Summary

This exciting new text for courses in the sociology of gender brings together the multiple strands of gender and associated research reaching from local and everyday manifestations of masculinity and femininity to the gendered global forces that lie beneath today's political and social crises.To do so, each chapter builds upon four principles:*Theory and empirical data are woven together throughout each chapter, rather than relegating theories of gender into a separate, single chapter. The book gathers together much of the empirical scholarship-mainly sociological, but also interdisciplinary-that has accumulated around a long list ofsubstantive areas. Students will learn about the mass of research on violence, families, media, sports, politics, sexuality, religion, education, and bodies that ground knowledge about gender relations and structures of gender. *The authors connect local events with large-scale organizations, institutions, and global phenomena to show how power operates at the narrowest and at the broadest levels of society and how the two levels are connected. They offer both social constructionist and social structural approaches toexplain the production of inequality in face-to-face interaction within constraining institutional structures. They ask how the gendered features of our everyday lives are given life and shape by the larger institutional and organizational structures which contain them and how, in turn, we act backon those forces, shaping new forms of gendered relationships, remaking gendered worlds, and perhaps even eliminating gendered differences. *Coverage is focused on gender and gendered relationships between men and women. The authors have taken special care to make sure that readers are provided with evidence and ways of understanding how gender touches everyone's lives: both men and women. *Finally, this book takes seriously the understanding that there are important differences among women and among men. The "intersectionality" that differentially locates individuals and groups in what black feminist theorist Patricia Hill Collins called a "matrix of domination" (Collins 2000) is acore feature of each chapter. There is no way to understand gender inequality as a thing in itself, as a phenomenon that can be separated from the multiple cross-cutting inequalities of class, race, sexuality, and nation. The theory of intersectionality and the matrix of domination are conceptsthat help to show how race ethnicity, class, sexuality, and national identity shape gender identities and experiences and how gender differences contribute to differences in the impact of racial ethnic, sexual, class, and national experience.

Author Biography

Judy Root Aulette is Associate Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies at the University of North Carolina-Charlotte.
Judith Wittner is Professor of Sociology at Loyola University, Chicago.
Kristin Blakely received her PhD in Sociology at Loyola University, Chicago, in 2008.

Introduction
A Few More Inconvenient Truths
Some Ground Rules for Studying Gender
Overarching Theory of Intersectionality
Hegemonic Masculinities and Emphasized Femininities
Making History
Feminist Scholars Seeking Answers
Three Waves
Problems with the Three Waves
African Feminism
Plan of the Book
Bodies and Genders
The Standard Story
The Interplay of Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
Chromosomes, Hormones, and Genes
Sexed Bodies in Other Times and Other Places: Believing is Seeing
How Many Genders are There? The Evidence from Other Cultures
Sexuality and Sexual Orientation: The Gendering of Desire
The Basis of Sexuality is Not "Either-Or", but "Both-And"
Bodies are Produced within Society
Sexuality is Socially Scripted
Erotic Relations are Historical Relations
Sexuality is Racialized, Race is Sexualized
Intersex
Embodiment and Intersexuality
A Brief History of Intersex
Intersex as Lived Reality
Intersex Activism Takes off
Intersex as a Human Rights Issue
Concluding Thoughts
Socialization
The Gender Lenses of Androcentrism, Gender Polarization, and Essentialism
Individual Level Theories: Social Roles and Social Learning
The Interactionist Theory of Gender: Gender as a Course of Action
Doing Gender
Props and Resources for Doing Gender
Gender Structures: Rosabeth Moss Kanter
Opportunity Structures
Power Structures
Relative Numbers
Gendered Organizations
Gendered Institutions
Sexuality
Sex and the City
Comparing Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors around the Globe
Changing Attitudes toward Sexuality in the U.S.Orgasm and Sexual Politics
Masturbation
The Racial Subtext of the Double Standard
Racialized Images of Women''s Sexuality
Sex Tourism
What is Your Sexuality?
Lesbian or Bisexual Chic
Competing Perspectives on Gendered Sexuality
Sexual Scripts
Violent Scripts
Resistance Scripts of The Vagina Monologues
Queer Theory
Homophobia
Heterosexism
Sex for Sale
Pornography
Gendered Porn
Feminist Censorship Debate
Prostitution
Legal Prostitution
Feminist Prostitution Debate
Sex Trafficking
Sexual Rights
Education
Elementary School Snapshots
Gender in the K-12 Classroom
What Difference Does Differential Treatment in Schools Make?
Taming Warriors in the Kindergarten Classroom
Medicalizing and Medicating Boys in Schools
Teaching Materials
High School
Math and Science and Gender
Vocational Education
Title IX, No Child Left Behind, and Single Sex Schools
SAT Scores
International Comparisons on Standardized Tests
Higher Education and Gender
What about the Boys?
Global Rates of Illiteracy
Unexpected Connections between Water and Education
Gender and Teachers
Evaluating Professors
The Correspondence Principle
Work
Wal-Mart
Paid Work
Who is in the Paid Workplace?
Equal Pay?
The Glass Ceiling
The Glass Escalator
Emotional Labor
Why is There a Wage Gap between Women and Men?
Discrimination
Subtle Tactics
Human Capital Theory
Social Structural Explanations of Pay Gap
Climbing the Ladder of Success
Bringing Politics into the Picture
How Can the Gender Gap in Promotion be Closed?
Comparable Worth
Success Stories of African American Women and the Importance of Families
Success Stories in Engineering
Retirement
When Work Disappears: Masculinity and Homeless Men
Feminization of Poverty
Unpaid Work through the Life Cycle
Why is Women''s Work Invisible?
Children and Housework
What''s behind the Way People Divide up Housework?
Socialization
Rational Choice Theory
Feminist Theory
Globalization and Gender: WID, WAD, and GAD
Families
Customary Marriage Laws
Marriage
Marriage as a Legal Contract and the Challenge of Gay Rights Activists
History of Marriage in the U.S
Marriage Promotion in the U.S
Love and Marriage
Widowhood
Parenting and Caregiving
Motherhood Mystique
Work and Family in Latino and African American Families
Working Mothers and the Mommy Wars
Welfare Mothers
Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF)
Parenting by Fathers
Men Balancing Work and Family
The Fatherhood Responsibility Movement
Biology and Parenting
Another Kind of Family Caregiving
Gendered Styles of Care Work
Grandparents and Care Work
Balancing Work and Family
International Comparisons on F
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