Gender, Race and Class in Media

by Dines, Gail; Humez, Jean McMahon; Dines, Gail; Humez, Jean McMahon

• ISBN13: 9780803951648
• ISBN10: 0803951647
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1994-12-01
• Publisher: Sage Pubns

Summary

This text introduces students to contemporary media scholarship in an accessible way that builds upon students' own media experiences and interests, analyzing popular genres such as soaps, talk shows, music, pornography, made-for-TV movies, advertising and romance novels. The introduction delineates the major paradigms in media studies today from a critical//cultural perspective. It outlines the book's integrated approach to media studies which incorporates three distinct but related areas of investigation: political economy of production, textual analysis and audience response//resistance. The introductions to the parts provide a framework for understanding and analyzing how gender, race and class are structural and experiential categories that inform the production, construction and consumption of media representations. The readings by distinguished contributors are drawn from original essays and influential, previously published articles. They provide a framework for understanding and analyzing how gender, race and class are structural and experiential categories that inform the production, construction and consumption of media representations.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	xv
Preface: Goals and Assumptions of This Reader	xvii
PART I: A Cultural Studies Approach to Gender, Race and Class in the Media	1	(70)
Introduction
Cultural Studies Multiculturalism and Media Culture	5	(13)
Douglas Kellner
Ideology and Race
The Whites of Their Eyes: Racist Ideologies and the Media	18	(5)
Stuart Hall
Representation and the Social Construction of Race
White Negroes	23	(5)
Jan Nederveen Pieterse
Race, Gender and Textual Analysis
Madonna: Plantation Mistress or Soul Sister?	28	(5)
Bell Hooks
History of Racism in Media Representation and Ownership
The Visibility of Race and Media History	33	(7)
Jane Rhodes
Defining the Working Class
The Silenced Majority: Why the Average Working Person Has Disappeared From American Media and Culture	40	(3)
Barbara Ehrenreich
Social Class, Television and the Consumer
The Meaning of Memory: Family and Ethnicity in Early Network Television	43	(9)
George Lipsitz
Encoding/Decoding Model and Race
The Color Purple: Black Women as Cultural Readers	52	(9)
Jacqueline Bobo
Symbolic Annihilation and Gays and Lesbians as Audiences
Out of the Mainstream: Sexual Minorities and the Mass Media	61	(10)
Larry Gross
PART II: Advertising	71	(90)
Consumer Culture and the Image
Image-Based Culture: Advertising and Popular Culture	77	(11)
Sut Jhally
Selling the Female Audience to Advertisers
Constructing and Addressing the Audience as Commodity	88	(5)
Robert Goldman
African American Ownership in the Advertising Industry
The Black Experience in Advertising: An Interview With Thomas J. Burrell	93	(6)
Marsha Cassidy
Richard Katula
Racist ``Stereotyping'' in Television Advertisements
Different Children, Different Dreams: Racial Representation in Advertising	99	(10)
Ellen Seiter
Targeting African Americans
Separate, But Not Equal: Racial Segmentation in Cigarette Advertising	109	(3)
Richard W Pollay
Jung S. Lee
David Carter-Whitney
Advertising and the Corporate Control of Women's Magazines
Sex, Lies and Advertising	112	(9)
Gloria Steinem
Images of Femininity in Advertising
Beauty and the Beast of Advertising	121	(5)
Jean Kilbourne
Textual Analysis of Advertisements
Reading Images Critically: Toward a Postmodern Pedagogy	126	(7)
Douglas Kellner
Representations of Masculinity in Advertising
Advertising and the Construction of Violent White Masculinity	133	(9)
Jackson Katz
Targeting the Gay and Lesbian Reader and Consumer
Commodity Lesbianism	142	(10)
Danae Clark
Selling to the Working-Class Home TV Viewer
Watching the Girls Go Buy: Shop-at-Home Television	152	(9)
Mimi White
PART III: Modes of Sexual Representation 1--- Romance Novels and Slasher Films	161	(68)
Textual Analysis of Slasher Movies
Her Body, Himself: Gender in the Slasher Film	169	(16)
Carol J. Clover
Public Concern Over Slasher Movies
Do Slasher Films Breed Real-Life Violence?	185	(5)
Alison Bass
Textual Analysis of Romance Novels
Mass Market Romance: Pornography for Women Is Different	190	(12)
Ann Barr Snitow
Reader Reception of Romance Novels
Women Read the Romance: The Interaction of Text and Context	202	(13)
Janice A. Radway
The Romance Novel Formula Explained to Would-Be Writers
The Traditional Romance Formula	215	(8)
Marilyn M. Lowery
The Working Conditions of Harlequin Romance Writers
What's in a Pseudonym: Romance Slaves of Harlequin	223	(6)
Richard Pollak
PART IV: Modes of Sexual Representation 2---Pornography	229	(90)
Radical Feminist Analysis of Pornography
Pornography and Male Supremacy	237	(7)
Andrea Dworkin
The Anti-Anti-Pornography Position
Misguided, Dangerous and Wrong: An Analysis of Anti-Pornography Politics	244	(10)
Gayle Rubin
Cultural Production and Pornography
``I Buy It for the Articles'': Playboy Magazine and the Sexualization of Consumerism	254	(9)
Gail Dines
Reading Images of Women's Bodies in Advertising and Pornography
Towards a Feminist Erotica	263	(8)
Kathy Myers
Deconstructing the Pornographic Text (Still Photos)
Lawless Seeing	271	(8)
Annette Kuhn
Pornography and the Construction of African-American Femininity
Pornography and Black Women's Bodies	279	(8)
Patricia Hill Collins
A Content Analysis of Pornographic Books and Videos
Racism in Pornography	287	(11)
Alice Mayall
Diana E. H. Russell
A New Look at Effects Research
Pornography and the Limits of Experimental Research	298	(9)
Robert Jensen
Pornography: A Consumer's Testimony
Confessions of a Feminist Porn Watcher	307	(7)
Scott Macdonald
Pornography: An Anti-Pornography Activist's Testimony
Surviving Commercial Sexual Exploitation	314	(5)
Evelina Globbe
PART V: TV by Day	319	(76)
Feminist Critique of Soap Operas
Daze of Our Lives: The Soap Opera as Feminine Text	325	(7)
Deborah D. Rogers
Reading Race, Sexuality, and Class in Soap Operas
Race, Sexuality and Class in Soapland	332	(8)
Kareen Lindsey
Gender and Television Genres: Soap Opera as Feminine TV
Gendered Television: Femininity	340	(8)
John Fiske
Textual Analysis of Soaps
The Search for Tomorrow in Today's Soap Operas	348	(7)
Tania Modleski
Audience-Based Research on Soaps
Women Watching Together: An Ethnographic Study of Korean Soap Opera Fans in the United States	355	(7)
Minu Lee
Chong Heup Cho
Family Viewing TV Research
Home, Home on the Remote: Does Fascination with TV Technology Create Male-Dominated Family Entertainment?	362	(5)
Reading Geraldo
Constellation of Voices: How Talkshows Work	367	(10)
Wayne Munson
Textual Analysis of the Afternoon Talk Show
Daytime Inquiries	377	(6)
Elayne Rapping
Reading an African American Secondary Text of Soap Operas
His Name Was Not on the List: The Soap Opera Updates of Ti-Rone as Resistance to Symbolic Annihilation	383	(12)
Gloria Abernathy-Lear
PART VI: TV by Night	395	(84)
Television Production and Social Class
Ralph, Fred, Archie and Homer: Why Television Keeps Recreating the White Male Working-Class Buffoon	403	(10)
Richard Butsch
Race and Audience Reception
Is This What You Mean by Color TV? Race, Gender, and Contested Meanings in NBC's Julia	413	(11)
Aniko Bodroghozy
Representation of African American Women on Television
Television's Realist Portrayal of African-American Women and the Case of L. A. Law	424	(6)
Jane Rhodes
Representation of African American Men on Television
Television, Black Americans and the American Dream	430	(8)
Herman Gray
Race and the Potential Polysemic Text
Laughing Across the Color Barrier: In Living Color	438	(7)
Norma Miriam Schulman
Women as a Target Audience for Social Issue Drama
The Movie of the Week	445	(9)
Elayne Rapping
The Politics of Production and Gender as an Unstable Category
Defining Women: The Case of Cagney and Lacey	454	(15)
Julie D'Acci
Reading a TV Sitcom as Feminist Text
Subversive Sitcoms: Roseanne as Inspiration for Feminist Resistance	469	(7)
Janet Lee
A Lesbian Reads a Family Sitcom
Confessions of a Sitcom Junkie	476	(3)
Sarah Schuyler
PART VII: Music Videos And Rap Music: Cultural Conflict and Control in the Age of the Image	479	(66)
MTV and the Dominance of the Image
A Post-Modernist Moment: 1980s Commercial Culture and the Founding of MTV	488	(11)
John Pettegrew
Textual Analysis of Music Videos
Form and Female Authorship in Music Video	499	(9)
Lis A. Lewis
Audience Reading Madonna Videos
The Effects of Race, Gender, and Fandom on Audience Interpretations of Madonna's Music Videos	508	(10)
Jane D. Brown
Laurie Schulze
Locating Rap Music in African American Culture
Reconstructions of Nationalist Thought in Black Music and Culture	518	(6)
Kristal Brent Zook
Feminist Voices in Hip-Hop
It's My Thang and I'll Swing It the Way That I Feel! Sexuality and Black Women Rappers	524	(7)
Imani Perry
``Policing'' Rap Music and Its Audiences
``Fear of a Black Planet'': Rap Music and Black Cultural Politics in the 1990s	531	(9)
Tricia Rose
White Appropriation of African American Hip-Hop
Imitation of Life	540	(5)
James Ledbetter
AFTERWORD: Media Activism	545	(13)
Television Violence: The Power and the Peril	547	(11)
George Gerbner
Resources for Media Activism	558	(9)
Glossary	567	(9)
Bibliography	576	(45)
Author Index	621	(6)
Subject Index	627	(14)
Notes on the Contributors	641