Gender Differences at Critical Transitions in the Careers of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Faculty

by National Research Council (U. S.)

• ISBN13: 9780309114639
• ISBN10: 0309114632
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-09-01
• Publisher: Natl Academy Pr

Summary

Gender Differences at Critical Transitions in the Careers of Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Facultypresents new and surprising findings about career differences between female and male full-time, tenure-track, and tenured faculty in science, engineering, and mathematics at the nation's top research universities. Much of this congressionally mandated book is based on two unique surveys of faculty and departments at major U.S. research universities in six fields: biology, chemistry, civil engineering, electrical engineering, mathematics, and physics. A departmental survey collected information on departmental policies, recent tenure and promotion cases, and recent hires in almost 500 departments. A faculty survey gathered information from a stratified, random sample of about 1,800 faculty on demographic characteristics, employment experiences, the allocation of institutional resources such as laboratory space, professional activities, and scholarly productivity. This book paints a timely picture of the status of female faculty at top universities, clarifies whether male and female faculty have similar opportunities to advance and succeed in academia, challenges some commonly held views, and poses several questions still in need of answers. This book will be of special interest to university administrators and faculty, graduate students, policy makers, professional and academic societies, federal funding agencies, and others concerned with the vitality of the U.S. research base and economy.

Table of Contents

Summary
Introduction	p. 15
Why Disparities Matter	p. 16
The Committee's Charge	p. 19
Approach and Scope	p. 19
Outline of Report	p. 29
Status of Women in Academic Science and Engineering in 2004 and 2005	p. 31
Degrees Earned	p. 32
Faculty Representation	p. 33
Professional Activities and Climate	p. 36
Gender Differences in Academic Hiring	p. 39
The Hiring Process	p. 40
Applications for Faculty Positions	p. 43
Selection for Interviews for S&E Jobs	p. 50
Offers Made	p. 56
Hires	p. 59
Faculty Perspective on Hiring	p. 61
Institutional Policies for Increasing the Diversity of Applicant Pools	p. 61
Summary of Findings	p. 64
Professional Activities, Institutional Resources, Climate, and Outcomes	p. 70
Professional Activities	p. 73
Institutional Resources	p. 77
Climate	p. 84
Outcomes	p. 88
Summary of Findings	p. 110
Gender Differences in Tenure and Promotion	p. 116
Tenure and Promotion Processes	p. 118
Equity in Tenure and Promotion Decisions	p. 121
Tenure and Promotion Awards	p. 124
Time in Rank	p. 134
Summary of Findings	p. 148
Key Findings and Recommendations	p. 153
Appendixes
Biographical Information on Committee Members	p. 171
List of Research I Institutions	p. 178
Committee Meeting Agenda	p. 179
The Surveys	p. 181
Survey Instruments	p. 189
Departments in Survey	p. 216
Review of Literature and Relevant Research	p. 249
Previous Research on Factors Contributing to Gender Differences Among Faculty	p. 267
Review of Literature and Research on Factors Associated with a Higher Proportion of Female Applicants	p. 275
Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences for the Probability That There Are No Female Applicants	p. 284
Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences Based on the Modeled Probability of the Percentage of Applicants That Are Female	p. 285
Estimated Adjusted Mean Effects and Differences Based on the Modeled Probability of at Least One Female Candidate Interviewed	p. 287
Doctoral Degrees Awarded by All Doctoral-Granting Institutions, by Field, Gender, and Year	p. 289
Doctoral Degrees Awarded by Discipline and Gender for Research I Institutions, 1999-2003	p. 290
Marginal Mean and Variance of Transformed Response Variables	p. 291
Main Considerations for Taking a Position by Number of Respondents Saying ôYesö	p. 295
Distribution of Undergraduate Course Load for Faculty by Gender and Discipline	p. 296
Percentage of Faculty Members Who Do No Graduate Teaching	p. 298
Percentage of Faculty Members Receiving a Reduced Teaching Load When Hired	p. 299
Percentage of Faculty Members Who Served on an Undergraduate Thesis or Honors Committee	p. 300
Percentage of Faculty Members Who Served on and Chaired an Undergraduate Thesis or Honors Committee	p. 301
Distribution of Number of Graduate Thesis or Honors Committees for Research I Tenure and Tenure-Track Faculty	p. 302
Percentage of Time Spent in Administration or Committee Work on Campus and Service to the Profession Outside the University for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty at Research I Institutions	p. 303
Distribution of Number of Service Committees for Research I Tenure and Tenure-Track Faculty	p. 304
Mean Salary by Gender and Professorial Rank for Tenure and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions	p. 305
Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Summer Support	p. 306
Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Travel Funds	p. 307
Median Square Footage of Lab Space of Faculty Who Report Doing Experimental Work	p. 308
Faculty Who Have Received More Lab Space Since Hire	p. 309
Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Sufficient Equipment	p. 310
Number of Postdoctorate Students for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions	p. 311
Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions Receiving Sufficient Clerical Support	p. 312
Percentage of Faculty Members Stating That They Had a Mentor	p. 313
Distribution of the Number of Graduate Students for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions	p. 314
Mean Number of Articles Published in Refereed Journals Over the Past 3 Years for Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty in Research I Institutions	p. 315
Estimated Probability of Having Grant Funding by Discipline, Gender, and Whether the Faculty Member Has an Assigned Mentor-Assistant Professors Only	p. 316
Estimated Probability of Having Grant Funding by Discipline, Gender, and Whether the Faculty Member Has an Assigned Mentor-Associate Professors Only	p. 317
Percentage Faculty Missing Salary Data by Gender and Discipline	p. 318
Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty at Research I Institutions That Were Nominated for at Least One Award	p. 319
Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Research I Faculty with Offers to Leave	p. 320
Percentage of Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty at Research I Institutions Planning to Leave or Retire	p. 321
Knowledge of Tenure Procedures by Gender, Rank, and Presence of a Mentor	p. 322
Detailed Tenure Information from Departmental Survey	p. 324
Time Spent in Both Assistant and Associate Professorships	p. 325
Years Between Starting Employment and Achieving Associate Professor Status, by Gender	p. 326
Years Between Starting Employment and Achieving Full Professor Status, by Gender	p. 327
Patterns of Nonresponse for Tenure Decisions	p. 328
Patterns of Nonresponse for Promotion Decisions	p. 329
Bibliography	p. 330
Index	p. 353
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