Genetically Modified Pest-Protected Plants : Science and Regulation

• ISBN13: 9780309069304
• ISBN10: 0309069300
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-04-01
• Publisher: Natl Academy Pr

Summary

This book explores the risks and benefits of crops that are genetically modified for pest resistance, the urgency of establishing an appropriate regulatory framework for these products, and the importance of public understanding of the issues. The committee critically reviews federal policies toward transgenic products, the 1986 coordinated framework among the key federal agencies in the field, and rules proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency for regulation of plant pesticides. This book provides detailed analyses of: Mechanisms and results of genetic engineering compared to conventional breeding for pest resistance. Review of scientific issues associated with transgenic pest-protected plants, such as allergenicity, impact on nontarget plants, evolution of the pest species, and other concerns. Overview of regulatory framework and its use of scientific information with suggestions for improvements.

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY	1	(182)
Purpose and Scope of This Study	1	(2)
Future Studies and Limitations of the Current Study	3	(1)
Report Terminology	4	(1)
Review of the 1987 National Academy of Sciences Principles	5	(1)
Potential Health and Ecological Impacts and Research Needs	6	(4)
The Coordinated Framework for Regulation	10	(5)
Operational Aspects and Impacts of the Coordinated Framework	15	(3)
Striving for the Ideal Regulatory Framework	18	(1)
Introduction and Background	19	(21)
The Importance of Crop Protection	19	(1)
Diverse Genetic Modification Methods	20	(2)
History and Impact of Breeding Methods	22	(1)
Emergence of Recombinant DNA and Overview of Transgenic Pest-Protected Plants	23	(5)
Agency Policies Regarding Commercialization of Transgenic Pest-Protected Plants	28	(6)
Public Concerns and Issues	34	(4)
Role of This Report	38	(2)
Potential Environmental and Human Health Implications of Pest-Protected Plants	40	(67)
Risk Assessment and Pest-Protected Plants	40	(2)
Review of Previous National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council Reports	42	(4)
Forms and Mechanisms of Genetically Controlled Pest-Protection	46	(8)
Potential Health Effects of Diverse Gene Products and Breeding Methods	54	(8)
Potential Human Health Effects	62	(11)
Potential Effects on Nontarget Organisms	73	(7)
Gene Flow from Transgenic Pest-Protected Plants	80	(13)
Agronomic Risks Associated With Virus-Resistant Crops	93	(2)
Pest Resistance to Pest-Protected Plants and Resistance Management	95	(7)
Recommendations	102	(5)
Crossroads of Science and Oversight	107	(37)
Case Studies of Pest-Protected Crops and Their Oversight	109	(17)
Analysis of the 1994 and 1997 Proposed Environmental Protection Agency Rules for Plant-Pesticides	126	(9)
Suggested Questions for Oversight	135	(4)
Research Needs	139	(3)
Recommendations	142	(2)
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Current Regulatory Framework	144	(38)
Overview of the Regulation of Plant Products Under the Coordinated Framework	144	(7)
Evaluation of the Environmental Protection Agency's Regulation of Pesticidal Substances in Plants Under the 1994 Proposed Rule	151	(4)
Evaluation of the Regulation of Transgenic Pest-Protected Plants under the Multiagency Approach of the Coordinated Framework	155	(23)
Impacts of the Coordinated Framework	178	(1)
Recommendations	179	(3)
REFERENCES	182	(73)
APPENDIXES
A Costs of Regulating Transgenic Pest-Protected Plants	211	(27)
B Example of Data Submitted to Federal Agencies	238	(3)
C Committee on Genetically Modified Pest-Protected Plants Public Workshop	241	(5)
D Acronyms	246	(1)
E Scientific And Common Names	247	(2)
F Committee and Staff Biographical Information	249	(6)
Index	255