Genetics of Mental Disorders What Practitioners and Students Need to Know

by Faraone, Stephen V.; Tsuang, Ming T.; Tsuang, Debby W.

• ISBN13: 9781572307391
• ISBN10: 1572307390
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-12-14
• Publisher: The Guilford Press

Summary

This book provides a comprehensive and readable primer on the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in mental disorders. Rendering technical concepts accessible, and laying to rest common myths and oversimplifications, the book describes what (and how) scientists have learned about the causation and expression of such frequently encountered disorders as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and Alzheimer disease. Clinicians and students gain the basic knowledge they need to evaluate the literature in this rapidly developing field, understand implications for treatment, and communicate genetic information to clients and families. Throughout, special attention is given to the critical ethical and professional concerns raised by emerging technologies.

Table of Contents

Figures and Tables	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
What Is Psychiatric Genetics	p. 2
Clinical Uses of Psychiatric Genetics	p. 4
Genes, Environment, and the Genesis of Psychopathology	p. 7
The Chain of Psychiatric Genetic Research	p. 11
The Basics: Epidemiologic Foundations of Psychiatric Genetics	p. 15
Is a Disorder Familial?: The Case-Control Family Study	p. 16
Evaluating Family Studies	p. 21
Is the Disorder Genetic?: Twin Studies	p. 29
Partitioning Genetic and Environmental Sources of Illness	p. 32
Evaluating Twin Studies	p. 37
Is the Disorder Genetic?: Adoption Studies	p. 39
Evaluating Adoption Studies	p. 42
Summary: Epidemiologic Foundations of Psychiatric Genetics	p. 43
Variations on a Theme: Causal and Clinical Heterogeneity	p. 46
Can We Define Genetic and Nongenetic Subtypes?	p. 50
Are There Genetic Variants of the Disorder?	p. 55
How Do We Identify Genetic Spectrum Disorders?	p. 58
Spectrum Conditions for Other Disorders	p. 61
What Are the Neurobiologic Correlates of Genetic Predisposition?	p. 63
Do Two or More Disorders Share Familial Causal Factors?	p. 70
Why Do Two Disorder Co-Occur	p. 74
How Do We Show Developmental Continuity Between Disorders of Children and Adults?	p. 89
Mathematical Models of Inheritance	p. 93
Modes of Genetic Transmission	p. 94
Single-Gene Inheritance	p. 94
Oligogenic Inheritance	p. 100
Multifactoral Polygenic Inheritance	p. 101
Segregation Analysis: Determining the Mode of Transmission	p. 106
Overview of Mathematical Modeling	p. 107
Path Analysis	p. 109
Obstacles to Establishing the Mode of Inheritance	p. 112
Molecular Genetics and Mental Illness	p. 115
Biologic Background	p. 117
DNA Markers for Linkage Analysis	p. 124
Statistical Methods for Linkage Analysis	p. 126
The Affected Pedigree Member Method of Linkage Analysis	p. 129
The Lod Score Method of Linkage Analysis	p. 131
Guidelines for Interpreting Linkage Results	p. 133
Examples of Linkage Analysis	p. 134
Association Studies	p. 136
Population-Based Association Studies	p. 136
Family-Based Association Studies	p. 140
The Search for Disease Mechanisms	p. 143
Finding Mutations That Cause Disease	p. 143
Types of Mutations	p. 144
Cytogenetic Abnormalities and Psychiatric Disorders	p. 146
Animal Models of Human Disorders	p. 152
Disease Genes and Environmental Mechanisms	p. 155
Clinical Applications of Psychiatric Genetics	p. 159
Genetic Counselling for Psychiatric Disorders	p. 160
Stages of Genetic Counseling	p. 160
A Case Study	p. 183
Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment	p. 188
Family-Based Diagnosis	p. 188
Fighting Therapeutic Nihilism	p. 191
Facilitating Treatment	p. 193
The Future of Psychiatric Genetics	p. 196
The Promise of New Technologies	p. 197
Molecular Genetics: The Human Genome Project	p. 197
A Clinical Nosology for Psychiatric Genetics	p. 199
The Future of Predictive Genetic Testing	p. 206
Presymptomatic Genetic Testing	p. 206
Lessons from Predictive Testing in Huntington Disease	p. 209
The Future of Mental Health Treatment	p. 213
Early Identification and Prevention of Disorders	p. 213
Medical Interventions for Genetic Defects	p. 219
Ethical Issues for the Science and Practice of Psychiatric Genetics	p. 222
The Shadow of Eugenics	p. 222
Ethical Issues for Genetic Testing	p. 225
Informed Consent: The Cornerstone of Ethical Research and Practice	p. 231
Ethical Issues for Gene Therapy	p. 231
Glossary	p. 235
Readings in Psychiatric Genetics	p. 247
Internet Resources for Psyciatric Genetics	p. 257
Index	p. 260
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