Fundamentals of Philosophy

by Stewart, David; Blocker, H. Gene

• ISBN13: 9780130308962
• ISBN10: 013030896X
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For freshman/sophomore-level courses in Introduction to Philosophy. An accessible reader/text for beginning students of philosophy, this volume offers a broad scope of diverse classic and contemporary selections with a narrative and format that presents difficult issues and readings in a simplified but not condescending manner. The readings are grouped around major philosophic themes: logic, ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of religion, philosophy of art, and social and political philosophy. It also offers a selection of readings from Eastern philosophy.

Table of Contents

Part 1 What is Philosophy?	1	(26)
The Activity of Philosophy	2	(8)
Philosophy's History	10	(8)
Philosophy and the Examined Life	18	(9)
In Defense of Philosophy	20	(7)
Socrates
Part 2 Thinking About Thinking (Logic)	27	(54)
The Life of Reason	28	(7)
Argument Forms	35	(15)
Inductive Arguments and Scientific Reasoning	50	(10)
Strategies for Philosophical Arguments	60	(21)
Are You a Critical Thinker?	77	(4)
Thomas A. Shipka
Part 3 What is Real? (Metaphysics)	81	(68)
Introduction to Metaphysics	82	(12)
Materialism	94	(19)
First Principle of Materialism	104	(9)
Epicurus
Idealism	113	(15)
Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous	116	(12)
George Berkeley
The Mind-Body Problem	128	(12)
Materialism and Personal Identity	132	(8)
Richard Taylor
Metaphysics and Language	140	(9)
Philosophical Investigations	144	(5)
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Part 4 How Do We Know? (Epistemology)	149	(66)
Introduction to Epistemology	150	(7)
Appearance and Reality	157	(15)
The Visible and the Invisible	162	(10)
Plato
The Quest for Certainty	172	(14)
Meditations	175	(11)
Rene Descartes
Trust Your Senses	186	(8)
Skeptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding	190	(4)
David Hume
A Compromise	194	(11)
Two Sources of Knowledge	200	(5)
Immanuel Kant
The Challenges of Postmodernism	205	(10)
Part 5 What Ought We to Do? (Ethics)	215	(62)
Introduction to Ethical Reasoning	216	(8)
The Need for Morality	224	(16)
Leviathan	230	(10)
Thomas Hobbes
The Morality of Self-Realization	240	(14)
Nicomachean Ethics	246	(8)
Aristotle
Morality Depends on the Consequences	254	(13)
Utilitarianism	262	(5)
John Stuart Mill
Morality Depends on Motives	267	(10)
Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals	271	(6)
Immanuel Kant
Part 6 Philosophy of Religion	277	(60)
Introduction to Philosophy and Religion	278	(6)
Religion and Life's Meaning	284	(10)
A Confession	287	(7)
Leo Tolstoy
Arguments for God's Existence: The Ontological Argument	294	(12)
Proslogion	297	(9)
St. Anselm
Arguments for God's Existence: The Cosmological Arguments	306	(22)
The Five Ways	309	(9)
St. Thomas Aquinas
Natural Theology	318	(10)
William Paley
The Problem of Evil	328	(9)
The Vale of Soul-Making Theodicy	331	(6)
John Hick
Part 7 Philosophy of Art (Esthetics)	337	(42)
Introduction to the Philosophy of Art	338	(10)
The Value of Art	348	(9)
The Esthetic Attitude	349	(8)
H. Gene Blocker
Art as Ideal	357	(11)
The Naked and the Nude	358	(10)
Kenneth Clark
Esthetics and Ideology	368	(11)
``The Politics of Representation: The Role of the Gaze in Pornography''	369	(10)
Jennifer Jeffers
Part 8 Social and Political Philosophy	379	(52)
Social and Political Philosophy	380	(9)
The Libertarian View of the State	389	(13)
The State and the State of Nature	394	(8)
John Locke
The Individual and the State	402	(9)
On Liberty	404	(7)
John Stuart Mill
Individual Happiness and Social Responsibility	411	(10)
Happiness and Justice in ``Liberal'' Society: Autonomy as Political Integration	412	(9)
M. Andrew Holowchak
Minority Group Rights	421	(10)
Minority Groups and the State	422	(9)
Elizabeth Smith
H. Gene Blocker
Part 9 Eastern Thought	431	(46)
Philosophy East and West	432	(6)
Eastern Thought: Theories of Human Nature	438	(18)
The Book of Mencius	446	(3)
Mencius
The Nature of Man is Evil	449	(3)
Xun Zi
Man's Nature is Neither Good Nor Evil	452	(4)
Dong Zhongshu
Eastern Thought: The Individual and the Collective	456	(21)
The Path of Yoga	465	(7)
The Tao Te Ching	472	(5)
Lao Tzu
Glossary of Terms	477	(10)
Index	487