Fundamentals of Electric Circuits with CD-ROM

by Alexander, Charles K.; Sadiku, Matthew N. O.

• ISBN13: 9780072493504
• ISBN10: 007249350X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-31
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math

Summary

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits, 2e is intended for use in the introductory circuit analysis or circuit theory course taught in electrical engineering departments. The main objective of this book is to present circuit analysis in a clear, easy-to-understand manner, with many practical applications to interest the student. Each chapter opens with either historical sketches or career information on a sub-discipline of electrical engineering. This is followed by an introduction that includes chapter objectives. Each chapter closes with a summary of the key points and formulas. The authors present principles in an appealing and lucid step-by-step manner, carefully explaining each step. Important formulas are highlighted to help students sort out what is essential and what is not. Many pedagogical aids reinforce the concepts learned in the text so that students get comfortable with the various methods of analysis presented in the text.

Table of Contents

Preface	x
Acknowledgments	xii
Guided Tour	xiv
A Note to the Student	xvi
About the Authors	xvii
PART 1 DC Circuits	1	(366)
Basic Concepts	3	(24)
Introduction	4	(1)
Systems of Units	4	(2)
Charge and Current	6	(3)
Voltage	9	(1)
Power and Energy	10	(3)
Circuit Elements	13	(2)
Applications	15	(3)
TV Picture Tube
Electricity Bills
Problem Solving	18	(3)
Summary	21	(6)
Review Questions	22	(1)
Problems	23	(2)
Comprehensive Problems	25	(2)
Basic Laws	27	(50)
Introduction	28	(1)
Ohm's Law	28	(5)
Nodes, Branches, and Loops	33	(2)
Kirchhoff's Laws	35	(7)
Series Resistors and Voltage Division	42	(1)
Parallel Resistors and Current Division	43	(8)
Wye-Delta Transformations	51	(4)
Applications	55	(6)
Lighting Systems
Design of DC Meters
Summary	61	(16)
Review Questions	62	(2)
Problems	64	(10)
Comprehensive Problems	74	(3)
Methods of Analysis	77	(48)
Introduction	78	(1)
Nodal Analysis	78	(7)
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources	85	(5)
Mesh Analysis	90	(5)
Mesh Analysis with Current Sources	95	(3)
Nodal and Mesh Analyses by Inspection	98	(4)
Nodal Versus Mesh Analysis	102	(1)
Circuit Analysis with PSpice	103	(3)
Applications: DC Transistor Circuits	106	(4)
Summary	110	(15)
Review Questions	111	(1)
Problems	112	(12)
Comprehensive Problem	124	(1)
Circuit Theorems	125	(48)
Introduction	126	(1)
Linearity Property	126	(2)
Superposition	128	(5)
Source Transformation	133	(4)
Thevenin's Theorem	137	(6)
Norton's Theorem	143	(3)
Derivations of Thevenin's and Norton's Theorems	146	(2)
Maximum Power Transfer	148	(2)
Verifying Circuit Theorems with PSpice	150	(3)
Applications	153	(6)
Source Modeling
Resistance Measurement
Summary	159	(14)
Review Questions	159	(1)
Problems	160	(10)
Comprehensive Problems	170	(3)
Operational Amplifiers	173	(38)
Introduction	174	(1)
Operational Amplifiers	174	(4)
Ideal Op Amp	178	(1)
Inverting Amplifier	179	(3)
Noninverting Amplifier	182	(2)
Summing Amplifier	184	(1)
Difference Amplifier	185	(4)
Cascaded Op Amp Circuits	189	(2)
Op Amp Circuit Analysis with PSpice	191	(2)
Applications	193	(3)
Digital-to-Analog Converter
Instrumentation Amplifiers
Summary	196	(15)
Review Questions	198	(1)
Problems	199	(11)
Comprehensive Problems	210	(1)
Capacitors and Inductors	211	(38)
Introduction	212	(1)
Capacitors	212	(6)
Series and Parallel Capacitors	218	(4)
Inductors	222	(4)
Series and Parallel Inductors	226	(4)
Applications	230	(6)
Integrator
Differentiator
Analog Computer
Summary	236	(13)
Review Questions	237	(1)
Problems	238	(9)
Comprehensive Problems	247	(2)
First-Order Circuits	249	(60)
Introduction	250	(1)
The Source-Free RC Circuit	250	(5)
The Source-Free RL Circuit	255	(6)
Singularity Functions	261	(8)
Step Response of an RC Circuit	269	(7)
Step Response of an RL Circuit	276	(4)
First-Order Op Amp Circuits	280	(5)
Transient Analysis with PSpice	285	(3)
Applications	288	(6)
Delay Circuits
Photoflash Unit
Relay Circuits
Automobile Ignition Circuit
Summary	294	(15)
Review Questions	296	(1)
Problems	297	(10)
Comprehensive Problems	307	(2)
Second-Order Circuits	309	(58)
Introduction	310	(1)
Finding Initial and Final Values	310	(5)
The Source-Free Series RLC Circuit	315	(7)
The Source-Free Parallel RLC Circuit	322	(6)
Step Response of a Series RLC Circuit	328	(5)
Step Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit	333	(3)
General Second-Order Circuits	336	(5)
Second-Order Op Amp Circuits	341	(3)
PSpice Analysis of RLC Circuits	344	(2)
Duality	346	(4)
Applications	350	(4)
Automobile Ignition System
Smoothing Circuits
Summary	354	(13)
Review Questions	354	(1)
Problems	355	(9)
Comprehensive Problems	364	(3)
PART 2 AC Circuits	367	(306)
Sinusoids and Phasors	369	(44)
Introduction	370	(1)
Sinusoids	371	(4)
Phasors	375	(8)
Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements	383	(2)
Impedance and Admittance	385	(3)
Kirchhoff's Laws in the Frequency Domain	388	(1)
Impedance Combinations	389	(6)
Applications	395	(5)
Phase-Shifters
AC Bridges
Summary	400	(13)
Review Questions	401	(1)
Problems	402	(8)
Comprehensive Problems	410	(3)
Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis	413	(44)
Introduction	414	(1)
Nodal Analysis	414	(3)
Mesh Analysis	417	(4)
Superposition Theorem	421	(4)
Source Transformation	425	(1)
Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits	426	(5)
Op amp AC Circuits	431	(3)
AC Analysis Using PSpice	434	(3)
Applications	437	(4)
Capacitance Multiplier
Oscillators
Summary	441	(16)
Review Questions	442	(1)
Problems	443	(14)
AC Power Analysis	457	(46)
Introduction	458	(1)
Instantaneous and Average Power	458	(6)
Maximum Average Power Transfer	464	(4)
Effective or RMS Value	468	(3)
Apparent Power and Power Factor	471	(2)
Complex Power	473	(5)
Conservation of AC Power	478	(3)
Power Factor Correction	481	(3)
Applications	484	(4)
Power Measurement
Electricity Consumption Cost
Summary	488	(15)
Review Questions	489	(1)
Problems	490	(10)
Comprehensive Problems	500	(3)
Three-Phase Circuits	503	(52)
Introduction	504	(1)
Balanced Three-Phase Voltages	505	(3)
Balanced Wye-Wye Connection	508	(4)
Balanced Wye-Delta Connection	512	(2)
Balanced Delta-Delta Connection	514	(2)
Balanced Delta-Wye Connection	516	(4)
Power in a Balanced System	520	(6)
Unbalanced Three-Phase Systems	526	(4)
PSpice for Three-Phase Circuits	530	(4)
Applications	534	(9)
Three-Phase Power Measurement
Residential Wiring
Summary	543	(12)
Review Questions	543	(1)
Problems	544	(9)
Comprehensive Problems	553	(2)
Magnetically Coupled Circuits	555	(58)
Introduction	556	(1)
Mutual Inductance	556	(7)
Energy in a Coupled Circuit	563	(4)
Linear Transformers	567	(6)
Ideal Transformers	573	(7)
Ideal Autotransformers	580	(4)
Three-Phase Transformers	584	(3)
PSpice Analysis of Magnetically Coupled Circuits	587	(4)
Applications	591	(6)
Transformer as an Isolation Device
Transformer as a Matching Device
Power Distribution
Summary	597	(16)
Review Questions	598	(1)
Problems	599	(13)
Comprehensive Problems	612	(1)
Frequency Response	613	(60)
Introduction	614	(1)
Transfer Function	614	(4)
The Decibel Scale	618	(1)
Bode Plots	619	(11)
Series Resonance	630	(5)
Parallel Resonance	635	(3)
Passive Filters	638	(5)
Lowpass Filter
Highpass Filter
Bandpass Filter
Bandstop Filter
Active Filters	643	(6)
First-Order Lowpass Filter
First-Order Highpass Filter
Bandpass Filter
Bandreject (or Notch) Filter
Scaling	649	(3)
Magnitude Scaling
Frequency Scaling
Magnitude and Frequency Scaling
Frequency Response Using PSpice	652	(4)
Applications	656	(5)
Radio Receiver
Touch-Tone Telephone
Crossover Network
Summary	661	(12)
Review Questions	663	(1)
Problems	663	(9)
Comprehensive Problems	672	(1)
PART 3 Advanced Circuit Analysis	673
Introduction to Laplace Transforms	675	(40)
Introduction	676	(1)
Definition of the Laplace Transform	676	(3)
Properties of the Laplace Transform	679	(10)
The Inverse Laplace Transform	689	(8)
Simple Poles
Repeated Poles
Complex Poles
The Convolution Integral	697	(9)
Application to Integrodifferential Equations	706	(2)
Summary	708	(7)
Review Questions	709	(1)
Problems	709	(6)
Applications of Laplace Transforms	715	(42)
Introduction	716	(1)
Circuit Element Models	716	(6)
Circuit Analysis	722	(4)
Transfer Functions	726	(5)
State Variables	731	(7)
Applications	738	(7)
Network Stability
Network Synthesis
Computation Using MATLAB	745	(2)
Summary	747	(10)
Review Questions	748	(1)
Problems	749	(7)
Comprehensive Problems	756	(1)
The Fourier Series	757	(56)
Introduction	758	(1)
Trigonometric Fourier Series	758	(9)
Symmetry Considerations	767	(10)
Even Symmetry
Odd Symmetry
Half-Wave Symmetry
Circuit Applications	777	(3)
Average Power and RMS Values	780	(4)
Exponential Fourier Series	784	(6)
Fourier Analysis with PSpice	790	(6)
Discrete Fourier Transform
Fast Fourier Transform
Applications	796	(3)
Spectrum Analyzers
Filters
Summary	799	(14)
Review Questions	801	(1)
Problems	801	(10)
Comprehensive Problems	811	(2)
Fourier Transform	813	(40)
Introduction	814	(1)
Definition of the Fourier Transform	814	(6)
Properties of the Fourier Transform	820	(13)
Circuit Applications	833	(2)
Parseval's Theorem	835	(3)
Comparing the Fourier and Laplace Transforms	838	(1)
Applications	839	(4)
Amplitude Modulation
Sampling
Summary	843	(10)
Review Questions	844	(1)
Problems	844	(7)
Comprehensive Problems	851	(2)
Two-Port Networks	853
Introduction	854	(1)
Impedance Parameters	854	(5)
Admittance Parameters	859	(3)
Hybrid Parameters	862	(5)
Transmission Parameters	867	(4)
Relationships Between Parameters	871	(4)
Interconnection of Networks	875	(6)
Computing Two-Port Parameters Using PSpice	881	(3)
Applications	884	(7)
Transistor Circuits
Ladder Network Synthesis
Summary	891
Review Questions	892	(1)
Problems	893	(11)
Comprehensive Problems	904
Appendix A Simultaneous Equations and Matrix Inversion	1	(10)
Appendix B Complex Numbers	11	(8)
Appendix C Mathematical Formulas	19	(6)
Appendix D PSpice for Windows	25	(28)
Appendix E MATLAB	53	(20)
Appendix F Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems	73
Selected Bibliography	1	(1)
Index	1