Fundamentals of Philosophy

by Stewart, David; Blocker, H. Gene

• ISBN13: 9780205242993
• ISBN10: 0205242995
• eBook ISBN(s): 9780205922048, 9780205973835
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780205647620
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-02-16
• Publisher: Pearson
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Thematically introduces students to the major philosophic thinkers. Fundamentals of Philosophyoffers a broad scope of classic and contemporary selections from the world's major thinkers via a narrative format that presents difficult issues and readings in a simplified manner for students. Its readings are grouped around nine major themes/chapters, and are organized as a debate on one central issue. This approach helps students understand the argumentative style of philosophy, and learn how philosophic issues and solutions they encounter can be applied to their everyday life. A better teaching and learning experience This program will provide a better teaching and learning experience-for you and your students. Here's how: Personalize Learning- MySearchLab delivers proven results in helping students succeed, provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals. Improve Critical Thinking "Questions for Discussion" and a "Glossary of Terms" help students study. Engage Students "Biographies" and "Recent Developments" stimulate student interest and understanding of philosophy's contemporary applications. Support Instructors MySearchLab and an Instructor's Manual to accompany the text are available. Note:MySearchLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MySearchLab, please visit:www.mysearchlab.comor you can purchase a ValuePack of the text + MySearchLab (at no additional cost): ValuePack ISBN-10: 0205879306 / ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205879304.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
What Is Philosophy?	p. 1
The Activity of Philosophy	p. 1
Philosophy's History	p. 8
Philosophy and the Examined Life	p. 15
Socrates: In Defense of Philosophy	p. 17
Thinking About Thinking (Logic)	p. 26
The Life of Reason	p. 26
Argument Forms	p. 33
Induction and the Philosophy of Science	p. 46
Strategies for Philosophical Arguments	p. 57
What Is Real? (Metaphysics)	p. 74
Introduction to Metaphysics	p. 74
Dualism	p. 85
Plato: The Immortality of the Soul	p. 88
Plato: The Divided Line	p. 92
Materialism	p. 101
Epicurus: First Principle of Materialism	p. 108
Idealism	p. 118
George Berkeley: Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous	p. 120
The Mind-Body Problem and Personal Identity	p. 132
Alfred C. Lent Surviving in a Different Body	p. 141
Freedom and Determinism: The Metaphysics of Human Agency	p. 153
Peter van Inwagen: The Moral Argument for Freedom	p. 160
How Do We Know? (Epistemology)	p. 165
Introduction to Epistemology	p. 165
René Descartes: The Quest for Certainty	p. 171
René Descartes: Meditations	p. 174
David Hume: Trust Your Senses	p. 187
David Hume: Of the Origin of Ideas	p. 190
David Hume: Skeptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding	p. 197
Immanuel Kant: A Compromise	p. 201
Immanuel Kant: Two Sources of Knowledge	p. 211
Knowledge and Human Practices: The Pragmatist Tradition	p. 218
William James: What Pragmatism Means	p. 221
Nathaniel Goldberg: Where Does Knowledge Come From? Quine, Davidson, and Traditional Epistemology	p. 225
What Ought We to Do? (Ethics)	p. 239
Introduction to Ethical Reasoning	p. 239
Moral Skepticism	p. 246
J. L Mackie: The Argument from Relativity	p. 254
Morality and Metaphysics	p. 261
Matthew Carey Jordan: God and Morality	p. 265
Eudaemonism: The Morality of Self-Realization	p. 278
Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics	p. 281
Utilitarianism: Morality Depends on the Consequences	p. 289
John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism	p. 295
Deontology: Morality Depends on the Motives	p. 301
Immanuel Kant: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Ethics	p. 304
Philosophy of Religion	p. 316
Introduction to Philosophy of Religion	p. 316
Religion and Life's Meaning	p. 322
Leo Tolstoy: A Confession	p. 325
A Priori Arguments for God's Existence	p. 331
St Anselm: Proslogion	p. 334
A Posteriori Arguments for God's Existence: Aquinas' Five Ways	p. 348
St. Thomas Aquinas: The Five Ways	p. 350
The Problem of Evil	p. 361
James Petrik: Inscrutable Evil and an Infinite God	p. 366
Philosophy of Art (Esthetics)	p. 379
Introduction to the Philosophy of Art	p. 379
The Value of Art	p. 388
H. Gene Blocker. The Esthetic Attitude	p. 389
Art as Ideal	p. 397
Kenneth Clark The Naked and the Nude	p. 398
Esthetics and Ideology	p. 408
Jennifer Jeffers: The Politics of Representation	p. 409
Social and Political Philosophy	p. 422
Introduction to Social and Political Philosophy	p. 422
The Liberal, Secular State	p. 430
John Locke: A Letter Concerning Toleration	p. 435
The Individual and the State	p. 442
John Stuart Mill: On Liberty	p. 444
Human Rights	p. 451
H. Gene Blocker. Human Rights	p. 452
Individual Happiness and Social Responsibility	p. 463
M. Andrew Holowchak: Happiness and Justice in "Liberal" Society. Autonomy as Political Integration	p. 464
Eastern Thought	p. 475
Philosophy East and West	p. 475
Confucian Theories of Human Nature	p. 481
Mencius: The Book of Mencius	p. 485
Xun Zi: The Nature of Man Is Evil	p. 490
Dong Zhongshu: Human Nature Is Both Good and Evil	p. 495
Hindu Debate on Monism	p. 497
Buddhist Theory of Emptiness	p. 505
Nagarjuna: Seventy Verses on Emptiness	p. 507
Nagarjuna: How Phenomena Are Empty of Inherent Existence	p. 511
Glossary of Terms	p. 519
Index	p. 527
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