This guide highlights major concepts in special education-from disability categories, identification issues, and IEPs to appropriate learning environments and the roles general and special educators play.

About A Practical Approach to Special Education for Every Teacher

vii

Acknowledgments

viii

About the Authors

xi

Self-Assessment 1

1

(4)

Introduction to The Fundamentals of Special Education

5

(32)

1. What Is Special Education?

9

(2)

2. Why Do We Have Special Education?

11

(4)

The Evolution of Special Education

11

(1)

Special Education Today

12

(1)

Protection Against Discrimination

13

(2)

3. Who Receives Special Education?

15

(4)

Special Education's Categories

15

(4)

4. How Many Students Receive Special Education?

19

(2)

Steady Growth

19

(1)

Reasons for Growth

20

(1)

The Continuing Demand for Special Educators

20

(1)

5. How Are Students Identified for Special Education Services?

21

(4)

Accommodating Students With Exceptionalities in General Education Classrooms

21

(1)

The Special Education Process

22

(3)

Determining Eligibility

22

(1)

Delivering Special Instruction

22

(2)

Evaluating Progress

24

(1)

6. What Services Do Special Education Students Receive?

25

(2)

Direct Services

25

(1)

Indirect Services

26

(1)

Related Services

26

(1)

7. Where Are Students Taught?

27

(2)

Least Restrictive Environment

27

(2)

8. How Does Diversity Influence Special Education?

29

(4)

Diverse Students

29

(2)

Dropping Out

30

(1)

Drop-Out Rates of Students With Special Needs

31

(1)

Diverse Educational Settings

31

(1)

Variations by State

32

(1)

9. What About Students Who Are Gifted and Talented?

33

(4)

Intellectual Ability

34

(1)

Creative Ability

34

(1)

Specific Academic Ability

34

(1)

Leadership Ability

35

(1)

Ability in the Visual and Performing Arts

35

(1)

Identifying Gifts and Talents

35

(2)

10. Special Education in Perspective

37

(2)

11. What Have We Learned?

39

(6)

Key Points

39

(1)

Key Vocabulary

40

(5)

Self-Assessment 2

45

(4)

Answer Key for Self-Assessments

49

(2)

On Your Own

51

(2)

Resources

53

(4)

Books

53

(1)

Journals and Articles

54

(1)

Organizations

55

(2)

References

57

(2)

Index

59

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