	(6)
W. Atwell
Radiation Protection Concepts. Recommendations for Research Needed	519	(12)
D. Harder
V. Klener
W. Atwell
M. Beno
E.W. Breitbart
C. Cremer
R.J.M. Fry
R. Greinert
D.-P. Hader
P. Knuschke
G. Obe
G. Reitz
P. Rettberg
F. Spurny
H. Tanooka
L. Tomasek
B. Volkmer
Appendix
Author Index	527	(4)
Subject Index	531