Fundamentals of Intelligent Transportation Systems Planning

by Chowdhury, Mashrur A.; Sadek, Adel W.

• ISBN13: 9781580531603
• ISBN10: 1580531601
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-04-01
• Publisher: Artech House on Demand

Summary

This one-of-a-kind reference offers you a comprehensive and easy-to-follow introduction to the fundamentals of ITS planning and operations. The book puts special focus on traffic flow issues and principles, and addresses recent security concerns in transportation systems, thus allowing you a greater degree of confidence in the success of your projects before actual implementation.

Author Biography

Adel Sadek is an assistant professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Vermont.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xvii
1 Introduction	1	(6)
1.1 What Is ITS?	1	(1)
1.2 ITS Today and Tomorrow	2	(1)
1.3 ITS Training and Education Needs	2	(2)
1.4 Scope of the Book	4	(1)
1.5 Organization of the Book	5	(1)
Review Questions	6	(1)
Reference	6	(1)
2 Fundamentals of Traffic Flow and Control	7	(28)
2.1 Traffic Flow Elements	7	(4)
2.1.1 Flow-Density Relationships	8	(1)
2.1.2 Fundamental Diagram of Traffic Flow	9	(2)
2.2 Traffic Flow Models	11	(3)
2.2.1 Greenshields Model	11	(2)
2.2.2 Alternative Traffic Flow Models	13	(1)
2.3 Shock Waves in Traffic Streams	14	(4)
2.3.1 Shock Wave Velocity	15	(1)
2.3.2 Shock Wave Analysis Example	16	(2)
2.4 Traffic Signalization and Control Principles	18	(6)
2.4.1 Traffic Signalization Principles	18	(3)
2.4.2 Actuated Signal Control	21	(1)
2.4.3 Signal Coordination	22	(2)
2.5 Ramp Metering	24	(6)
2.5.1 Types of Ramp Control	25	(1)
2.5.2 Ramp Metering Operational Concept	25	(5)
2.6 Traffic Simulation	30	(2)
2.6.1 Traffic Simulation Models	30	(1)
2.6.2 Examples of Traffic Simulation Models	31	(1)
2.6.3 Basic Guidelines for Applying Simulation Models	32	(1)
2.7 Conclusions	32	(1)
Review Questions	32	(2)
References	34	(1)
3 ITS User Services	35	(20)
3.1 ITS User Services	35	(1)
3.2 ITS User Services Bundles	36	(1)
3.3 Travel and Traffic Management	36	(6)
3.3.1 Pretrip Travel Information	38	(1)
3.3.2 En Route Driver Information	38	(1)
3.3.3 Route Guidance	39	(1)
3.3.4 Ride Matching and Reservation	39	(1)
3.3.5 Traveler Services Information	39	(1)
3.3.6 Traffic Control	40	(1)
3.3.7 Incident Management	40	(1)
3.3.8 Travel Demand Management	40	(1)
3.3.9 Emissions Testing and Mitigation	41	(1)
3.3.10 Highway-Rail Intersection	41	(1)
3.4 Public Transportation Operations	42	(2)
3.4.1 Public Transportation Management	42	(1)
3.4.2 En Route Transit Information	43	(1)
3.4.3 Personalized Public Transit	43	(1)
3.4.4 Public Travel Security	44	(1)
3.5 Electronic Payment	44	(1)
3.6 Commercial Vehicles Operations	45	(2)
3.6.1 Commercial Vehicle Electronic Clearance	45	(1)
3.6.2 Automated Roadside Safety Inspection	45	(1)
3.6.3 Onboard Safety Monitoring	45	(1)
3.6.4 Commercial Vehicle Administrative Processes	46	(1)
3.6.5 Hazardous Materials Incident Response	47	(1)
3.6.6 Freight Mobility	47	(1)
3.7 Emergency Management	47	(1)
3.7.1 Emergency Notification and Personal Security	47	(1)
3.7.2 Emergency Vehicle Management	48	(1)
3.8 Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety Systems	48	(4)
3.8.1 Longitudinal Collision Avoidance	48	(1)
3.8.2 Lateral Collision Avoidance	49	(1)
3.8.3 Intersection Collision Avoidance	50	(1)
3.8.4 Vision Enhancement for Collision Avoidance	51	(1)
3.8.5 Safety Readiness	51	(1)
3.8.6 Precrash Restraint Deployment	51	(1)
3.8.7 Automated Highway System	52	(1)
3.9 Information Management	52	(1)
3.10 Maintenance and Construction Management	52	(1)
3.11 Conclusions	53	(1)
Review Questions	53	(1)
Reference	54	(1)
4 ITS Applications and Their Benefits	55	(38)
4.1 Freeway and Incident Management Systems	56	(19)
4.1.1 FIMS Objectives	56	(1)
4.1.2 FIMS Functions	57	(2)
4.1.3 Traffic Surveillance and Incident Detection	59	(7)
4.1.4 Ramp Control	66	(1)
4.1.5 Incident Management	67	(4)
4.1.6 Information Dissemination	71	(3)
4.1.7 Real-World Freeway and Incident Management Systems and Their Benefits	74	(1)
4.2 Advanced Arterial Traffic Control Systems	75	(5)
4.2.1 Historical Development of Computer Traffic Control Systems	75	(1)
4.2.2 Adaptive Traffic Control Algorithms	76	(2)
4.2.3 Real-World Adaptive Traffic Control Systems and Their Benefits	78	(2)
4.3 Advanced Public Transportation Systems	80	(6)
4.3.1 AVL Systems	80	(2)
4.3.2 Transit Operations Software	82	(1)
4.3.3 Transit Information Systems	83	(3)
4.3.4 Electronic Fare Payment Systems	86	(1)
4.4 Multimodal Traveler Information Systems	86	(3)
4.5 Conclusions	89	(1)
Review Questions	89	(1)
References	90	(3)
5 ITS Architecture	93	(20)
5.1 Regional and Project ITS Architecture	93	(1)
5.2 Why Do We Need an ITS Architecture?	94	(1)
5.3 Concept of Operations	95	(3)
5.4 National ITS Architecture	98	(10)
5.4.1 User Services and User Service Requirements	98	(3)
5.4.2 Logical Architecture	101	(3)
5.4.3 Physical Architecture	104	(3)
5.4.4 Equipment Packages	107	(1)
5.4.5 Market Packages	107	(1)
5.5 Proposed Procedure for Developing a Regional ITS Architecture	108	(1)
5.6 Architecture Development Tool	109	(1)
5.7 Conclusions	109	(2)
Review Questions	111	(1)
References	111	(2)
6 ITS Planning	113	(22)
6.1 Transportation Planning and ITS	113	(4)
6.2 Planning and the National ITS Architecture	117	(2)
6.3 Planning for ITS	119	(5)
6.3.1 Market Package-Based ITS Planning Process	121	(1)
6.3.2 Traceability-Based ITS Planning Process	121	(3)
6.4 Case Study: Northern Virginia ITS Planning Exercise Using the Traceability-Based Approach	124	(1)
6.5 Integrating ITS into Transportation Planning	125	(7)
6.6 Conclusions	132	(1)
Review Questions	132	(1)
References	133	(2)
7 ITS Standards	135	(18)
7.1 Introduction	135	(1)
7.2 Standard Development Process	136	(1)
7.3 National ITS Architecture and Standards	137	(1)
7.4 ITS Standards Application Areas	138	(9)
7.4.1 Center-to-Roadside Interface Class	138	(3)
7.4.2 Center-to-Center (C2C) Applications	141	(3)
7.4.3 Center-to- Vehicle/Traveler	144	(1)
7.4.4 Roadside-to-Vehicle	145	(1)
7.4.5 Roadside-to-Roadside	146	(1)
7.5 NTCIP	147	(3)
7.6 Standards Testing	150	(1)
7.7 Conclusions	150	(1)
Review Questions	151	(1)
References	151	(2)
8 ITS Evaluation	153	(18)
8.1 Introduction	153	(1)
8.2 Project Selection at the Planning Level	154	(1)
8.2.1 Benefit-Cost Analysis	154	(1)
8.2.2 Relative Rating and Ranking	155	(1)
8.3 Deployment Tracking	155	(5)
8.4 Impact Assessment	160	(2)
8.5 Benefits by ITS Components	162	(1)
8.6 Benefit Estimation Categories	162	(1)
8.7 Evaluation Guidelines	163	(2)
8.8 Evaluation Support Tools	165	(2)
8.8.1 ITS Deployment Analysis System	165	(1)
8.8.2 Traffic Simulation Models	166	(1)
8.9 Challenges for ITS Evaluation	167	(1)
8.10 Conclusions	168	(1)
Review Questions	169	(1)
References	169	(2)
9 ITS Challenges and Opportunities	171	(10)
9.1 Mainstreaming ITS	171	(2)
9.2 System Upgrade	173	(1)
9.3 System Integration	174	(1)
9.4 Training Needs	174	(1)
9.5 Funding	175	(1)
9.6 Privacy	175	(1)
9.7 Rulemaking and Compliance	176	(1)
9.8 Resource Sharing	176	(1)
9.9 ITS and National Security	177	(1)
9.10 Conclusions	178	(1)
Review Questions	179	(1)
References	179	(2)
About the Authors	181	(2)
Index	183