Gender Diversity

by Nanda, Serena

• ISBN13: 9781577660743
• ISBN10: 1577660749
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-10-01
• Publisher: Waveland Pr Inc

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Introduction	1	(1)
Some Basic Definitions	2	(2)
Social Attitudes toward Sex/Gender Diversity	4	(1)
Sexuality and Gender Diversity	5	(1)
Globalization and Gender Diversity	6	(1)
Female Gender Diversity	7	(1)
Book Outline	8	(1)
Anthropology and Cultural Difference	9	(2)
Multiple Genders among North American Indians	11	(16)
Distribution and Characteristics of Variant Sex/Gender Roles	13	(1)
Transvestism	14	(1)
Occupation	15	(2)
Gender Variance and Sexuality	17	(1)
Biological Sex and Gender Transformations	18	(1)
Sacred Power	19	(2)
The Alyha: A Male Gender Variant Role among the Mohave	21	(2)
Female Gender Variants	23	(4)
Hijra and Sadhin: Neither Man nor Woman in India	27	(16)
The Religious Context of Gender Diversity	28	(1)
Hijras as Not-Men	29	(1)
Hijras as Women and Not-Women	30	(1)
Religious Identifications	31	(2)
Hijras as Ascetics	33	(1)
Ritual Roles and Social Acceptance	34	(2)
Hijra Sexuality	36	(1)
Social Structure of the Hijra Community	37	(3)
The Sadhin: A Female Gender Variant	40	(3)
Men and Not-Men: Sexuality and Gender in Brazil	43	(14)
Gender Diversity: Travestis, Bichas, and Viados	45	(3)
Men and Not-Men: the Brazilian Binary	48	(1)
Attitudes toward Gender Diversity	49	(1)
Afro-Brazilian Religion	50	(2)
Links between Candomble and Gender Diversity	52	(2)
Penetration, Possession Trance, and Gender Diversity in Candomble	54	(1)
Changing Sex/Gender Ideologies	55	(2)
Liminal Gender Roles in Polynesia	57	(14)
Gender Liminal Male Roles	58	(3)
Historical Contexts	61	(2)
Appropriations of the Feminine	63	(1)
Sexuality and Gender Liminality	64	(2)
Sexuality and Social Status	66	(2)
Performing Gender Diversity	68	(2)
Gender Liminality and the Polynesian Concept of the Person	70	(1)
Transgendered Males in Thailand and the Philippines	71	(16)
The Kathoey of Thailand	72	(2)
Homoeroticism in Thai Culture	74	(1)
Transformations in Traditional Sex/Gender Ideology	75	(2)
Social Attitudes toward the Kathoey	77	(1)
Sex/Gender Diversity in the Philippines	78	(2)
Contemporary Constructions of Gender Diversity: Transgendered Male Homosexuality	80	(1)
A Woman's Heart in a Man's Body	80	(1)
Bakla Sexual Relationships	81	(2)
The Association of Transgendered Males with Beauty	83	(1)
Transvestite Beauty Contests	83	(4)
Sex/Gender Diversity in Euro-American Cultures	87	(14)
Transvestite Female Saints	90	(2)
The Sworn Virgin of the Balkans	92	(2)
Transsexualism	94	(3)
Transgenderism	97	(2)
Intersexuality	99	(2)
Variations on a Theme	101	(6)
Criteria for Constructing Sex/Gender Variation	101	(1)
Varying Degrees of Institutionalization	102	(1)
Variation in Public Recognition of Sex/Gender Transformations	103	(1)
Explaining Sex/Gender Diversity	104	(1)
Male and Female Gender Diversity	105	(1)
The Functions, Roles, and Significance of Sex/Gender Diversity	105	(2)
Glossary	107	(2)
References	109	(8)
Selected Films	117	(2)
Index	119