Geo-Spatial Technologies in Urban Environments

by Jensen, Ryan R.; Gatrell, Jay D.; McLean, Daniel D.

• ISBN13: 9783540222637
• ISBN10: 3540222634
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-01-13
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

The purpose of this book is to investigate and develop alternate methodological approaches to understand urban environments and urban change. In particular, the study demonstrates the application of remote-sensing data and geographic information systems to the exploration of issues often ignored by the mainstream community of geo-technical specialists such as urban forestry, urban traffic, migration or quality of life in urban areas. Case studies show how disciplines like environmental science and planning, sociology, landscape ecology and architecture, regional science and policy design, and assessment can benefit from employing remote-sensing data and GIS.

Author Biography

Daniel D. McLean is Professor and Chair of Indiana State University's Department of Sport and Recreation Management.

Table of Contents

Applying Geospatial Technologies in Urban Environments	1	(4)
Ryan R. Jensen
Jay D. Gatrell
Daniel D. McLean
About this book	1	(1)
Chapters	2	(3)
References	4	(1)
Remote Sensing of Impervious Surfaces and Building Infrastructure	5	(18)
John R. Jensen
Michael E. Hodgson
Jason A. Tullis
George T. Raber
Introduction	5	(1)
Conventional Methods	6	(1)
Remote Sensing Process	6	(14)
Analog and Digital Aerial Photography	7	(1)
Satellite Imagery	7	(2)
Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar)	9	(1)
Case Study 1 -- Extraction of Impervious Surfaces	10	(5)
Case Study 2 -- Extraction of Building Infrastructure	15	(5)
Conclusion	20	(3)
References	20	(3)
Policy Implications of Remote Sensing in Understanding Urban Environments: Developing a Wetlands Inventory for Community Decision-Making in Lucas County, Ohio	23	(14)
Patrick L. Lawrence
Kevin Czajowski
Nathan Torbick
Wetlands	24	(1)
Study Area	25	(2)
Background	27	(3)
Analysis	30	(4)
Data Preprocessing	30	(1)
Classification	31	(1)
Results	32	(2)
Conclusions	34	(1)
Acknowledgements	35	(2)
References	35	(2)
Making Spatial Data Usable to the General Public: a Case Study in Tax Mapping	37	(10)
Daniel R. Morgan
Ryan R. Jensen
Daniel D. McLean
Background	37	(2)
GIS and Public Access to Tax Data	39	(1)
Organizing GIS Data Layers	39	(1)
Creation of the Tax Map Public Access Website	40	(3)
Implementation of the Website	43	(1)
Discussion	44	(1)
Conclusion	44	(3)
References	46	(1)
Modeling Human-Environment Interactions with the Expansion Method	47	(8)
Jay D. Gatrell
The Expansion Method	47	(1)
Making Sense of the Local: The Use of the Expansion Method to Assess and Explore Contingency	48	(2)
Human & Physical Applications: Combination	50	(1)
Rationale for Adopting Casetti to Model Human-Environment Interaction	51	(1)
Conclusion	51	(4)
References	53	(2)
The Relationship Between Urban Leaf Area and Summertime Household Energy Usage	55	(8)
Ryan R. Jensen
James R. Boulton
Bruce T. Harper
Introduction	55	(1)
Methods	56	(3)
Study Area	56	(1)
LAI Field Measurements	56	(2)
Satellite Imagery	58	(1)
LAI Model	58	(1)
Household Energy	59	(1)
Results	59	(1)
Discussion	60	(3)
Acknowledgement	61	(1)
Bibliography	61	(2)
The Urban Environment, Socioeconomic Conditions, and Quality of Life: An Alternative Framework for Understanding and Assessing Environmental Justice	63	(10)
Ryan R. Jensen
Jay D. Gatrell
James R. Boulton
Bruce T. Harper
Introduction	63	(3)
Urban Forestry	64	(1)
Environmental Justice	65	(1)
Methods	66	(3)
Study Area	66	(1)
Socioeconomic Variables	67	(1)
Leaf Area Index	67	(1)
The models	68	(1)
Results	69	(1)
Discussion	70	(3)
References	70	(3)
Image Homogeneity and Urban Demographics: An Integrated Approach to Geo-Techniques	73	(8)
Ryan R. Jensen
Jay D. Gatrell
Image Texture	73	(1)
Methods	74	(2)
Study Area	74	(1)
Remote Sensing Data	74	(1)
Census Block Groups	75	(1)
Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix	75	(1)
Results	76	(2)
Discussion	78	(3)
References	79	(2)
Local Government Perceptions of Urban Foresty	81	(10)
Daniel D. McLean
Ryan R. Jensen
Paul M. Hightower
Sister Alma M. Anderson
Composition and Size of the Urban Forest	83	(1)
Policy Learning	83	(1)
The Political Leader's View of the Urban Forest	84	(5)
Knowledge, the Relationship Model, Understanding and Closing the Gap in Local Government Perceptions of the Urban Forest	89	(2)
References	89	(2)
Satellite Remote Sensing of Urban Heat Islands: Current Practice and Prospects	91	(22)
Qihao Weng
Robert Larson
Current Practice in Remote Sensing of UHIs	92	(1)
Basic Theory of Thermal Remote Sensing of LST	93	(4)
Retrieval of LST	93	(1)
Emissivity	94	(1)
Fractional Vegetation Cover	95	(1)
Thermal Properties and Moisture Content of the Soil	95	(1)
Relations of NDVI with LST and Vegetation Abundance	96	(1)
Recent Trends	97	(1)
Effect of Urban Morphology	97	(1)
Landscape Ecology Approach	97	(1)
Fractal Analysis	98	(1)
Urban Heat Island vs. Urban Heat Sink: Case Studies	98	(7)
The Urban Heat Island Phenomenon of Indianapolis	99	(3)
The Urban Heat Sink Phenomenon of Indianapolis	102	(3)
Discussion and Conclusions	105	(8)
References	107	(6)
Remote Sensing as a Program Assessment Device: The case of Urban Forestry and the Competition for Local Investment	113	(24)
Jay D. Gatrell
Ryan R. Jensen
The Politics of Local Economic Development	114	(1)
From Grassroots to Public Policy: Environmentalism	115	(8)
Urban Forestry	116	(7)
Urban Forestry Assessment Case Studies	123	(3)
Urban Forestry Policies Up Close	126	(4)
Methods	130	(2)
Discussion	132	(5)
Acknowledgement	132	(1)
References	132	(5)
Urban Sprawl Detection Using Satellite Imagery and Geographically Weighted Regression	137	(16)
Robert Hanham
J. Scott Spiker
Introduction	137	(3)
From Change Detection Techniques	140	(1)
Geographically Weighted Regression	141	(1)
Data and Methods	142	(2)
Results	144	(6)
Conclusion	150	(3)
Acknowledgement	150	(1)
References	150	(3)
Satellites, Census, and the Quality of Life	153	(18)
Valerie A. Muller
Frank Gossette
Study Area	153	(1)
Census Data	154	(1)
Factor Analysis	155	(2)
Observed Values	157	(5)
Structural Variables from Landsat Imagery	162	(1)
NDVI from Multispectral Imagery	162	(1)
Predicted Values	162	(4)
Regression	166	(3)
Summary and Conclusion	169	(2)
References	169	(2)
Urban Environmental Approaches: Policy, Application & Method	171	(4)
Jay D. Gatrell
Ryan R. Jensen
Daniel D. McLean
Case Studies	171	(2)
Policy	172	(1)
Application	172	(1)
Method	173	(1)
Conclusion	173	(2)
References	174	(1)
Index	175