The Geostationary Applications Satellite

by Peter Berlin

• ISBN13: 9780521616034
• ISBN10: 0521616034
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-12-02
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

Berlin offers an in-depth look into all the engineering aspects of geostationary satellite design, construction, and launch. Geostationary satellites have opened new doors for the peaceful use of outer space. From vantage points 22,000 miles above the equator, they permit people anywhere on land, at sea, or in the air to communicate with each other, and they provide meteorologists, geologists, and other scientists with photographs of the earth. This book gives equal emphasis to the explanation of launch vehicles, orbital mechanics, the space environment, spacecraft structures, mechanisms, thermal control, telemetry tracking and command, communications technology, meterological payloads, product assurance and testing.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
List of Acronyms	xiii
1 Launch vehicles	1	(28)
Introduction	1	(1)
Definitions	2	(1)
Rocket engine architecture	3	(1)
Chemical composition of propellants	4	(1)
Specific impulse	5	(1)
The rocket formula	6	(2)
The ascent phase	8	(1)
Injection	9	(1)
Launch site selection	10	(3)
Description of launch vehicles	13	(14)
Space Transportation System (STS)	13	(5)
Titan III	18	(2)
Atlas G/Centaur D-1	20	(1)
Delta II	21	(1)
Ariane 4	22	(4)
Long March 3 (CZ-3)	26	(1)
Proton SL-12	27	(1)
Launch vehicle reliability	27	(1)
Bibliography	28	(1)
2 The transfer orbit	29	(25)
Introduction	29	(1)
Kepler's laws	29	(1)
Orbital geometry	29	(4)
Orbital position in space	33	(1)
Satellite position in space	34	(1)
Derived orbital parameters	35	(2)
Orbital perturbations	37	(1)
Orbital precession	38	(1)
Sun angle	38	(7)
Eclipse	45	(3)
Launch windows	48	(3)
Subsatellite path	51	(2)
Bibliography	53	(1)
3 The geostationary orbit	54	(11)
Orbital geometry in space	55	(1)
Derived orbital parameters	55	(2)
Eclipse	57	(1)
North-south drift	58	(4)
East-west drift	62	(2)
Bibliography	64	(1)
4 The satellite environment	65	(8)
Introduction	65	(1)
Powered flight loads	65	(3)
Other forces	68	(1)
Atmospheric drag	69	(1)
Radiation	69	(1)
Cosmic particles	70	(1)
Electrostatic discharge (ESD)	71	(1)
Cosmic dust	72	(1)
Bibliography	72	(1)
5 Structures	73	(6)
Introduction	73	(1)
Structure architecture	73	(2)
Materials	75	(1)
Development philosophy	75	(2)
Mathematical modelling	77	(1)
Bibliography	78	(1)
6 Mechanisms	79	(4)
The need for mechanisms	79	(2)
Trade-off between usefulness and reliability	81	(2)
7 Thermal control	83	(9)
Introduction	83	(1)
Basic theory	84	(1)
Passive thermal control materials	85	(3)
Active thermal control equipment	88	(1)
Mathematical modelling	89	(2)
Bibliography	91	(1)
8 Power supply and conditioning	92	(13)
Introduction	92	(1)
Subsystem architecture	92	(1)
Power generation	93	(4)
Batteries	97	(2)
Power conditioning	99	(2)
Power balance	101	(3)
Bibliography	104	(1)
9 Propulsion and orbit control	105	(16)
Introduction	105	(1)
Propulsion	105	(4)
Bipropellant subsystem architecture	105	(2)
Monopropellant subsystem architecture	107	(1)
Architectural variations	108	(1)
Orbit control	109	(11)
GTO-GEO manoeuvre strategy	109	(4)
Geostationary orbit control	113	(1)
North south station-keeping	114	(2)
East-west station-keeping	116	(2)
Satellite repositioning	118	(2)
Propellant mass budget	120	(1)
Bibliography	120	(1)
10 Attitude stabilization, measurement and control	121	(28)
Introduction	121	(2)
Gyroscopic theory	123	(4)
Passive stabilization	127	(1)
Active stabilization	128	(2)
Attitude correction	130	(3)
Nutation	131	(1)
Instability	132	(1)
Attitude drift	132	(1)
Attitude measurement	133	(11)
Sun sensors	133	(3)
Earth sensors	136	(5)
Gyros	141	(2)
Accelerometers	143	(1)
Attitude control	144	(3)
Subsystem architecture	147	(1)
Bibliography	148	(1)
11 Telemetry, tracking and command (TT&C)	149	(11)
Introduction	149	(1)
Subsystem architecture	149	(2)
Telecommand	151	(3)
Telemetry	154	(2)
Tracking	156	(2)
TT&C antennae	158	(1)
Bibliography	159	(1)
12 Communications payload	160	(20)
Introduction	160	(1)
Transmission capacity versus power and bandwidth	161	(5)
Subsystem architecture	166	(2)
Receivers	168	(1)
Transmitters	168	(2)
Antennae	170	(2)
Link budget	172	(7)
Bibliography	179	(1)
13 Meteorological payload	180	(9)
Introduction	181	(1)
Low-orbiting satellites	181	(1)
Geostationary satellites	181	(1)
Subsystem architecture	182	(1)
The radiometer	183	(3)
Meteorological data extraction	186	(2)
Bibliography	188	(1)
14 Product assurance	189	(8)
Component selection	190	(1)
Materials and processes	191	(1)
Reliability	192	(3)
Quality assurance	195	(1)
Bibliography	196	(1)
15 Spacecraft development and testing	197	(13)
Introduction	197	(1)
Spacecraft development	197	(1)
Hardware hierarchy	198	(2)
Model philosophy	200	(1)
Assembly, integration and test (AIT)	201	(4)
Test facilities	205	(1)
Launch campaign	206	(3)
The human factor	209	(1)
Index	210