Fundamentals of Nursing Human Health and Function

by Craven, Ruth F.; Hirnle, Constance J.

• ISBN13: 9780781762182
• ISBN10: 0781762189
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780781735810, 9780781758185, 9780781780230
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-02-03
• Publisher: LWW
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

This comprehensive text introduces the broad range of the discipline of nursing, including theory, the nursing process, and step-by-step procedures. The Fifth Edition maintains its emphasis on both wellness/health and human function as frameworks for nursing practice. The text emphasizes critical thinking by regularly incorporating features that apply to client situations, research-based discussions, clinical scenarios, and ethical-legal considerations. This edition includes new material on Evidence-Based Research and a chapter on Working with Challenging Patients.

Table of Contents

Section I Conceptual Foundations of Nursing	1	(2)
Unit 1 The Delivery of Nursing	3	(33)
The Changing Face of Healthcare	3	(15)
An Open Letter to Nursing Students	5	(1)
Issues and Trends in Current Nursing	6	(9)
Influence of Today's Healthcare Settings	6	(2)
Rising Consumerism	8	(1)
Technologic Advances	9	(1)
Access to Healthcare and Financial Resources	10	(2)
Today's Nurse	12	(3)
Conclusion	15	(3)
Community-Based Nursing and Continuity of Care	18	(18)
Levels of Healthcare	19	(7)
Community-Based Healthcare Trends and the Determinants of Health	20	(1)
Community-Based Healthcare	21	(1)
Community-Based Nursing	21	(5)
Community-Based Healthcare Issues	26	(10)
Fragmentation of Service	26	(1)
Quality of Care	27	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Healthcare Services	27	(1)
Self-Care	27	(1)
Continuity of Care and Entrance and Exit Within the System	27	(9)
Unit 2 Concepts Essential for Professional Nursing	36	(106)
The Profession of Nursing	36	(17)
Highlights of the Historical Evolution of Professional Nursing	38	(5)
Ancient History	38	(1)
Contributions of the Greeks	38	(1)
Early Christian Era	38	(3)
The Middle Ages	41	(1)
The Renaissance	41	(1)
The Reformation	41	(1)
Nursing in the 18th Century	41	(1)
Nursing in the 19th Century	41	(1)
Nursing in the 20th Century	42	(1)
Nursing in the 21st Century	43	(1)
Socialization to Professional Nursing	43	(4)
Nursing and Professionalism Defined	43	(1)
Educational Preparation and Career Opportunities	44	(3)
Nursing Responsibilities	47	(1)
Caregiver	47	(1)
Decision Maker	48	(1)
Client Advocate	48	(1)
Manager and Coordinator	48	(1)
Communicator	48	(1)
Educator	48	(1)
Career Development and Expanded Nursing Roles	48	(1)
Nurse Practitioner	48	(1)
Clinical Nurse Specialist	49	(1)
Nurse Midwife	49	(1)
Nurse Anesthetist	49	(1)
Nurse Researcher	49	(1)
Nurse Administrator	49	(1)
Nurse Educator	49	(1)
Professional Nursing Practice	49	(2)
Standards of Practice	49	(1)
Nurse Practice Acts	49	(1)
Nursing Organizations	50	(1)
Current and Future Trends in Nursing Practice	51	(2)
Nursing Theory and Conceptual Frameworks	53	(15)
Nursing Theory	54	(1)
Development of Nursing Theory	55	(1)
Four Major Concepts	55	(1)
Non-Nursing Theories Used in Nursing	55	(9)
General Systems Theory	55	(1)
Human Needs Theory: Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs	56	(6)
Change Theory	62	(2)
Functional Health Patterns as a Framework for Nursing	64	(4)
Health Perception and Health Management	64	(1)
Activity and Exercise	65	(1)
Nutrition and Metabolism	65	(1)
Elimination	65	(1)
Sleep and Rest	65	(1)
Cognition and Perception	65	(1)
Other Patterns	65	(3)
Values	68	(19)
Value and Belief Patterns	69	(4)
Professional Values in Nursing	70	(3)
Sources of Values	73	(4)
Cultural Influences	73	(1)
Socializing Influences	73	(3)
Lifespan Considerations	76	(1)
Effect of Values on Functional Health	77	(3)
Health Perception and Health Management	77	(1)
Activity and Exercise	77	(1)
Nutrition and Metabolism	77	(1)
Elimination	77	(1)
Sleep and Rest	77	(2)
Cognition and Perception	79	(1)
Self-Perception and Self-Concept	79	(1)
Roles and Relationships	79	(1)
Coping and Stress Management	79	(1)
Sexuality and Reproduction	79	(1)
Values and Beliefs	80	(1)
Manifestations of Nurses' Values	80	(1)
Value Conflicts	80	(7)
Client and Family Conflicts	80	(1)
Client and Healthcare Conflicts	81	(1)
Resolving Value Conflicts in the Healthcare System	81	(1)
Nursing, Family Caregiving, and Home Care	82	(1)
Nursings' Values Challenged by Managed Care	82	(5)
Ethical and Legal Concerns	87	(24)
Ethics in Nursing	89	(10)
Theoretical Frameworks in Ethics	89	(2)
Principles of Healthcare Ethics	91	(3)
Ethical Rules of Professional--Client Relationships	94	(1)
Model for Case Analysis	95	(3)
Resolving Ethical Dilemmas	98	(1)
The Law and Nursing	99	(12)
Sources of Laws	99	(1)
Licensure	99	(1)
Standards of Care	100	(1)
Torts and Crimes	100	(4)
Legally Sensitive Areas of Nursing Practice	104	(2)
Protecting Yourself Legally	106	(5)
Nurse Leader and Manager	111	(12)
Leadership	112	(2)
Styles of Leadership	113	(1)
Management	114	(2)
Resource Management	114	(1)
Skills for Effective Management	115	(1)
Applying Leadership and Management to Nursing Roles	116	(7)
Clinical Practice Roles	117	(3)
Nursing Management Roles	120	(3)
Nursing Research: Evidence-Based Care	123	(19)
Research and Nursing	125	(4)
Scientific Process and Nursing Research	127	(1)
Historical Appreciation of Nursing Research	127	(1)
Characteristics of Nursing Research	128	(1)
Methods of Nursing Research	129	(1)
The Research Process	129	(4)
Problem Area Identification	129	(2)
Formulation of a Problem Statement	131	(1)
Proposed Research Questions or Hypotheses	132	(1)
Data Management: Research Design	132	(1)
Analysis of Results	132	(1)
Dissemination of Results	132	(1)
Ethical and Legal Issues	133	(2)
Institutional Review Boards	133	(1)
Subject Rights	134	(1)
Research and the Professional Nurse	135	(7)
Levels of Nursing Participation	135	(1)
Clinical Nursing Practice	135	(7)
Unit 3 The Nursing Process: Framework for Clinical Nursing Therapeutics	142	(116)
Nursing Process: Foundation for Practice	142	(14)
Historical Development of the Nursing Process	143	(1)
Components of the Nursing Process	144	(3)
Definition	144	(1)
Phases	145	(2)
Interactive Nature of Each Phase	147	(1)
Theoretical Foundations for Use of the Nursing Process	147	(2)
Systems Theory	147	(1)
Problem-Solving Process	148	(1)
Decision-Making Process	148	(1)
Information-Processing Theory	148	(1)
Diagnostic Reasoning Process	149	(1)
Skill Requirements	149	(1)
Sound Knowledge Base	149	(1)
Ability to Listen	150	(1)
Ability to Communicate in Writing	150	(1)
Computer Literacy	150	(1)
Nursing Practice and the Nursing Process	150	(6)
Professional Relevance	150	(1)
Functional Health Approach	150	(1)
Nursing Process Trends	150	(6)
Nursing Assessment	156	(14)
Preparing for Assessment	157	(2)
Types of Assessment	157	(2)
Setting and Environment	159	(1)
Assessment Skills	159	(4)
Observation	159	(1)
Interviewing	160	(2)
Physical Examination Techniques	162	(1)
Intuition	162	(1)
Assessment Activities	163	(7)
Collect Data	163	(2)
Validate Data	165	(2)
Organize Data	167	(3)
Nursing Diagnosis	170	(22)
Historical Development	171	(1)
Nursing Diagnosis Taxonomy	172	(10)
Definition	172	(1)
Nursing Diagnosis Taxonomy Development	173	(2)
Nursing Diagnosis Extension and Classification Project	175	(5)
Nursing Diagnoses and Other Healthcare Problems	180	(2)
Components of a Nursing Diagnosis	182	(1)
Diagnostic Label	182	(1)
Descriptors	182	(1)
Definition	182	(1)
Defining Characteristics	182	(1)
Risk Factors	183	(1)
Related Factors	183	(1)
Diagnosis Activities	183	(3)
Identify Pattern	183	(1)
Validate Diagnosis	184	(1)
Formulate the Diagnostic Statement	185	(1)
Nursing Practice and Nursing Diagnoses	186	(6)
Significance of Nursing Diagnosis	186	(2)
Functional Approach to Nursing Diagnosis	188	(4)
Outcome Identification and Planning	192	(15)
Outcome Identification	193	(1)
Nursing-Sensitive Client Outcomes	193	(1)
Nursing Outcomes Classification	193	(1)
Outcome Identification Activities	194	(1)
Establish Priorities	194	(1)
Establish Client Outcomes and Outcome Criteria	195	(1)
Planning	195	(12)
Nursing Intervention Classification	196	(1)
Planning Activities	196	(8)
Functional Approach to Planning	204	(3)
Implementation and Evaluation	207	(13)
Implementation	208	(4)
Implementation Skills	208	(1)
Implementation Activities	209	(1)
Types of Nursing Interventions	210	(2)
Functional Approach to Implementation	212	(1)
Evaluation	212	(4)
Evaluation Skills	213	(1)
Types of Evaluation	214	(1)
Evaluation Activities	214	(2)
Functional Approach to Evaluation	216	(1)
Quality Improvement Programs	216	(4)
American Nurses Association	217	(1)
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations	217	(1)
Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation	217	(1)
Peer Review	217	(3)
Critical Thinking	220	(15)
Importance of Critical Thinking in Nursing	221	(1)
Conceptual Development of Critical Thinking	221	(1)
Factors Affecting Critical Thinking in the Academic Setting	222	(3)
Anxiety	222	(1)
Attitude	222	(1)
Level of Preparation	223	(1)
Learning Styles	224	(1)
Intellectual Development	224	(1)
Strategies to Improve Classroom Success	225	(1)
Knowledge, Critical Thinking, Reflection, and Clinical Reasoning	225	(7)
How To Develop Critical Thinking Skills	226	(1)
How To Use Diagnostic Reasoning	227	(1)
How to Develop Nursing Judgment	228	(2)
How to Practice Reflection	230	(2)
How to Develop Expertise	232	(1)
Applying Critical Thinking to Learning Activities	232	(3)
Communication of the Nursing Process: Documenting and Reporting	235	(23)
Written Communication: The Client Record	236	(17)
Purpose	237	(1)
Principles of Data Entry and Management	238	(4)
Computers in Documentation	242	(3)
Nursing Entries on the Client Record	245	(8)
Oral Communication: Reporting	253	(2)
Nurse to Nurse	253	(1)
Report to Primary Care Provider	254	(1)
Interdisciplinary Team	255	(1)
Ethical Concerns in Documentation and Reporting	255	(3)
Confidentiality	255	(1)
Access to Records	256	(2)
Unit 4 Concepts Essential for Human Functioning and Nursing Management	258	(176)
Health and Wellness	258	(11)
Health and Wellness	259	(1)
Health Models	259	(3)
Clinical Model	259	(1)
Host--Agent--Environment Model	260	(1)
Health Belief Model	260	(1)
High-Level Wellness Model	260	(1)
Holistic Health Model	261	(1)
Wellness Healthcare	262	(2)
Self-Responsibility	262	(1)
Informed Choices	262	(1)
Self-Worth	262	(1)
Meaning of Disease, Illness, and Dysfunction	262	(1)
Effect of Stress	263	(1)
Nursing in Wellness	264	(5)
Illness Prevention	264	(1)
Health Promotion	264	(1)
Nursing as a Therapeutic Partnership	264	(1)
Rogerian or Therapeutic Model of Interaction	264	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses for Wellness	265	(1)
Lifestyle Modification	265	(4)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine	269	(15)
Holistic Healthcare and Nursing	270	(1)
Cam Therapies and Integrative Healthcare	271	(13)
Consumer Use of CAM	271	(1)
Evolution of Integrative Medicine	272	(1)
Nursing Relationship to CAM Continuum	272	(1)
Common CAM Modalities	273	(8)
Legal Issues and CAM	281	(3)
Lifespan Development	284	(28)
Genetics and Environment	285	(1)
Change	286	(1)
Reorganization and Integration	286	(1)
Concepts of Development	286	(2)
Principles of Growth and Development	286	(1)
Growth and Development Theories	286	(2)
Growth and Development Through the Lifespan	288	(10)
Intrauterine Development	289	(2)
Newborn (Birth to 1 Month)	291	(1)
Infant (1 Month to 1 Year)	292	(1)
Toddler (1 to 3 Years)	293	(1)
Preschooler (3 to 6 Years)	294	(1)
School-Age Child (6 to 11 Years)	294	(1)
Adolescent (11 to 22 Years)	295	(1)
Young Adult (22 to 40 Years)	296	(1)
Middle Adult (40 to 60 Years)	296	(1)
Older Adult (60 Years and Older)	297	(1)
Functional Health and Anticipatory Guidance Across the Lifespan	298	(14)
Health Perception and Health Management	298	(2)
Activity and Exercise	300	(1)
Nutrition and Metabolism	301	(1)
Elimination	302	(1)
Sleep and Rest	303	(1)
Cognition and Perception	304	(1)
Self-Perception and Self-Concept	305	(1)
Roles and Relationships	305	(1)
Coping and Stress Tolerance	306	(1)
Sexuality and Reproduction	307	(2)
Values and Beliefs	309	(3)
The Older Adult	312	(17)
Demographics	313	(2)
Cognition and Communication, Mood, and Self-Care	315	(3)
Cognition and Communication	315	(1)
Mood	316	(1)
Self-Care	317	(1)
Mobility, Elimination, and Skin Integrity	318	(2)
Mobility	318	(1)
Elimination	319	(1)
Skin Integrity	320	(1)
Nutrition and Health Maintenance	320	(2)
Chronic Illness, Infections, and Immunity	322	(1)
Chronic Illness	322	(1)
Infections and Immunity	322	(1)
Sleep and Rest	322	(1)
Pain Management	322	(1)
Loss and Grief, Loneliness, Coping and Stress	323	(1)
Loss and Grief	323	(1)
Loneliness	323	(1)
Coping and Stress	324	(1)
Sexuality, Roles and Relationships, and Self-Perception	324	(1)
Sexuality	324	(1)
Roles and Relationships	325	(1)
Self-Perception	325	(1)
Values, Beliefs, and Spirituality	325	(4)
Individual, Family, and Community	329	(17)
Individual	330	(1)
Individual Responsibility for Healthy Function	330	(1)
Family	331	(3)
Family Conceptual Frameworks	331	(2)
Family Assessment	333	(1)
Family Responsibility for Healthy Function	334	(1)
Community	334	(5)
Definition of Community	335	(2)
Types of Communities	337	(1)
Community Assessment	337	(1)
Community Responsibility for Healthy Function	337	(1)
Advanced Community Concepts	338	(1)
Functional Approach to Individual, Family, and Community	339	(7)
Health Perception and Health Maintenance	339	(1)
Nutrition and Metabolism	339	(1)
Elimination	339	(1)
Activity and Exercise	339	(1)
Sleep and Rest	339	(1)
Cognition and Perception	339	(1)
Self-Perception and Self-Concept	339	(1)
Roles and Relationships	339	(1)
Sexuality and Reproduction	340	(1)
Coping and Stress Tolerance	340	(1)
Values and Beliefs	341	(5)
Culture and Ethnicity	346	(18)
What is Culture?	347	(7)
Characteristics of Culture	349	(3)
Concepts Related to Culture	352	(2)
Concepts of Culture in Nursing Care	354	(10)
Culturally Competent Nursing	355	(1)
Biocultural Variation	356	(1)
Nursing Assessments Based on the Client's Perspective	357	(1)
Language Differences Between the Client and the Nurse	358	(2)
Increased Effectiveness of Client Education	360	(4)
Communication: The Nurse-Client Relationship	364	(21)
The Communication Process	366	(3)
Types of Communication	366	(1)
Elements of the Communication Process	367	(1)
Importance of Language and Experience	367	(2)
The Nurse--Client Relationship: A Helping Relationship	369	(2)
Phases	369	(1)
Contract Setting	369	(1)
Advocacy	370	(1)
Circle of Confidentiality	371	(1)
Ingredients of Therapeutic Communication	371	(2)
Empathy	371	(1)
Positive Regard	372	(1)
Comfortable Sense of Self	372	(1)
Professional Self-Care Safety Nets	373	(1)
Communication and Nursing Process	373	(12)
Assessment	373	(2)
Implementation	375	(10)
Caring for the Difficult Client	385	(12)
The Current Healthcare Climate and Nurse-Client Relationships	387	(1)
Professional Identity, Confidence, and the Nurse's Authority	387	(1)
Skills, Methods, and Approaches in the Care of Difficult Clients	387	(2)
Self-Awareness	387	(1)
Therapeutic Communication	388	(1)
Multidisciplinary Collaboration	388	(1)
Setting Limits	388	(1)
Assessing and Managing Difficult Clients	389	(8)
The Angry Client	389	(1)
The Delirious Client	390	(1)
The Manipulative Client	391	(1)
The Sexually Provocative Client	391	(2)
The Depressed or Suicidal Client	393	(1)
The Drug-Seeking Client	394	(1)
Families	394	(3)
Client Education	397	(24)
Teaching--Learning Process	399	(3)
Approaches to Learning	399	(1)
Learning as Development	400	(1)
Domains of Learning	400	(1)
Qualities of a Teaching--Learning Relationship	401	(1)
Purposes of Client Education	402	(2)
Wellness Promotion	402	(1)
Disease Prevention	402	(1)
Restoration of Health or Function	403	(1)
Promotion of Coping	403	(1)
Assessment for Learning	404	(2)
Assessing Learning Needs	404	(1)
Assessing Learning Readiness	404	(2)
Nursing Diagnoses	406	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Health Seeking Behaviors	406	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Deficient Knowledge	407	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	407	(5)
Outcome Identification	407	(1)
Planning Teaching Strategies	407	(2)
Teaching Aids and Resources	409	(2)
Use of Interpreters and Translators	411	(1)
Timing and Amount of Information	412	(1)
Appropriate Family and Friend Involvement	412	(1)
Written Teaching Plan	412	(1)
Implementation of Client Teaching	412	(2)
Meeting Priority Needs First	412	(1)
Comfortable Environment	413	(1)
Individualized Teaching Sessions	413	(1)
Communication	413	(1)
Repetition	413	(1)
Teaching Methods	413	(1)
Evaluation of Learning	414	(1)
Written Tests	414	(1)
Oral Tests	414	(1)
Return Demonstration	415	(1)
Check-off Lists	415	(1)
Simulation	415	(1)
Documentation of Learning	415	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	415	(6)
Newborn and Infant	415	(1)
Toddler and Preschooler	416	(1)
School-Age Child and Adolescent	416	(1)
Adult and Older Adult	416	(5)
Care Management	421	(13)
Home Healthcare	422	(10)
Trends Affecting Home Healthcare	422	(1)
Tele-Home Health	423	(1)
Home as Healthcare Setting	423	(1)
Home Care Versus Acute Care	423	(1)
Role of Family and Community: A Systems View	424	(1)
Factors Affecting Home Healthcare Management	424	(2)
The Nurse and Home Healthcare	426	(6)
Hospice	432	(2)
Unit 5 Essential Assessment Components	434	(80)
Health Assessment of Human Function	434	(49)
Purpose of the Health Assessment	436	(1)
Frameworks for Health Assessment	436	(2)
Functional Health Framework	436	(1)
Head-to-Toe Framework	437	(1)
Body Systems Framework	437	(1)
Conducting a Health Assessment	438	(1)
Reviewing General Information	438	(1)
Considering Culture	438	(1)
Preparing the Client and Environment	438	(1)
Obtaining Subjective Data: The Interview	439	(9)
Reason for Seeking Healthcare	440	(1)
Health History	440	(1)
Pain Assessment	440	(1)
Assessment of Health Perception and Health Management	440	(1)
Assessment of Activity and Exercise	441	(1)
Assessment of Nutrition and Metabolism	442	(1)
Assessment of Elimination	443	(1)
Assessment of Sleep and Rest	443	(1)
Assessment of Cognition and Perception	443	(3)
Assessment of Self-Perception and Self-Concept	446	(1)
Assessment of Roles and Relationships	446	(1)
Assessment of Coping and Stress Tolerance	447	(1)
Assessment of Sexuality and Reproduction	447	(1)
Assessment of Values and Beliefs	448	(1)
Obtaining Objective Data: The Physical Examination	448	(3)
Positioning and Draping	448	(1)
Inspection	449	(1)
Palpation	449	(1)
Percussion	449	(2)
Auscultation	451	(1)
Head-to-Toe Physical Assessment of Function	451	(27)
Assessment of Head, Face, and Neck	451	(9)
Assessment of Skin, Hair, and Nails	460	(1)
Cardiac Assessment	461	(2)
Respiratory Assessment	463	(6)
Assessment of Breasts	469	(1)
Abdominal Assessment	470	(5)
Assessment of Extremities	475	(3)
Concluding the Assessment	478	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	478	(5)
Newborn and Infant	478	(1)
Toddler and Preschooler	478	(1)
School-Age Child and Adolescent	479	(1)
Adult and Older Adult	480	(3)
Vital Sign Assessment	483	(31)
Body Temperature	484	(5)
Regulation of Body Temperature	485	(1)
Factors Affecting Body Temperature	486	(1)
Factors Affecting Body Temperature Measurement	486	(1)
Assessing Body Temperature	486	(3)
Pulse	489	(9)
Characteristics	490	(1)
Factors Affecting Pulse Rate	490	(1)
Assessing the Pulse	490	(8)
Respirations	498	(2)
Factors Affecting Respirations	498	(1)
Assessing Respirations	499	(1)
Methods	500	(1)
Blood Pressure	500	(9)
Physiologic Factors Determining Blood Pressure	500	(1)
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure	500	(2)
Assessing Blood Pressure	502	(5)
Methods	507	(2)
Abnormalities	509	(1)
Documenting Vital Signs	509	(2)
Lifespan Considerations	511	(3)
Newborn and Infant	511	(1)
Toddler and Preschooler	512	(1)
School-Age Child and Adolescent	512	(1)
Adult and Older Adult	512	(2)
Unit 6 Selected Clinical Nursing Therapeutics	514	(155)
Asepsis and Infection Control	514	(32)
Role of Microorganisms in Infection	516	(4)
Agents Causing Infection	516	(1)
Chain of Infection	517	(1)
Nosocomial Infections	518	(2)
Infection Control	520	(3)
Regulatory Agencies	520	(1)
Employee Health	520	(3)
Waste Disposal	523	(1)
Aseptic Practices	523	(14)
Hand Hygiene	524	(1)
Cleaning, Disinfection, and Sterilization	525	(3)
Use of Barriers	528	(2)
Isolation Systems	530	(2)
Surgical Asepsis	532	(5)
Lifespan Considerations	537	(9)
Newborn and Infant	537	(2)
Toddler and Preschooler	539	(1)
School-Age Child and Adolescent	539	(2)
Adult and Older Adult	541	(5)
Medication Administration	546	(58)
Drugs and Medications	548	(7)
Medication Standards	548	(1)
Types and Forms of Drugs	548	(1)
Sources of Information About Medications	548	(1)
Systems of Medication Distribution	549	(3)
Nonprescription and Prescription Medications	552	(1)
Medication Order	552	(3)
Legal Aspects of Medication Administration	555	(3)
Food and Drug Administration	555	(1)
Controlled Substances	555	(1)
Nurse Practice Acts	556	(1)
Institutional Medication Policies	557	(1)
Client's Rights	557	(1)
Substance Abuse	557	(1)
Principles of Drug Action	558	(1)
Pharmacokinetics	558	(1)
Pharmacodynamics	558	(1)
Medication Assessment	559	(4)
Information Collected During Initial Assessment	559	(1)
Assessment Before Medication Administration	560	(1)
Assessment of Knowledge and Compliance	561	(2)
Safe Medication Administration	563	(37)
Interpretation of the Order	563	(1)
Calculating Adult Medication Dosages	563	(1)
Calculating Children's Medication Dosages	563	(1)
Administering Medications According to the `Five Rights'	564	(1)
Explanation of the Purpose of the Medication to the Client	565	(1)
Documentation of Medication Administration	565	(1)
Medication Errors	566	(1)
Medication Administration in the Home	566	(1)
Oral Medications	567	(3)
Topical Medications	570	(2)
Inhaled Medications	572	(1)
Parenteral Medications	573	(20)
Healthcare Planning and Home or Community-Based Care	593	(7)
Evaluation	600	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	600	(4)
Newborn and Infant	600	(1)
Toddler and Preschooler	600	(1)
School-Age Child and Adolescent	601	(1)
Adult and Older Adult	601	(3)
Intravenous Therapy	604	(36)
Intravenous Therapy	606	(10)
Types of Intravenous Solutions	606	(1)
Equipment for Intravenous Infusion	607	(4)
Intravenous Flow Rates	611	(3)
Factors Affecting Flow Rate	614	(2)
Role of the Nurse in Intravenous Therapy	616	(12)
Initiating Intravenous Therapy	616	(1)
Maintaining Intravenous Infusions	617	(2)
Assessing for Complications	619	(8)
Discontinuing an Intravenous Infusion	627	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	627	(1)
Parenteral Nutrition	628	(4)
Total Parenteral Nutrition	629	(3)
Blood Transfusion	632	(5)
Blood Components	632	(1)
Factor Concentrates	633	(1)
Blood Compatibility	633	(1)
Selection of Blood Donors	634	(1)
Transfusion Technique	634	(1)
Complications of Blood Transfusion	634	(3)
Community-Based Nursing	637	(3)
Client Teaching	637	(1)
Monitoring	637	(3)
Perioperative Nursing	640	(29)
Surgical Intervention	641	(7)
Phases of Perioperative Nursing	641	(1)
Classification of Surgery	641	(1)
Surgical Facilities	642	(1)
Effects of Surgery on Health and Function	643	(4)
Lifespan Considerations	647	(1)
Preoperative Nursing	648	(7)
Nursing Assessment	648	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses and Outcome Identification	649	(1)
Nursing Interventions	649	(4)
Evaluation	653	(2)
Intraoperative Nursing	655	(6)
Nursing Assessment	655	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses and Outcome Identification	655	(1)
Nursing Interventions	656	(5)
Evaluation	661	(1)
Postoperative Nursing	661	(8)
Nursing Assessment	661	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses and Outcome Identification	662	(1)
Nursing Interventions in the Recovery Facility	662	(3)
Nursing Interventions on the Surgical Unit	665	(1)
Community-Based Nursing	666	(1)
Evaluation	666	(3)
Section II Human Function and Clinical Nursing Therapeutics	669	(1)
Unit 7 Health Perception and Health Management	670	(56)
Safety	670	(32)
Normal Safety	671	(5)
Knowledge of Safety Regulations and Guidelines in Healthcare	672	(1)
Characteristics of Safety	672	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	673	(3)
Factors Affecting Safety	676	(3)
Physiologic Factors	676	(1)
Environmental Factors	676	(3)
Disregard for Safety	679	(1)
Altered Safety	679	(4)
Manifestations of Altered Safety	679	(3)
Disease	682	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	683	(1)
Assessment	683	(3)
Subjective Data	683	(2)
Objective Data	685	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	686	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Risk for Injury	686	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	686	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	686	(1)
Implementation	686	(11)
Health Promotion	686	(9)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Safety	695	(1)
Healthcare Planning and Home/Community-Based Nursing	696	(1)
Evaluation	697	(5)
Goal	697	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	698	(1)
Goal	698	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	698	(1)
Goal	699	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	699	(1)
Goal	699	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	699	(3)
Health Maintenance	702	(24)
Normal Health Maintenance	704	(4)
Characteristics of Normal Health Maintenance	704	(1)
Normal Health-Maintenance Patterns	705	(2)
Lifespan Considerations	707	(1)
Factors Affecting Health Maintenance	708	(2)
Cognition and Perception	708	(1)
Age and Developmental Level	709	(1)
Previous Experiences	709	(1)
Lifestyle and Habits	709	(1)
Environment	710	(1)
Economic Resources	710	(1)
Culture, Values, and Beliefs	710	(1)
Roles and Relationships	710	(1)
Coping and Stress Tolerance	710	(1)
Altered Health Maintenance	710	(2)
Manifestations of Altered Function	710	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	711	(1)
Assessment	712	(2)
Subjective Data	712	(2)
Objective Data	714	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	714	(3)
Diagnostic Statement---Ineffective Health Maintenance	716	(1)
Diagnostic Statement---Health-Seeking Behaviors	716	(1)
Diagnostic Statement---Therapeutic Regimen Management: Effective and Ineffective---Focus: Individual, Family, and Community	717	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	717	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	717	(1)
Implementation	718	(4)
Health Promotion	719	(2)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Function	721	(1)
Healthcare Planning and Home- or Community-Based Nursing	721	(1)
Evaluation	722	(4)
Goal	722	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	722	(1)
Goal	722	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	722	(4)
Unit 8 Activity and Exercise	726	(190)
Self-Care and Hygiene	726	(45)
Routine Self-Care	727	(3)
Characteristics of Routine Self-Care	727	(2)
Self-Care Patterns	729	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	729	(1)
Factors Affecting Self-Care	730	(2)
Culture, Values, and Beliefs	730	(1)
Environment	730	(1)
Motivation	730	(1)
Mental Health	731	(1)
Cognitive Abilities	731	(1)
Energy	731	(1)
Acute Illness and Surgery	731	(1)
Pain	731	(1)
Neuromuscular Function	731	(1)
Sensory Deficits	732	(1)
Altered Self-Care	732	(1)
Manifestations of Altered Self-Care	732	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	732	(1)
Assessment	732	(3)
Subjective Data	732	(2)
Objective Data	734	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	735	(2)
Diagnostic Statement: Bathing/Hygiene Self-Care Deficit	735	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Feeding Self-Care Deficit	735	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Toileting Self-Care Deficit	736	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Dressing/Grooming Self-Care Deficit	736	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	737	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	737	(1)
Implementation	737	(30)
Health Promotion	737	(1)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Self-Care	737	(29)
Healthcare Planning and Home/Community-Based Nursing	766	(1)
Evaluation	767	(4)
Goal	767	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	767	(1)
Goal	767	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	767	(1)
Goal	767	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	767	(4)
Mobility and Body Mechanics	771	(51)
Normal Mobility	773	(8)
Structures of the Musculoskeletal System	773	(1)
Normal Physiologic Function	774	(4)
Characteristics of Normal Movement	778	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	778	(3)
Factors Affecting Mobility	781	(2)
Lifestyle and Habits	781	(1)
Intact Musculoskeletal System	781	(1)
Nervous System Control	782	(1)
Circulation and Oxygenation	782	(1)
Energy	782	(1)
Congenital Problems	782	(1)
Affective Disorders	782	(1)
Therapeutic Modalities	782	(1)
Altered Mobility	783	(6)
Manifestations of Altered Mobility	783	(1)
Impact of Immobility on Function	784	(5)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	789	(1)
Assessment	789	(3)
Subjective Data	789	(1)
Objective Data	790	(2)
Nursing Diagnoses	792	(2)
Diagnostic Statement: Impaired Physical Mobility	792	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Impaired Walking	793	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Impaired Wheelchair Mobility	793	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Impaired Transfer Ability	793	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Impaired Bed Mobility	793	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Activity Intolerance	793	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Risk for Disuse Syndrome	793	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	793	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	794	(1)
Implementation	794	(22)
Health Promotion	794	(2)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Mobility	796	(18)
Healthcare Planning and Home/Community-Based Nursing	814	(2)
Evaluation	816	(6)
Goal	816	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	817	(1)
Goal	817	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	817	(1)
Goal	817	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	817	(5)
Oxygenation: Respiratory Function	822	(54)
Normal Respiratory Function	823	(4)
Structure of the Respiratory System	823	(1)
Function of the Respiratory System	824	(2)
Normal Breathing Pattern	826	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	826	(1)
Factors Affecting Respiratory Function	827	(2)
Body Position	827	(1)
Environment	827	(1)
Lifestyle and Habits	827	(1)
Increased Work of Breathing	828	(1)
Altered Respiratory Function	829	(3)
Manifestations of Altered Respiratory Function	829	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	830	(2)
Assessment	832	(5)
Subjective Data	832	(1)
Objective Data	833	(4)
Nursing Diagnoses	837	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Ineffective Breathing Pattern	837	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Ineffective Airway Clearance	838	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Impaired Gas Exchange	838	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	838	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	838	(1)
Implementation	838	(34)
Health Promotion	838	(7)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Respiratory Function	845	(25)
Healthcare Planning and Home Care/Community-Based Nursing	870	(2)
Evaluation	872	(4)
Goal	872	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	872	(1)
Goal	872	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	872	(1)
Goal	872	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	872	(1)
Goal	872	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	872	(4)
Oxygenation: Cardiovascular Function	876	(40)
Normal Cardiovascular Function	877	(5)
Structure of the Cardiovascular System	877	(1)
Function of the Cardiovascular System	878	(4)
Lifespan Considerations	882	(1)
Factors Affecting Cardiovascular Function	882	(2)
Cigarette Smoking	882	(1)
High Blood Pressure	883	(1)
Nutrition	883	(1)
Lack of Exercise	883	(1)
Diabetes	883	(1)
Obesity	883	(1)
Medical and Family History	884	(1)
Medications and Drug Use	884	(1)
Stress	884	(1)
Altered Cardiovascular Function	884	(4)
Manifestations of Altered Cardiovascular Function	884	(3)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	887	(1)
Assessment	888	(4)
Subjective Data	888	(1)
Objective Data	889	(3)
Nursing Diagnoses	892	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Decreased Cardiac Output	892	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Ineffective Tissue Perfusion (Renal, Cerebral, Cardiopulmonary, Gastrointestinal, Peripheral)	892	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Activity Intolerance	893	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	893	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	893	(1)
Implementation	893	(17)
Health Promotion	893	(4)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Cardiovascular Function	897	(8)
Healthcare Planning and Home or Community-Based Nursing	905	(5)
Evaluation	910	(6)
Goal	910	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	911	(1)
Goal	911	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	911	(1)
Goal	911	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	911	(5)
Unit 9 Nutrition and Metabolism	916	(160)
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid--Base Balance	916	(34)
Normal Fluid and Electrolyte Balance	918	(6)
Fluid Compartments	918	(1)
Electrolytes	919	(2)
Fluid and Electrolyte Distribution	921	(2)
Lifespan Considerations	923	(1)
Normal Acid--Base Balance	924	(3)
Acids, Bases, and pH	924	(1)
Acids and Bases in the Blood	925	(1)
Acid--Base Balance Regulation	925	(2)
Factors Affecting Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid--Base Balance	927	(2)
Fluid and Food Intake	927	(1)
Fluid and Electrolyte Output	927	(1)
Stress	928	(1)
Chronic Illness	928	(1)
Surgery	928	(1)
Pregnancy	929	(1)
Altered Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid--Base Balance	929	(8)
Fluid Imbalances	931	(2)
Electrolyte Imbalances	933	(1)
Acid--Base Imbalances	933	(1)
Manifestations of Fluid, Electrolyte, or Acid--Base Imbalances	933	(4)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	937	(1)
Assessment	937	(4)
Subjective Data	937	(1)
Objective Data	938	(3)
Nursing Diagnoses	941	(1)
Diagnostic Statement---Extracellular Fluid Volume Deficit	941	(1)
Diagnostic Statement---Extracellular Fluid Volume Excess	942	(1)
Diagnostic Statement---Water Excess	942	(1)
Diagnostic Statement---Water Deficit	942	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	942	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	942	(1)
Implementation	943	(4)
Health Promotion	943	(1)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid--Base Status	944	(2)
Healthcare Planning and Home- or Community-Based Nursing	946	(1)
Evaluation	947	(3)
Goal	947	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	947	(1)
Goal	947	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	947	(1)
Goal	947	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	947	(3)
Nutrition	950	(52)
Normal Nutrition	951	(1)
Nutrients	952	(18)
Nutrient Guidelines	952	(1)
Carbohydrates	953	(1)
Proteins	953	(1)
Fats	953	(1)
Vitamins	954	(8)
Minerals	962	(5)
Water	967	(1)
The Food Guide Pyramid	967	(3)
Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating	970	(1)
The Digestive System	970	(2)
Structure of the Digestive System	970	(1)
Function of the Digestive System	971	(1)
Characteristics of Normal Nutrition	972	(4)
Nutrient Density	972	(1)
Dietary Guidelines for Americans	972	(1)
Energy Balance	972	(1)
Nutritional Status	972	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	973	(3)
Factors Affecting Nutrition	976	(6)
Physiologic Factors	976	(4)
Lifestyle and Habits	980	(1)
Culture and Beliefs	981	(1)
Economic Resources	981	(1)
Drug and Nutrient Interactions	981	(1)
Gender	981	(1)
Surgery	981	(1)
Cancer and Cancer Treatment	981	(1)
Alcohol and Drug Abuse	981	(1)
Psychological State	981	(1)
Altered Nutritional Function	982	(1)
Manifestations of Altered Nutrition	982	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	983	(1)
Assessment	983	(2)
Subjective Data	983	(1)
Objective Data	984	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	985	(1)
Diagnostic Statement---Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements	985	(1)
Diagnostic Statement---Imbalanced Nutrition: More Than Body Requirements	985	(1)
Diagnostic Statement---Readiness for Enhanced Nutrition	986	(1)
Diagnostic Statement---Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition: More Than Body Requirements	986	(1)
Diagnostic Statement---Impaired Swallowing	986	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	986	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	986	(1)
Implementation	987	(10)
Health Promotion	987	(1)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Nutritional Function	987	(9)
Healthcare Planning and Home- or Community-Based Care	996	(1)
Evaluation	997	(5)
Goal	998	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	998	(1)
Goal	998	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	998	(1)
Goal	998	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	998	(1)
Goal	998	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	998	(4)
Skin Integrity and Wound Healing	1002	(39)
Normal Integumentary Function	1003	(3)
Structure of the Skin	1003	(1)
Function of the Skin	1004	(1)
Characteristics of Normal Skin	1005	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	1005	(1)
Factors Affecting Integumentary Function	1006	(4)
Circulation	1006	(1)
Nutrition	1006	(1)
Condition of the Epidermis	1006	(1)
Allergy	1006	(1)
Infections	1006	(1)
Abnormal Growth Rate	1007	(1)
Systemic Diseases	1007	(1)
Trauma	1007	(1)
Excessive Exposure	1008	(1)
Mechanical Forces	1008	(2)
Altered Integumentary Function	1010	(6)
Manifestations of Altered Integumentary Function	1010	(1)
Wound Healing	1010	(6)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1016	(1)
Assessment	1016	(1)
Subjective Data	1016	(1)
Objective Data	1016	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	1017	(1)
Impaired Skin Integrity	1017	(1)
Impaired Tissue Integrity	1018	(1)
Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity	1018	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1018	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1018	(1)
Implementation	1018	(18)
Health Promotion	1018	(2)
Client Teaching	1020	(2)
Nursing Interventions for Skin Impairment	1022	(14)
Healthcare Planning and Home or Community-Based Nursing	1036	(1)
Evaluation	1036	(5)
Goal	1037	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1037	(1)
Goal	1037	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1037	(1)
Goal	1038	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1038	(1)
Goal	1038	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1038	(3)
The Body's Defense Against Infection	1041	(35)
Normal Resistance to Infection	1042	(5)
Characteristics of Normal Resistance to Infection	1042	(3)
Lifespan Considerations	1045	(2)
Factors Affecting Normal Resistance to Infection	1047	(8)
Presence of Infectious Agents	1047	(1)
Compromised Host	1047	(8)
Altered Resistance to Infection	1055	(3)
Type of Infection	1055	(1)
Progress of an Infection	1055	(2)
Manifestations of Infection	1057	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1058	(1)
Assessment	1058	(6)
Subjective Data	1058	(1)
Objective Data	1059	(5)
Nursing Diagnoses	1064	(1)
Risk for Infection	1065	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1065	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1065	(1)
Implementation	1066	(7)
Health Promotion	1066	(1)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Function	1066	(6)
Healthcare Planning and Home- or Community-Based Nursing	1072	(1)
Evaluation	1073	(3)
Goal	1073	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1073	(1)
Goal	1073	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1073	(1)
Goal	1073	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1073	(3)
Unit 10 Elimination	1076	(78)
Urinary Elimination	1076	(38)
Normal Urinary Function	1077	(4)
Structures of the Urinary Tract	1077	(2)
Function of the Urinary System	1079	(1)
Characteristics-of Normal Urine	1079	(1)
Normal Pattern of Urinary Elimination	1080	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	1080	(1)
Factors Affecting Urinary Elimination	1081	(3)
Fluid Intake	1081	(1)
Loss of Body Fluid	1082	(1)
Nutrition	1082	(1)
Body Position	1082	(1)
Cognition	1082	(1)
Psychological Factors	1082	(1)
Obstruction of Urine Flow	1082	(1)
Infections of the Urinary Tract	1083	(1)
Hypotension	1083	(1)
Neurologic Injury	1083	(1)
Decreased Muscle Tone	1083	(1)
Pregnancy	1083	(1)
Surgery	1084	(1)
Medications	1084	(1)
Urinary Diversion	1084	(1)
Altered Urinary Function	1084	(3)
Manifestations of Altered Urinary Function	1084	(3)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1087	(1)
Assessment	1087	(8)
Subjective Data	1087	(1)
Objective Data	1088	(7)
Nursing Diagnoses	1095	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Stress Urinary Incontinence	1095	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Urge Urinary Incontinence	1095	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Reflex Urinary Incontinence	1096	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Functional Urinary Incontinence	1096	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Total Urinary Incontinence	1096	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Urinary Retention	1096	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1096	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1096	(1)
Implementation	1097	(14)
Health Promotion	1097	(2)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Function	1099	(12)
Healthcare Planning and Home or Community-Based Nursing	1111	(1)
Evaluation	1111	(3)
Goal	1111	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1111	(1)
Goal	1111	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1111	(3)
Bowel Elimination	1114	(40)
Normal Bowel Function	1115	(3)
Structures of the Gastrointestinal Tract	1115	(1)
Function of the Intestine	1116	(1)
Characteristics of Normal Feces	1117	(1)
Normal Bowel Pattern	1117	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	1117	(1)
Factors Affecting Bowel Elimination	1118	(3)
Nutrition	1118	(1)
Fluid Intake	1119	(1)
Activity and Exercise	1119	(1)
Body Position	1119	(1)
Ignoring the Urge to Defecate	1119	(1)
Lifestyle	1119	(1)
Pregnancy	1120	(1)
Medications	1120	(1)
Diagnostic Procedures	1120	(1)
Surgery	1120	(1)
Fecal Diversion	1120	(1)
Altered Bowel Function	1121	(3)
Manifestations of Altered Bowel Function	1121	(3)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1124	(1)
Assessment	1124	(6)
Subjective Data	1124	(1)
Objective Data	1125	(5)
Nursing Diagnoses	1130	(2)
Diagnostic Statement: Constipation	1130	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Perceived Constipation	1130	(2)
Diagnostic Statement: Diarrhea	1132	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Bowel Incontinence	1132	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1132	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1132	(1)
Implementation	1132	(15)
Health Promotion	1132	(2)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Bowel Function	1134	(13)
Healthcare Planning and Home or Community-Based Care	1147	(3)
Evaluation	1150	(4)
Goal	1150	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1150	(1)
Goal	1150	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1150	(1)
Goal	1150	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1150	(4)
Unit 11 Sleep and Rest	1154	(22)
Sleep and Rest	1154	(22)
Normal Sleep and Rest	1155	(6)
Physiologic Function	1156	(2)
Psychological Function	1158	(1)
Characteristics of Normal Sleep and Rest	1158	(1)
Normal Sleep and Rest Patterns	1159	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	1160	(1)
Factors Affecting Sleep and Rest	1161	(5)
Need	1161	(1)
Environment	1162	(1)
Relationships	1163	(1)
Shift Work	1164	(1)
Nutrition and Metabolism	1164	(1)
Elimination Patterns	1164	(1)
Exercise, Passive Heating, and Thermoregulation	1164	(1)
Vigilance	1165	(1)
Lifestyle and Habits	1165	(1)
Illness	1165	(1)
Medications and Chemicals	1165	(1)
Mood States	1166	(1)
Altered Sleep and Rest	1166	(2)
Manifestations of Altered Sleep	1166	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1167	(1)
Assessment	1168	(1)
Subjective Data	1168	(1)
Objective Data	1168	(1)
Nursing Diagnosis	1168	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Disturbed Sleep Pattern	1169	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Sleep Deprivation	1169	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1169	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1169	(1)
Implementation	1170	(1)
Health Promotion	1170	(1)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Function	1170	(1)
Healthcare Planning and Home or Community-Based Care	1171	(1)
Evaluation	1171	(5)
Goal	1172	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1172	(1)
Goal	1172	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1172	(1)
Goal	1173	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1173	(3)
Unit 12 Cognition and Perception	1176	(90)
Pain Perception and Management	1176	(35)
Pain Perception	1177	(5)
Structures Related to the Pain Process	1177	(1)
Pain Modulation	1178	(1)
Pain Theories	1179	(1)
Characteristics of Pain	1179	(2)
Lifespan Considerations	1181	(1)
Factors Affecting Pain Perception and Pain Response	1182	(3)
Physiologic Factors	1183	(1)
Affective Factors	1183	(1)
Behavioral Factors	1183	(1)
Cognitive Factors	1184	(1)
Altered Function Resulting in Pain	1185	(1)
Manifestations of Pain	1185	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1186	(1)
Assessment	1186	(4)
Subjective Data	1186	(3)
Objective Data	1189	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	1190	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Acute Pain	1190	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Chronic Pain	1190	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1191	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1191	(1)
Implementation	1191	(14)
Health Promotion	1191	(1)
Nursing Interventions for the Client Experiencing Pain	1192	(12)
Healthcare Planning and Home/Community-Based Nursing	1204	(1)
Evaluation	1205	(6)
Goal	1205	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1205	(1)
Goal	1205	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1205	(1)
Goal	1205	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1205	(6)
Sensory Perception	1211	(21)
Normal Sensory Perception	1212	(2)
Structure and Function of Sensory Perception	1212	(1)
Characteristics of Normal Sensory Perception	1213	(1)
Normal Sensory Pattern	1213	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	1213	(1)
Factors Affecting Sensory Perception	1214	(3)
Environment	1214	(1)
Previous Experience	1214	(1)
Lifestyle and Habits	1214	(1)
Illness	1214	(1)
Medications	1214	(1)
Age	1214	(1)
Variations in Stimulation	1215	(2)
Altered Sensory Perception Function	1217	(1)
Manifestations of Altered Sensory Perception Function	1217	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1217	(1)
Assessment	1217	(3)
Subjective Data	1218	(2)
Objective Data	1220	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	1220	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Disturbed Sensory Perception	1220	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1221	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1221	(1)
Implementation	1221	(6)
Health Promotion	1221	(1)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Sensory Perception Function	1222	(5)
Healthcare Planning and Home or Community-Based Nursing	1227	(1)
Evaluation	1227	(5)
Goal	1227	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1227	(1)
Goal	1227	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1227	(1)
Goal	1227	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1228	(1)
Goal	1228	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1228	(1)
Goal	1228	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1228	(1)
Goal	1228	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1228	(1)
Goal	1228	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1228	(4)
Cognitive Processes	1232	(34)
Normal Cognitive Processes	1233	(4)
Anatomic Structures Involved in Cognition	1233	(1)
Normal Cognitive Function	1234	(1)
Consciousness	1234	(2)
Thoughts	1236	(1)
Memory	1236	(1)
Speech	1236	(1)
Characteristics of Normal Cognition	1237	(1)
Normal Cognitive Patterns	1237	(3)
Attending	1237	(1)
Perceiving	1238	(1)
Thinking	1238	(1)
Learning	1238	(1)
Remembering	1238	(1)
Communicating	1238	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	1238	(2)
Factors Affecting Cognitive Function	1240	(3)
Physiological Factors	1240	(2)
Environmental Factors	1242	(1)
Culture, Values, and Beliefs	1243	(1)
Altered Cognitive Function	1243	(4)
Manifestations of Altered Cognitive Function	1244	(2)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1246	(1)
Assessment	1247	(5)
Subjective Data	1247	(2)
Objective Data	1249	(3)
Nursing Diagnoses	1252	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Acute Confusion	1252	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Chronic Confusion	1252	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Impaired Memory	1252	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Disturbed Thought Processes	1253	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Impaired Verbal Communication	1253	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1253	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1253	(1)
Implementation	1254	(7)
Health Promotion	1254	(1)
Nursing Interventions for Impaired Cognitive Function	1255	(6)
Healthcare Planning and Home/Community-Based Nursing	1261	(1)
Evaluation	1261	(5)
Goal	1261	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1261	(1)
Goal	1261	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1261	(1)
Goal	1261	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1262	(1)
Goal	1262	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1262	(1)
Goal	1262	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1262	(4)
Unit 13 Self-Perception and Self-Concept	1266	(22)
Self-Concept	1266	(22)
Normal Function of Self	1267	(6)
Characteristics of Self-Concept and Self-Perception	1267	(1)
Normal Self-Concept Patterns	1268	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	1269	(4)
Factors Affecting Self-Concept	1273	(4)
Biologic Makeup	1273	(1)
Culture, Values, and Beliefs	1274	(1)
Coping and Stress Tolerance	1274	(1)
Self-Efficacy	1274	(1)
Previous Experience	1274	(2)
Developmental Level	1276	(1)
Role Transition	1276	(1)
Illness, Trauma, and Surgery	1277	(1)
Altered Self-Concept	1277	(1)
Manifestations of Altered Function	1277	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1278	(1)
Assessment	1278	(1)
Subjective Data	1278	(1)
Objective Data	1279	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	1279	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Disturbed Body Image	1279	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Chronic Low Self-Esteem	1279	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Situational Low Self-Esteem	1279	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Ineffective Role Performance	1280	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1280	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1280	(1)
Implementation	1280	(4)
Health Promotion	1280	(3)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Self-Concept	1283	(1)
Healthcare Planning and Home/Community-Based Nursing	1283	(1)
Evaluation	1284	(4)
Goal	1284	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1284	(1)
Goal	1284	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1284	(1)
Goal	1284	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1284	(1)
Goal	1284	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1285	(3)
Unit 14 Roles and Relationships	1288	(50)
Families and Their Relationships	1288	(26)
Normal Family Relationships	1289	(4)
Family Structure	1290	(1)
Family Function	1291	(1)
Normal Functional Family Pattern	1292	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	1292	(1)
Factors Affecting Family Function	1293	(3)
Culture, Values, and Beliefs	1294	(1)
Economic Resources	1295	(1)
Lifestyle	1295	(1)
Previous Life Experience	1295	(1)
Coping and Stress Tolerance	1295	(1)
Acute Illness	1295	(1)
Chronic Illness	1295	(1)
Traumatic Experiences	1296	(1)
Substance Abuse	1296	(1)
Altered Family Relationships	1296	(3)
Manifestations of Altered Family Function	1296	(3)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1299	(1)
Assessment	1299	(2)
Subjective Assessment	1299	(2)
Objective Data	1301	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	1301	(5)
Diagnostic Statement: Caregiver Role Strain	1302	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Risk for Caregiver Role Strain	1302	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Readiness for Enhanced Family Processes	1302	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Interrupted Family Processes	1302	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Dysfunctional Family Processes: Alcoholism	1303	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Compromised Family Coping	1303	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Disabled Family Coping	1304	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Readiness for Enhanced Family Coping	1304	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Ineffective Family Therapeutic Regimen Management	1304	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Readiness for Enhanced Parenting	1304	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Impaired Parenting	1305	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Risk for Impaired Parenting	1305	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Parental Role Conflict	1305	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Risk for Impaired Parent/Infant/Child Attachment	1306	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1306	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1306	(1)
Implementation	1306	(3)
Health Promotion	1306	(2)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Family Function	1308	(1)
Healthcare Planning and Home/Community-Based Nursing	1309	(1)
Evaluation	1309	(5)
Goal	1310	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1310	(1)
Goal	1310	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1310	(1)
Goal	1310	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1310	(4)
Loss and Grieving	1314	(24)
Normal Grieving	1315	(5)
Characteristics of Normal Loss and Grieving	1315	(2)
Lifespan Considerations	1317	(3)
Factors Affecting Grieving	1320	(1)
Meaning of the Loss	1320	(1)
Circumstances of the Loss	1320	(1)
Religious Beliefs and Cultural Practices	1321	(1)
Personal Resources and Stressors	1321	(1)
Sociocultural Resources and Stressors	1321	(1)
Altered Grieving	1321	(1)
Manifestations of Altered Grieving	1321	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1321	(1)
Assessment	1322	(1)
Subjective Data	1322	(1)
Objective Data	1323	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	1323	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Anticipatory Grieving	1323	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Dysfunctional Grieving	1323	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1324	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1324	(1)
Implementation	1324	(2)
Health Promotion	1324	(2)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Grieving	1326	(1)
Healthcare Planning and Home or Community-Based Nursing	1326	(1)
Referral	1326	(1)
Evaluation	1326	(3)
Goal	1327	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1327	(1)
Goal	1327	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1327	(1)
Goal	1328	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1328	(1)
Goal	1328	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1328	(1)
Goal	1328	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1329	(1)
Goal	1329	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1329	(1)
Caring for the Dying Patient	1329	(9)
Definition of Death	1329	(1)
Response to Dying and Death	1329	(1)
Physical Signs of Dying	1329	(1)
Hospice and Palliative Care	1329	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses and Nursing Implementation	1330	(1)
Caring for the Deceased	1331	(7)
Unit 15 Coping and Stress Management	1338	(24)
Stress, Coping, and Adaptation	1338	(24)
Normal Coping and Adaptation to Stress	1339	(7)
Physiologic Function Related to Stress, Coping, and Adaptation	1339	(2)
Characteristics of Stress, Coping, and Adaptation	1341	(3)
Normal Coping Patterns	1344	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	1345	(1)
Factors Affecting Coping Patterns	1346	(2)
Lifestyle Considerations	1346	(1)
Previous Experience	1347	(1)
Involuntary Relocation	1347	(1)
Social Interaction	1347	(1)
Sensory Deficits	1348	(1)
Altered Coping Patterns	1348	(1)
Manifestations of Altered Coping	1348	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1349	(1)
Assessment	1349	(3)
Subjective Data	1349	(2)
Objective Data	1351	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	1352	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Ineffective Coping	1353	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1353	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1353	(1)
Implementation	1353	(5)
Health Promotion	1353	(3)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Function	1356	(2)
Healthcare Planning and Home/Community-Based Nursing	1358	(1)
Evaluation	1358	(4)
Goal	1358	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1358	(1)
Goal	1358	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1359	(1)
Goal	1359	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1359	(3)
Unit 16 Sexuality and Reproduction	1362	(28)
Human Sexuality	1362	(28)
Normal Human Sexuality	1363	(8)
Structure of the Reproductive Systems	1364	(2)
Function of Sexuality and the Reproductive Systems	1366	(1)
Characteristics of Normal Sexuality	1367	(1)
Normal Sexual Patterns	1368	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	1369	(2)
Factors Affecting Sexuality	1371	(3)
Relationships	1371	(1)
Cognition and Perception	1371	(1)
Culture, Values, and Beliefs	1371	(1)
Self-Concept	1371	(1)
Previous Experience	1371	(1)
Pregnancy	1371	(1)
Environment	1372	(1)
Illness and Disability	1372	(2)
Medication	1374	(1)
Surgery	1374	(1)
Altered Human Sexuality	1374	(1)
Manifestations of Altered Sexuality	1374	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1375	(1)
Assessment	1375	(4)
Subjective Data	1377	(1)
Objective Data	1378	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	1379	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Sexual Dysfunction	1379	(1)
Diagnostic Statement: Ineffective Sexuality Patterns	1379	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1380	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1380	(1)
Implementation	1380	(7)
Health Promotion	1380	(6)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Function	1386	(1)
Healthcare Planning and Home/Community-Based Nursing	1386	(1)
Evaluation	1387	(3)
Goal	1387	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1387	(1)
Goal	1388	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1388	(1)
Goal	1388	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1388	(2)
Unit 17 Values and Beliefs	1390	(25)
Spiritual Health	1390	(25)
Normal Spiritual Function	1391	(4)
Characteristics of Spirituality	1392	(1)
Normal Spiritual Pattern	1392	(1)
Lifespan Considerations	1393	(2)
Factors Affecting Spiritual Health	1395	(3)
Culture	1395	(1)
Gender	1396	(1)
Previous Experience	1396	(1)
Crisis and Change	1396	(1)
Separation From Spiritual Ties	1396	(1)
Moral Issues Regarding Therapy	1396	(1)
Inadequate or Inappropriate Care	1397	(1)
Altered Spiritual Function	1398	(1)
Manifestations of Altered Spiritual Function	1398	(1)
Impact on Activities of Daily Living	1398	(1)
Assessment	1398	(3)
Subjective Data	1400	(1)
Objective Data	1401	(1)
Nursing Diagnoses	1401	(2)
Spiritual Distress	1401	(1)
Readiness for Enhanced Spiritual Well-Being	1402	(1)
Risk for Spiritual Distress	1402	(1)
Decisional Conflict (Specify)	1402	(1)
Noncompliance (Specify)	1402	(1)
Related Nursing Diagnoses	1403	(1)
Outcome Identification and Planning	1403	(1)
Implementation	1403	(7)
Health Promotion	1403	(1)
Nursing Interventions for Altered Spiritual Function	1404	(5)
Healthcare Planning and Home/Community-Based Nursing	1409	(1)
Evaluation	1410	(5)
Goal	1411	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1411	(1)
Goal	1411	(1)
Possible Outcome Criteria	1411	(4)
Glossary	1415	(12)
Appendix A	1427	(6)
Appendix B	1433	(8)
Index	1441