Genetically Modified Organisms: Transgenesis in Plants

by Tourte,Yves

• ISBN13: 9781578082605
• ISBN10: 1578082609
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

This work reviews the theoretical and historical basis of genetic engineering, particularly in regard to genetically modified plants, and details techniques of creating genetically modified organisms. It describes research programs and results in areas such as agro-food, health, and the environment, and examines practical, legal, and ethical questions posed by society and the responses of scientists, legislators, and industry. B&W photographs of equipments are given.

Author Biography

Yves Tourte is Professor of Biology at the University of Poitiers and Charge de Cours at The Institut Catholique d'Enseignement Superieur (Vendee).

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Introduction	1	(14)
Genetically modified organisms	1	(2)
A brief history	3	(12)
The first recombinant DNA	4	(1)
Restriction endonucleases	5	(1)
Plasmid pUC 18	6	(1)
PCR: Polymerase chain reaction	7	(3)
Bacterial transduction by a phage	10	(1)
Crown gall disease	11	(4)
Techniques of Creating GMOs	15	(38)
Isolation of a functional gene	15	(14)
Genome and genetic information	15	(1)
DNA molecule and replication	16	(1)
Comparison of organization of genomes in the prokaryote and eukaryote cell	17	(1)
Genes	18	(1)
The gene and its expression	19	(2)
DNA libraries	21	(1)
Extraction of plasmid DNA	22	(2)
Creation of a genomic DNA library	24	(1)
Creation of a cDNA library	25	(2)
Searching for a gene in a library	27	(1)
Gene disruption by random DNA insertion	27	(2)
Construction of chimeric genes and selectable marker genes	29	(2)
Transfer, expression and selection vectors	29	(2)
Operations of gene transfer	31	(17)
In unicellular organisms	32	(1)
In animals	32	(1)
In plants	32	(3)
Transgenesis by cointegration	35	(1)
Binary vector	36	(2)
Derivatives of plasmid pBR322	38	(1)
Antisense vector	39	(1)
Microinjection of DNA in plant protoplasts	40	(1)
Electrofusion	41	(1)
Liposome technique	42	(2)
Biolistics	44	(3)
A manipulation of genetic transformation in tobacco	47	(1)
Essential controls	48	(3)
PCR technique	49	(1)
Northern blot technique	50	(1)
Stability, heritability and dispersal of the transgene	51	(2)
Research Programmes and Results	53	(30)
Objectives of research programmes	53	(4)
Overall objectives	53	(1)
In microorganisms	54	(1)
In plants	55	(1)
A small Brassicaceae	56	(1)
Achievements in fundamental research	57	(1)
Achievements in applied research	58	(25)
Agronomy	59	(1)
Creating a haplodiploid	59	(2)
Backcrosses and transgenesis	61	(2)
Creating a Bt maize	63	(2)
Natural defence in plants	65	(2)
Acquisition of virus resistance by transgenesis	67	(2)
Growth and development of plants	69	(1)
Biosynthesis of isoprenoid hormones	70	(2)
Control of seed germination and the ``terminator'' gene	72	(1)
Transgenic plant with controlled germination	73	(1)
Improvement of nutritional quality of food crops	74	(1)
Horticulture and ornamental plants	75	(2)
Quality of industrial plants	77	(1)
Pharmaceuticals and parapharmaceuticals	78	(1)
Molecules of therapeutic value produced from transgenic plants	79	(1)
Human haemoglobin	80	(1)
GM plants and environmental management	81	(2)
GMOs: Concerns and Remedies	83	(18)
Questions raised by the existence of GMOs	83	(8)
We have not had enough time to evaluate GMOs	84	(1)
GMOs have arrived at an inopportune time	84	(1)
GMOs and their derivatives are difficult to detect	85	(1)
The risk of transmission of the transgene by ingestion	86	(1)
The risk of dispersal of transgenes	87	(1)
Genes for antibiotic resistance	88	(1)
Inefficacy of transgenes in the face of appearance of resistance	89	(1)
Multinationals and farmers	90	(1)
Can GMOs be created clandestinely?	90	(1)
Response of society: regulatory and judicial framework for GMOs	91	(5)
CGG and CGB	92	(2)
Obtaining authorization	94	(1)
Food products of transgenic origin	95	(1)
Conclusion: What is the future of GMOs?	96	(5)
Glossary	101	(8)
Bibliography	109	(2)
General references	109	(1)
Popular journals	109	(1)
Specialized references	110	(1)
Index	111